Regulatory modifications have raised important issues in design and use of industrial safety systems. Certain changes in IEC 61508, now being widely implemented, mean that designers and users who desire full compliance must give new consideration to topics such as SIL levels and the transition to new methodologies.
Schubert & Salzer is a fast growing high-tech company, that develops, produces and distributes highly precise control and stop valves which are applied in the process industry.
Achieve superior accuracy and unmatched zero stability in ultra-low-flow gas and liquid measurement and control with the Quantim® Coriolis mass flow controllers and meters from Brooks Instrument. Brooks has taken the lead in driving improvements in Coriolis flow technology: Our patented Coriolis sensor design measures low flows independent of fluid type or process variables. The result: unsurpassed performance - the most accurate, stable, repeatable and reproducible mass flow measurement and control, even under changing conditions.
Designers and manufacturers of industrial boilers are focused on meeting regulatory and safety requirements when developing highly efficient burner management systems (BMS). BMS are responsible for startup, operation and shutdown of a burner boiler systems. BMS monitor temperature, pressure and flow and employs safety shutoffs to shut down the burner boiler if an unsafe condition occurs.
Process Instrumentation for the Chemical IndustrySwanson Flo
Foxboro’s complete line of robust, field-proven instrumentation provides measurement solutions for temperature, pressure, flow, process analysis, level, and data acquisition. Additionally, our line of valve positioners offers the highest accuracy in the industry.
Flowserve Control Valve Product Guide (Valtek, Kammer)Swanson Flo
Flowserve general service control valves combine platform standardization, high performance, and simplified maintenance to deliver a lower total cost of ownership.
Flowserve delivers a broad range of general service control valves – linear and rotary – with pressure ratings of ANSI Class 150 to 4500/PN 10 to PN 640. These high-performance control valves offer greater reliability, precision control, and flow capacity, with significantly reduced cavitation, flashing, and noise. Quality production ensures increased process yield and throughput.
Because Flowserve general service control valves are constructed on global platforms using standardized parts and components, up-front engineering is held to a minimum. Simplified operation, maintenance, and service further ensure lower total cost of ownership.
Metso Neles Flow Control Solutions: Valves, Actuation, and AutomationMead O'Brien, Inc.
Neles Controls, a unit of Metso Automation, is a manufacturer of high quality rotary control valves, on/off valves, actuators & positioners, emergency shutdown valves (ESD), digital valve position control products, and severe service specialty valve products.
Schubert & Salzer is a fast growing high-tech company, that develops, produces and distributes highly precise control and stop valves which are applied in the process industry.
Achieve superior accuracy and unmatched zero stability in ultra-low-flow gas and liquid measurement and control with the Quantim® Coriolis mass flow controllers and meters from Brooks Instrument. Brooks has taken the lead in driving improvements in Coriolis flow technology: Our patented Coriolis sensor design measures low flows independent of fluid type or process variables. The result: unsurpassed performance - the most accurate, stable, repeatable and reproducible mass flow measurement and control, even under changing conditions.
Designers and manufacturers of industrial boilers are focused on meeting regulatory and safety requirements when developing highly efficient burner management systems (BMS). BMS are responsible for startup, operation and shutdown of a burner boiler systems. BMS monitor temperature, pressure and flow and employs safety shutoffs to shut down the burner boiler if an unsafe condition occurs.
Process Instrumentation for the Chemical IndustrySwanson Flo
Foxboro’s complete line of robust, field-proven instrumentation provides measurement solutions for temperature, pressure, flow, process analysis, level, and data acquisition. Additionally, our line of valve positioners offers the highest accuracy in the industry.
Flowserve Control Valve Product Guide (Valtek, Kammer)Swanson Flo
Flowserve general service control valves combine platform standardization, high performance, and simplified maintenance to deliver a lower total cost of ownership.
Flowserve delivers a broad range of general service control valves – linear and rotary – with pressure ratings of ANSI Class 150 to 4500/PN 10 to PN 640. These high-performance control valves offer greater reliability, precision control, and flow capacity, with significantly reduced cavitation, flashing, and noise. Quality production ensures increased process yield and throughput.
Because Flowserve general service control valves are constructed on global platforms using standardized parts and components, up-front engineering is held to a minimum. Simplified operation, maintenance, and service further ensure lower total cost of ownership.
Metso Neles Flow Control Solutions: Valves, Actuation, and AutomationMead O'Brien, Inc.
Neles Controls, a unit of Metso Automation, is a manufacturer of high quality rotary control valves, on/off valves, actuators & positioners, emergency shutdown valves (ESD), digital valve position control products, and severe service specialty valve products.
