Fever is an elevation of body temperature that exceeds
normally daily variation and occurs in conjunction with an
increase in the hypothalamic set point for e.g. 37⁰C-
39⁰C.
THIS presentation EXPLAINS biomedical waste management IN EASY WAY
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FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
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#VITAMIN_A,#FUNCTIONS,#SOURCE, #DEFICIENCY,#DISEASE,#NIGHTBLINDNESS#XEROPHTHALMIA,#BITOTSPOT,#CORNEALXEROSIS, #CONJUNCIVALXEROSIS, YELLOWFRUITS,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
THIS presentation EXPLAINS biomedical waste management IN EASY WAY
Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU...
CHANEL PLAYLIST-
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/
FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S...
facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139...
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG –
BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu...
Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
#VITAMIN_A,#FUNCTIONS,#SOURCE, #DEFICIENCY,#DISEASE,#NIGHTBLINDNESS#XEROPHTHALMIA,#BITOTSPOT,#CORNEALXEROSIS, #CONJUNCIVALXEROSIS, YELLOWFRUITS,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
a simple ppt on management of fever for nursing student.
these ppt are mostly require for the assignment in hospital for presentation. i hope its is useful for all.
A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 F. A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection. Infections cause most fevers
medical surgical nursing , nursing management of burn patients, it includes definition, classification of burn injury, clinical manifestaion, assessment of burn injury , management of patient with burn, care given to the patient.
a simple ppt on management of fever for nursing student.
these ppt are mostly require for the assignment in hospital for presentation. i hope its is useful for all.
A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 F. A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection. Infections cause most fevers
medical surgical nursing , nursing management of burn patients, it includes definition, classification of burn injury, clinical manifestaion, assessment of burn injury , management of patient with burn, care given to the patient.
A fever is a temporary increase in your body temperature, often due to an illness. Having a fever is a sign that something out of the ordinary is going on in your body. For an adult, a fever may be uncomfortable, but usually isn't a cause for concern unless it reaches 103 F (39.4 C) or higher.
It's a fever when a child's temperature is at or above one of these levels: measured orally (in the mouth): 100°F (37.8°C) measured rectally (in the bottom): 100.4°F (38°C) measured in an axillary position (under the arm): 99°F (37.2°C)
vitals sign is the basic parameter used for all the patients to know the vital and general parameter for the patients and any changes in this parameter can cause the life threatening condition for the patients or clients life the proper technique and its alternatives assessment knowledge can help the nurses to improve academic performance and can be apply this knowledge in their clinical practices
Obstetric fistula is an abnormal opening between the reproductive tract (usually the vagina) and the urinary tract (frequently the bladder) or alimentary tract (usually the rectum) or both. Obstetric fistula typically develops after several days of prolonged or obstructed labour.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. INTRODUCTION
• A fever is a body temperature that’s higher
than is considered normal.
• It’s also called a high temperature,
hyperthermia, or pyrexia, and it’s usually a
sign that your body is working to keep you
healthy from an infection.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Temperature control mechanisms of human beings
keep the body’s core temperature relatively
constant despite extremes in environmental
conditions and physical
4. • The normal body temperature ranges from 36.5
to 37.5 ℃ maintained by the hypothalamic
regulatory centre.
• During a 24 hour period, temperature varies
from lowest levels in the early morning to
highest in the late afternoon.
5. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the lesson, students should be able
to demonstrate an understanding on the
management of patients with fever.
6. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the lesson students should be
able to:
• Define fever
• Mention the causes of fever
• Describe the patterns of fever
• State the signs and symptoms of fever
• Outline the management of fever.
7. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Body temperature is the degree of hotness or
coldness of a body.
• It is the somatic sensation of heat or cold. It is
the degree of or intensity of heat of a body in
relation to external environment.
8. THERMOREGULATION
• The body temperature is the difference between
the amount of heat produced by body processes
& the amount of heat lost to the external
environment.
• Body Temperature = Thermogenesis–Heat Loss
9. DEFINITION OF TERMS CONT’D…
• Core temperature: it is the temperature of internal
body tissues below the skin & subcutaneous
tissues. The sites of measurement are rectum,
tympanic membrane, esophagus, pulmonary artery
& urinary bladder.
10. • Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of an
organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium
by adjusting its physiological processes.
• Hyperpyrexia is a high fever, usually above 41ºC
(105.8ºF).
11. • Surface body temperature- it refers to the body
temperature of external body tissues at the
surface that is of the skin & subcutaneous
tissues.
12. FEVER
• Fever (pyrexia) is an increase above normal
(considered to be 37ºC or 98.6ºF) in body
temperature.
• A person with a fever is said to be febrile and with a
fever is said to be afebrile.
• Pyrogen-a substance, typically produced by a
bacterium, which produces fever when introduced
or released into the blood.
13. PHYSIOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION
• The body maintains the body temperature through
metabolic processes in the body e.g homeostasis.
• In humans, temperature homeostasis is controlled
by the thermoregulatory center in the
hypothalamus.
14. PHYSIOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION
The hypothalamus receives inputs from two
sets of thermoreceptors:
receptors in the hypothalamus monitor the
temperature of the blood.
receptors in the skin monitors the external
temperature.
15. PHYSIOLOGY OF THERMOREGULATION
• The thermoregulatory centre sends impulses
to several different effectors to adjust body
temperature.
• When the message has reached the
hypothalamus, a series of reactions follow.
16.
17. FACTORS AFFECTING BODY
TEMPERATURE
• A variety of factors affect body temperature.
These factors include circadian rhythms, age,
gender, stress, and environmental temperatures.
18. GENDER
• Women tend to experience more fluctuations in
body temperature than do men, probably the
result of changes in hormones.
