This document provides methods for designing reinforced concrete slabs using working stress design and ultimate strength design. It discusses one-way and two-way slab design, including defining characteristics, load calculations, moment calculations, depth checks, and steel calculations. Formulas are provided for slab thickness selection, elastic constant calculation, load calculations considering dead and live loads, moment determination using code coefficients, minimum steel requirements, and distribution steel spacing.
Earthquake Load Calculation (base shear method)
The 3-story standard office building is located in Los Angeles situated on stiff soil. The
structure of the building is steel special moment frame. All moment-resisting frames are
located at the perimeter of the building. Determine the earthquake force on each story in
North-South direction.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
Earthquake Load Calculation (base shear method)
The 3-story standard office building is located in Los Angeles situated on stiff soil. The
structure of the building is steel special moment frame. All moment-resisting frames are
located at the perimeter of the building. Determine the earthquake force on each story in
North-South direction.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
Analysis and design of multystory buildingAwat Hasan Ra
a presentation about analysis and design of a multy-story building as hotel using hand calculating and programas of STAAD-pro and STA4-cad, it was done by microsoft office 2013.
This resource material is exclusively for the purpose of knowledge dissemination for the use of Civil engineering Fraternity, professionals & students.
This file contains state of art techniques adopted & practiced as per IS456 code provisions for analysis design & detailing of flat slab structural systems.
The presentation aims to provide clear,concise, technical details of flat slabs design.
The presentation deals with structural actions & behavior of flat slabs with visual representations obtained through finite element analysis.
The knowledge gained can be used for designing building structures frequently encountered in construction.
The presentation covers an important feature of slab systems supported on rigid & flexible support & clearly demarcates the minimum beam dimensions required to consider the supports to be either rigid or flexible.
The presentation alsoincludes clear technical drawings to highlight the importance of detailing w.r.t. rebar lay out - positioning & curtailment. Typical section drawing through middle & column strips are also included for visualizing rebar patterns in 3 -d views.
This presentation is an outcome of series of lectures for undergrad & grad students studying in civil engineering.
My next presentation would be on Analysis & design of deep beams.
Kindly mail me ( vvietcivil@gmail.com) your questions & valuable feedback.
I, Mirza Shameem Hasan, completed my B,Sc, degree in Civil Engineering field . I live in Bangladesh. I am
eagerly interested to join your university and continue my study with the subject "Environmental Science".
I have my passport and all documents ready to submit any time you need .
Hence , dear Sir, please give me an opportunity to continue my study and instruct me how can I take future
steps. I will be so happy and grateful I I have the opportunity to join a university like this.
Your obedient,
Mirza Shameem Hasan
civil engineering department
Dhaka, Bangladesh
cell : =88-01948067044,8801671924202,8801677321261.
As always I am pleased to post you an interesting presentation on Integrated Civil Engineering Design Coure. If you found it helpy you may make use of it. Please leave your feedbacks.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
1
This method directs attention to stress conditions within the structural member under
working loads.
Working stress design is based on just such a stress distribution, on the grounds that elastic
stress limits are not exceeded at working loads.
By working-stress methods, allowable stresses are established as some fraction of the stress
capacities of the materials i.e. the yield strength of the steel and the cylinder strength of the
concrete.
Members are proportioned so that these allowable stresses are not exceeded when working
loads are applied.
Working load is defined as the sum of the actual dead load of the structure and an estimate of
the maximum live load, which will be superimposed at some time during its life.
This method focuses on the strength capacity of the member at conditions corresponding
to failure and is known as ultimate-strength design. This design is based on the nonlinear
compressive- stress variation, which is obtained before a member fails.
USD method, base the design of members on conditions just before failure. Members are
proportioned so that the lull strength of the cross-section is just utilized when the ultimate load is
applied.
The ultimate load is obtained by multiplying the actual dead load and the anticipated live load
by separate overload factors greater than unit.
2. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
2
In reinforced concrete structures, slabs are used to provide flat, useful
surfaces. A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate usually horizontal
with top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so. Reinforced concrete
beams, may support it by masonry or reinforced concrete walls, by
structural steel members, directly by columns or continuously by the
ground.
Types of slab:
According to distribution of load along side, slabs are of two types –
1. One way slab
2. Two way slab
There are other types of slabs, such as flat plate slab, flat stab, folded plate slab, reinforced
brick slab, ribbed slab, hollow slab etc.
One Way Slab:
Slabs may be supported on two opposite sides only in which case, the structural action of
the slab is essentially one- way the loads being carried by the slab in the direction perpendicular to
the supporting beams, then the slab is called one way slab.
Slabs may be supported on all four sides in which case if the ratio of length to width of one slab
panel is larger than 2, most of the load is carried in short direction and to the supporting members
and one- way action is obtained. In one way, slab main reinforcement is placed in the shorter
direction.