The NDX is a 4–20 mA powered micro-controller based intelligent valve controller. The device contains a local user interface enabling configuration and operation without opening the device cover. Configuration and operation can also be made remotely by PC with asset management software connected to the control loop.
Flowserve Valves - Kammer Control ValvesSwanson Flo
FLOWSERVE Kämmer manufactures special application and general service control
valves and actuators, which are used extensively in the chemical, petrochemical, power, petroleum, pulp & paper, pharmaceutical, food processing and cryogenic industries.
FLOWSERVE Kämmer pneumatic actuators are widely known for their versatile diaphragm design, easy installation and simplified maintenance. When compared to other manufacturers’ diaphragm actuator designs, Kämmer actuators have much higher thrust capabilities, feature a very compact design and are lighter in weight. They also feature a field reversible design that requires no additional
parts.
Here is a very good materials compatibility and corrosion guide courtesy of Ashcroft.
The reference is intended to serve solely as a general guide in the recommendation of materials for corrosive services and must be regarded as indicative only and not as any guarantee for a specific service. There are many conditions which cannot be covered by a simple tabulation such as this, which is based on uncontaminated chemicals, not mixtures.
Many of the chemicals listed are dangerous or toxic. No material recommendation should be made when there is insufficient information, a high degree of risk, or an extremely dangerous chemical. The end user is responsible for testing materials in his own application, or for securing the services of a qualified engineer to recommend materials.
The end user is responsible for the choice of product(s) in his own application, based upon his own determination of the materials, chemical, and corrosion factors involved. THIS GUIDE AND ITS CONTENT ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.
Limitorque Pneumatic Compact Scotch Yoke Actuator Model LPCSwanson Flo
The Limitorque Pneumatic Compact (LPC) range is a robust, lightweight, modular Scotch yoke design available in both spring return and double acting configurations. It is suitable for actuating ball, butterfly and plug valves or any other quarter-turn application.
LPC compact actuators deliver up to 5500 Nm* (4057 ft-lb) of precisely controlled torque. The LPC product range is complementary to the Limitorque LPS heavy-duty pneumatic Scotch yoke actuators.
Eclipse Model 706 High Performance Guided Wave Radar Level TransmitterMiller Energy, Inc.
The Eclipse® Model 706 high performance transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter that is based upon the proven and increasingly accepted technology of guided wave radar (GWR). Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many of the more traditional technologies.
Foxboro Magnetic Flowmeter for Chemical and Process IndustriesSwanson Flo
Based on Faraday’s law of induction, Foxboro magnetic meters are a reliable ow measurement solution with a lower cost of ownership and maintenance, as well as eld-proven stability to maximize the availability of ow measurement.
With a wide range of liners and electrodes, the 9700A owtube is ideal for the Chemical and Process industries. In combination with the IMT30A, IMT31A and IMT33A transmitters, Foxboro offers an innovative solution designed to meet the demands for all chemical applications such as:
• Clean liquids
• Mixing of chemicals
• Demanding applications including corrosive, abrasive liquids • Rapid variation of the pH value
• For slurries and pastes with high solids content
• Drilling applications, mining slurries with large particles
Emerson and Transcat Webinar: Improve Reliability with the Latest in Pressure...Transcat Design
In this webinar, presented by Kyle Knutson, you will learn:
• Traditional Gauge Construction and Process Conditions that Challenge Proper Function
• Pressure Gauge Technology for Challenging Conditions
Combining Rupture Discs and Safety Relief ValvesCTi Controltech
Isolating a relief or safety valve from the process media through the installation of a rupture disc upstream of the valve inlet will eliminate exposure of the costly valve to effects of the media.
Flame control products for industrial fluid operationsCTi Controltech
Groth Corporation's Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Vacuum Relief Valves, Pilot Operated Valves, Flame and Detonation Arresters, Emergency Relief Valves, Waste Gas Burners, Pressure Regulators and more have been protecting refineries, chemical processing plants and facilities with atmospheric, fixed-roof storage tanks for more than 50 years.
Gases and steam are compressible. It is normal that when gas or steam reaches the disc in a valve, it compresses and builds up before passing through the valve. This compression may cause a rapid build up of system pressure and be potentially harmful. There are other process conditions, such as boiler control malfunction, that can create elevated pressure in a closed system. Every system and component in a pressurized system has a safe operating pressure limit that must not be exceeded.
Rupture Disc Products For Industrial Process SafetyCTi Controltech
Built on years of research and development, the HPX® and SANITRX HPX® Rupture Discs (bursting discs) are high precision pressure relieving devices that protect personnel, equipment and the environment. The versatility of the HPX® product family offers pressure protection for a wide range of applications in many processing industries, including: chemical, oil and gas, food, beverage, pharmaceutical, biotech, pulp and paper, power and more.
