Site selection
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The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a campsite, including environmental conditions, number of participants, wildlife, and scenic value. It recommends choosing a site with good drainage on durable soil that absorbs water easily, such as sandy or gravelly soils. The document also outlines best practices for minimizing environmental impact, such as dispersing impact and allowing natural regeneration of soil layers over time. There are five main soil layers that form over hundreds of years, from leaf litter on top to unmodified bedrock below.
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Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. It involves improving land to allow for more intensive use through methods like irrigation or removing salt/alkali. Land is reclaimed to develop agricultural land, property, or raise economic activity. Challenges include drainage, clearing wet areas, and subsidence. Safety measures like silt curtains are used and slopes should not exceed 45 degrees to prevent erosion. Land reclamation guidelines require following national physical plans and environmental impact assessment laws.
NH: Residential Rain Gardens
Residential rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native species that allow stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces like roofs and driveways to naturally infiltrate into the ground. They remove pollutants from runoff and add landscape value. Proper siting and installation is important, considering factors like soil drainage and slope. The document outlines steps for sizing, excavating, amending soil, planting, and maintaining a rain garden to maximize stormwater infiltration and pollution removal.
Trail Closure Method - ver2
The document discusses methods for temporarily and permanently closing trails. It describes:
1) Temporary closure techniques include signage, fences and barriers which are used for issues like weather, maintenance or wildlife.
2) Permanent closure requires more extensive techniques like scarification, soil blending, erosion control and camouflage using native plants and materials to fully reclaim the land and remove any trace of the former trail.
3) Successful permanent closure is achieved by completely blocking the old trail visually and physically so it cannot be discerned and discouraging users from accessing the closed route.
Green Earth Movement - Sand Mining
This document discusses the environmental impacts of sand mining and provides mitigation measures. It notes that sand mining is becoming an issue as demand increases, and can cause considerable environmental damage by disturbing habitats and ecosystems. It then lists several specific impacts of sand mining, such as reducing bird habitats, degrading water quality, lowering groundwater levels, and destroying riparian vegetation. The document proposes 10 mitigation measures that can be taken, such as selecting mining areas to minimize damage, limiting mining during certain seasons, and restoring mined areas with replanting. It also discusses illegal sand mining occurring in India and steps taken in Kerala to address it, such as a complaint cell and raids to seize vehicles involved in illegal mining.
Gem ppt-35-sand mining
Sand mining is becoming an environmental issue as demand increases. It can damage habitats, lower water tables, pollute water, and destabilize river banks. Several mitigation measures can be taken, including selecting less impactful mining areas, limiting mining depths, excluding sensitive zones, seasonal restrictions, monitoring ecosystems, and restoration efforts. However, illegal sand mining in India operates constantly without regulation, destroying habitats and infrastructure.
Trail Closure Methods
The document discusses methods for temporarily and permanently closing trails. Temporary closures may use signage, fences, or barriers and are for issues like weather, maintenance or wildlife. Permanent closures completely remove the trail and involve blocking access, re-contouring the land, re-vegetation and camouflaging the old route. The key steps are breaking up the old tread, adding plants as barriers and using rocks/logs to hide sight lines of the former trail. Complete closure requires removing the trail from all maps and informational materials.
Leave no trace by Taylor Dockstader
The document provides guidance on planning trips to minimize environmental impact through proper preparation. It discusses the importance of:
1) Adequately planning trips to match goals, skills and abilities while preparing for safety, minimizing impacts, and having enjoyable experiences. Poor planning can result in damage and safety issues.
2) Considering factors like weather, regulations, group size and meal planning to reduce waste when preparing. Meal planning should utilize one-pot meals and repackaged food to minimize trash.
3) Spreading out and avoiding fragile vegetation and surfaces like cryptobiotic crusts when traveling off trails, and concentrating on durable trails when possible to prevent multiple trail formation. Proper planning and trip conduct can help
Identifying Your Soil for Rain Gardens
Determining the soil type at a proposed rain garden location is important for sizing the garden properly. The document describes how to identify soil type using a simple feel test to classify soils as sand, silt, or clay based on texture. Soil type influences the drainage rate and size of an effective rain garden. Students will learn to classify soil samples collected from their school grounds by texture using this feel test method.
8th geography 2.land,soil, water,,natural vegetation...
Land, water, soil, and natural vegetation are important natural resources. Land is used for agriculture, housing, and industry. Uneven terrain and climate lead to uneven population distributions. Conservation of land is needed due to increasing demand and degradation. Water scarcity exists in many regions due to overuse and pollution. Conservation methods include water harvesting and efficient irrigation. Soil is formed from weathered rocks and organic matter. Factors like deforestation and overgrazing can degrade soils. Conservation involves practices like contour ploughing and shelter belts. Natural vegetation and wildlife are valuable resources that provide materials and maintain ecosystems. Their distribution depends on climate and moisture. Conservation efforts include protected areas and awareness programs.