• The increase in progesterone secretion at
ovulation increases body temperature as much as
0.3º to 0.6ºC (0.5º to 1ºF).
19.
20. CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
• Are 24-hour cycles that are part of the body's
internal clock, running in the background to carry
out essential functions and processes.
• For instance, body temperature is usually about
0.6ºC (1º to 2º F) lower in the early morning than
in the late afternoon and early evening.
21.
22. AGE
• Older adults lose some thermoregulatory control
with aging and are at risk for harm from extremes
of temperature.
• The body temperature of infants and children
changes more rapidly in response to both hot and
cold air temperatures.
23. ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE
• Most of us respond to changes in environmental
temperature by wearing clothing that either
allows increased heat loss when it is hot or retains
heat when it is cold.
24. STRESS
• Psychological stress can trigger physiological
responses, including an increase in body
temperature. A neural circuit that underlies this
stress-induced heat response has been identified.
25. EXERCISE
• Hard work or strenuous exercise can increase
body temperature to as high as 38.3 ⁰C to 40
⁰C.
27. FEVER
• Fever also known as pyrexia is defined as an
elevation of body temperature of above 37.5 ℃
mediated by an increase of the hypothalamic
heat regulatory set-point (Potter & Perry 2009).
28. • Common medical sign characterized by an
elevation of temperature above the normal range
of 36.5 -37.5oC due to an increase in the body
temperature regulatory set point (Karakitsos and
Karabinis, 2008).
32. INFECTIOUS
• Pyrogens are substances that cause fever eg fungi,
viruses, and bacteria.
• Pyrogens causes fever by inducing release of
endogenous pyrogens (IL-1, Tumor necrosis factor,
Interferon-y and IL-6) produced by the host cells
that elevates the hypothalamic set point.
34. TYPES OF FEVER
• Continuous fever: Temperature remains above
normal throughout the day and does not
fluctuate more than 1 °C in 24 hours, e.g. lobar
pneumonia, typhoid, meningitis, urinary tract
infection, brucellosis, or typhus.
35. • Intermittent fever: The temperature elevation is
present only for a certain period, later cycling back
to normal, e.g. malaria, kala-azar, pyaemia, or
septicemia.
36. • Remittent fever: Temperature remains above
normal throughout the day and fluctuates more
than 1 °C in 24 hours, e.g., infective endocarditis.
37. • Pel-Ebstein fever: A specific kind of fever
associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma, being high
for one week and low for the next week and so
on.
• However, there is some debate as to whether this
pattern truly exists.
38. • A neutropenic fever: also called febrile neutropenia, is
a fever in the absence of normal immune system
function.
• Because of the lack of infection-fighting neutrophils, a
bacterial infection can spread rapidly; this fever is,
therefore, usually considered to require urgent
medical attention.
39. • Neurogenic fever is the result of damage to the
hypothalamus from pathologies such as
intracranial trauma, intracranial bleeding, or
increased intracranial pressure. This type of fever
does not respond to antipyretic medications
(Porth & Matfin, 2009).
40. • Fever of unknown origin (FUO) also known as pyrexia
of unknown origin(PUO) is body temperature ≥ 38.3°
C (101° F) that lasts 3 weeks or longer and does not
result from transient and self-limited illness, rapidly
fatal illness, or disorders with clear-cut localizing
symptoms or signs or with abnormalities on common
tests such as chest x-ray, urinalysis, or blood cultures.
41. • This kind of fever is more commonly seen in people
receiving immune-suppressing chemotherapy than
in apparently healthy people.
42. • Febricula is an old term for a low-grade fever,
especially if the cause is unknown, no other
symptoms are present, and the patient recovers
fully in less than a week.
43.
44. GRADES OF FEVER
• Low grade fever: 37.5º-38.2ºC(98.8-100.6Fº)
• High grade fever: 38.2º-40.5ºC(100.6-104.9ºF)
• Hyperpyrexia: >40.5ºC(104.9ºF)
45. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
PERIOD
• Acute fever; type of fever which takes less than
7 days. It is characteristic of infectious diseases
such as malaria and viral related upper
respiratory tract infections.
46. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
PERIOD
• Sub-acute fever; type of fever that take less than 2
weeks in duration.
• This type of fever may be seen in cases of typhoid
fever and intra-abdominal abscess.
47. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
PERIOD
• Chronic Fever; type of fever which takes more than
2 weeks.
• Is typical of chronic bacterial and viral infections e.g
T.B, HIV and cancer.
52. HYPOTHERMIA
• Is a condition in which an organism's
temperature drops below that required for
normal metabolism and bodily functions.
53. ASSIGNMENT
• What are the differences between fever and
hyperthermia?
• Go and read on the management of
hypothemia
54. REFERENCES
• Axelrod & Diringer (2008). Temperature management in acute neurologic
disorders. Neurol. Clin . 26 (2): 585-603.
• Karakitsos & Karabinis (2008). Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain
injury in children. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(11): 1179-80.
• Lewis. S., Hertkemper, M., M, Dirksen, S., R., O’Brien, P., G., Bucher, L., (2007).
Medical - Surgical Nursing -Assessment and Management of clinical
problems.7th edition. Mosby. St Louis. Missouri. USA.
• Monahan, F., Sands J.K., Neighbors M., Marek, J.,F and Green C. (2007).
Phipp’s Medical –Surgical Nursing: Health and illness perspectives. 8th
edition. Mosby, Elsevier, USA.
• Oats, J., and Abraham, S., (2008). Fundamentals of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 8th edition, Elsevier, Edinburgh.
• Perry A. G. and Potter P. A. (2009), Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th edition,
Mosby, Elsevier
• Smeltzer, S., C., Bare, B., G., (1999). Brunner and Suddarths’ textbook of
Medical - Surgical Nursing. 9THEdition. Lippincott. Philadelphia.