Two way slab
If the slab in two directions is essentially in two ways and the load carrying the structural
action of the slab then the slab is called two- way slabs. If the ratio of length to width of one panel
is equal or smaller than 2 then the slab is two way. In two ways, slab main reinforcement is provided
in both the shorter and longer direction.
One way slab design formulae
Method: Working Stress Design (W S D)
1. Design data
» La = Clear span in short direction in ft
» Lb = Clear span in long direction in ft
» f’y = Yield strength of steel, psi
» f’c = Crushing strength of concrete, psi
» DL = Sum of all Dead Load [ excluding self weight ]
» LL = Live load, psf
2. Condition:
Lb/La > 2
3. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
3
3. Elastic constant calculation:
» Es = 29 x 106
psi
» Ec = 57000√ fc'
» fs = 0.4f’y
» fc = 0.45f’c
» r = fs/fc
» n = Es/Ec
» k = n/(n+ r)
» j = 1-k/3
4. Selection of slab thickness:
Minimum slab thickness from deflection point of view. (According to ACI Code)
» Assume, slab thickness = t inch
» Effective depth, d= t – 1
5. Load calculation:
o Calculation, self-weight, SW = t/12 x 150
o Total load W = DL+ LL+ SW
6. Moment calculation:
Moment from ACI code moment co-efficient
M = C x W x La
2
(C = ACI code moment co-efficient)
7. Depth check:
dreq = √
𝐌
𝐑𝐛
[ b = 12 inch]
d = t- 1
If, d> dreq. Hence; depth is ok.
[If, d<dreq. Change slab thickness and repeat from step (4) to (7)]
8. Steel calculation:
As = (
𝐌
𝐟𝐬𝐣𝐝
)
Asmin = 0.0025bt
If As< Asmin then As = Asmin
9. Distribution steel:
As = 0.002bt
[*Specification: Maximum spacing = 2t.]
4. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
4
One way slab design formulae
Method: Ultimate Strength Design (U S D)
1. Design data: Mentioned as above
2. Condition: Lb/La> 2
3. Elastic constant calculation:
If f’c= 4000 psi then β1 = 0.85
If f’c> 4000 psi then β1 = 0.8
Balance steel ratio –
4. Selection of slab thickness: Mentioned as above.
5. Load calculation:
DL = Dead load (including self-weight)
LL = Live load
Total load, W = 1.4 x (DL+ SW) + 1.7 x LL
6. Moment calculation:
Moment from ACI code moment co-efficient
M = C x W x La
2
C = ACI code moment co- efficient.
7. Depth check:
If d > dreq; Depth is OK.
If d < dreq; increase slab thickness.
8. Steel calculation:
9. Temperature and shrinkage steel:
If f’y= 50000 psi then, Asmin = 0.002bt
If f’y=60,000 Asmin = 0.0018bt
If f’y> 60000 psi then Asmin = 0.0018 x 60000 x bt/fy
5. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
5
Two way slab design formulae
Method: Ultimate Strength Design (U S D)
1. Selection of slab thickness:
Minimum slab thickness, tmin= 2(La + Lb) / 180 inch
Assume slab thickness = t
Effective depth in short direction; dsor = t-1 inch
Effective depth in long direction; dlon = t –1.5 inch
2. Load calculation:
Total load W = DL + LL + SW (Self weight) [ For WSD]
Total load W = DL x 1.4 + LL x 1.7 + SW x 1.4 (Self weight) [ For USD]
3. Moment calculation:
Panel ratio, m = La/Lb
(a) Negative moment at continuous edges:
Maneg = Caneg x W x La2
Mbneg = Cbneg x W x Lb2
Caneg, Cbneg = Co- efficient for negative moments in slabs from panel ratio and support condition.
(b) Positive moment at mid span:
Ma.pos.dl = Capdl x DL x La2
Ma.pos.ll = Capll x LL x La2
Ma.pos.tot = Mapos.dl + Mapos.ll
Mb.pos.dl = Cbpdl x DL x Lb2
Mb.pos.ll = Cbpll x LL x Lb2
Mb.pos.tot = Mbpos.dl + Mbpos.ll
»» Ca.dl, Cbdl = Co- efficient for dead load positive moments.
»» Ca.ll, Cbll = Co- efficient for live load positive moments.
(c) Negative moments at discontinuous ends:
Ma.neg = 1/3 x Mapos.tot
Mb.neg = 1/3 x Mb.pos.tot
4. Depth check:
Find Mmax
6. [Date]
Priodeep Chowdhury;Lecturer;Dept. of CEE; Uttara University// Slab Design
6
If, dreq.< dsor then depth is Ok.
If dreq.>dsor then increase the depth and repeat depth check
5. Steel calculation:
Calculate steel for long and short direction.
(a) For continuous ends
(b) For mid span
(c) For discontinuous ends
6. Temperature and shrinkage steel