NATURE RESOURCES
Natural resources include renewable resources like forests, wildlife, and solar energy as well as non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals. It is important to conserve natural resources and use them judiciously. The document then discusses India's major natural resources like forests, water, and minerals. It provides details on the types of each resource, their uses, issues with overexploitation, and examples of important occurrences in India.
18. soil erosion ans soil conservation by Allah dad khan
This document discusses soil erosion and conservation. It defines erosion as the natural process by which soil particles are removed and transported by agents like water, wind, and gravity. Accelerated erosion occurs when the rate of soil removal exceeds the rate of formation, such as when vegetation is removed, exposing soil to the elements. Some key points made are:
- Worldwide, 75 billion metric tons of soil are lost to erosion each year, predominantly from cropland.
- Soil conservation measures in the US include terracing, contour plowing, cover crops, and conservation tillage to reduce the impact of water and wind erosion.
- The Universal Soil Loss Equation is used to calculate soil loss based on
Resource & Development
The document discusses different types of resources and their classification. It describes resources as being biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable, owned by individuals, communities, nations or internationally. Resources are also classified based on their development status. The document notes challenges from overusing resources like depletion and environmental crises. It advocates for sustainable development and resource planning to protect resources for future generations while allowing present development.
Resource & development ppt
The document discusses different types of resources and their classification. It describes resources as being biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable, owned by individuals, communities, nations or internationally. Resources can also be potential, developed, stock or reserves. Overuse of resources can lead to depletion, social divisions and ecological crises. Sustainable development is important to protect resources for future generations and the environment. The document also discusses land resources in India, types of soil in India formed by different geological and environmental factors.
Building Raingardens
The document discusses the benefits and design considerations for building raingardens. Raingardens are shallow depressions planted with vegetation that improve stormwater quality through biological and soil processes. They reduce runoff, recharge groundwater, and remove various pollutants. Key factors in designing raingardens include the watershed size, soil type, utility locations, plant selection, and ensuring proper overflow drainage. Several examples of existing raingardens are also presented.
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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY LECT 4 - LAND RECLAIMATION.pdf
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Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionImproving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
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Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Site selection
- 1. Site Selection & Soil Layer By: Kristen Downey
- 3. How to choose a campsite… “An ideal campsite is a blend of both what is desirable and necessary.” There are a many factors to consider when choosing a campsite: ●Carrying capacity (environmental conditions and number of participants) ●Skill levels of participants ●Wildlife ●Scenic and historical significance ●The challenge to push into unexplored regions
- 4. • Should be aware of potential hazards (cliff edges, water sources, weather, animal dens and trails, widowers- dead falling trees), or other environmental concerns. • Choose a campsite with a slight slope for water to drain
- 5. ● The ground at a site should absorb rain easily, remain firm under heavy traffic, and not be dusty when dry. ● Sandy, gravelly soil absorbs water quickly and dries quickly, but mosses stay damp longer.
- 6. Do’s and Don’t’s when Choosing a Campsite: DO pick a spot that is: ●Durable ●At least 60m away from water sources ●Relatively level ●Safe ●A bit breezy (keep bugs away) ●Easy to access other points of camp ●Scenic ●Has no tripping hazards or eye-level branches (day/night) DON’T pick a spot that is: ●Environmentally fragile ●Hazardous ●Near possible flood zones or water hazards ●Situated in a bowl (lower than surrounding areas) ●Near any widowers ●Near any toxic plants ●Near lots of animal activity
- 9. Soil Layers
- 10. Layers There are 5 different layers in the soil: ●Duff or Leaf Litter: organic material natural to the area, the material that decomposes into sticky brown material. ●Organic Layers: able to absorb significant amounts of water to prevent drastic erosion. ●A- Horizon: finely reduced organic material, able to absorb significant amounts of water to prevent drastic erosion. ●B- Horizon: mineral soil mixed with organic material. ●C- Horizon: unmodified parent material, original material of the place it was deposited. ●Final Layer is bedrock
- 11. Soil Layers
- 12. ● On average, it can take up to 200 years to form 1cm (.4 inch) of soil. ● This is a very slow rate of renewal which signifies the importance of not interfering with the natural production or erosion of the natural soil layers when hiking and camping.
- 13. To minimize our impact on the soil layer when camping… ● Hike in a single-file line to contain and control trail damage. ● In the camp area, follow random routes which will prevent the formation of social trails. These areas are not subject to frequent use so the new random pathways will have time to rebound. ● Camp on spaces that are environmentally durable.
- 14. References ● Redmond, K., Foran, A., Dwyer, S., (2010). Quality Lesson Plans for Outdoor Education. United States: Human Kinetics ● Leave No Trace Canada. (2009). Leave No Trace Principles. Outdoor Ethics. Retrieved from: http://www.leavenotrace.ca/principle-travel-camp- durable-surfaces