Flex-Valve, is a brand under General Rubber Corp. representing a state of the art line of pinch valves, pressure isolation rings and duck bill check valves. Flex-Valve has become a worldwide recognized brand and leading manufacturer in the industry
The combustion process has always been considered having the potential for a hazardous event which could lead to personnel injury or loss of production. To mitigate this risk, the process industry is now implementing Safety Instrumented Systems which can identify hazardous operating conditions and correctly respond in such a way to bring the combustion process back to a safe operating condition or implement an automatically controlled shutdown sequence to reduce the risk of operator error causing a catastrophic event. Oxygen and combustible flue gas analyzers are now being utilized in these combustion Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) to identify hazardous operating conditions and automatically return the process to a safe state. The standards of IEC 61511 and API RP 556 will be reviewed as they apply to flue gas analyzers, as well as the process variables of the oxygen and combustible analyzer available for implementation into the SIS system for combustion monitoring, and the resultant actions required to return the process to a safe condition.
The NDX is a 4–20 mA powered micro-controller based intelligent valve controller. The device contains a local user interface enabling configuration and operation without opening the device cover. Configuration and operation can also be made remotely by PC with asset management software connected to the control loop.
Flowserve Valves - Kammer Control ValvesSwanson Flo
FLOWSERVE Kämmer manufactures special application and general service control
valves and actuators, which are used extensively in the chemical, petrochemical, power, petroleum, pulp & paper, pharmaceutical, food processing and cryogenic industries.
FLOWSERVE Kämmer pneumatic actuators are widely known for their versatile diaphragm design, easy installation and simplified maintenance. When compared to other manufacturers’ diaphragm actuator designs, Kämmer actuators have much higher thrust capabilities, feature a very compact design and are lighter in weight. They also feature a field reversible design that requires no additional
parts.
Here is a very good materials compatibility and corrosion guide courtesy of Ashcroft.
The reference is intended to serve solely as a general guide in the recommendation of materials for corrosive services and must be regarded as indicative only and not as any guarantee for a specific service. There are many conditions which cannot be covered by a simple tabulation such as this, which is based on uncontaminated chemicals, not mixtures.
Many of the chemicals listed are dangerous or toxic. No material recommendation should be made when there is insufficient information, a high degree of risk, or an extremely dangerous chemical. The end user is responsible for testing materials in his own application, or for securing the services of a qualified engineer to recommend materials.
The end user is responsible for the choice of product(s) in his own application, based upon his own determination of the materials, chemical, and corrosion factors involved. THIS GUIDE AND ITS CONTENT ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.
Limitorque Pneumatic Compact Scotch Yoke Actuator Model LPCSwanson Flo
The Limitorque Pneumatic Compact (LPC) range is a robust, lightweight, modular Scotch yoke design available in both spring return and double acting configurations. It is suitable for actuating ball, butterfly and plug valves or any other quarter-turn application.
LPC compact actuators deliver up to 5500 Nm* (4057 ft-lb) of precisely controlled torque. The LPC product range is complementary to the Limitorque LPS heavy-duty pneumatic Scotch yoke actuators.
Eclipse Model 706 High Performance Guided Wave Radar Level TransmitterMiller Energy, Inc.
The Eclipse® Model 706 high performance transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter that is based upon the proven and increasingly accepted technology of guided wave radar (GWR). Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many of the more traditional technologies.
Foxboro Magnetic Flowmeter for Chemical and Process IndustriesSwanson Flo
Based on Faraday’s law of induction, Foxboro magnetic meters are a reliable ow measurement solution with a lower cost of ownership and maintenance, as well as eld-proven stability to maximize the availability of ow measurement.
With a wide range of liners and electrodes, the 9700A owtube is ideal for the Chemical and Process industries. In combination with the IMT30A, IMT31A and IMT33A transmitters, Foxboro offers an innovative solution designed to meet the demands for all chemical applications such as:
• Clean liquids
• Mixing of chemicals
• Demanding applications including corrosive, abrasive liquids • Rapid variation of the pH value
• For slurries and pastes with high solids content
• Drilling applications, mining slurries with large particles
Emerson and Transcat Webinar: Improve Reliability with the Latest in Pressure...Transcat Design
In this webinar, presented by Kyle Knutson, you will learn:
• Traditional Gauge Construction and Process Conditions that Challenge Proper Function
• Pressure Gauge Technology for Challenging Conditions
Combining Rupture Discs and Safety Relief ValvesCTi Controltech
Isolating a relief or safety valve from the process media through the installation of a rupture disc upstream of the valve inlet will eliminate exposure of the costly valve to effects of the media.
Flame control products for industrial fluid operationsCTi Controltech
Groth Corporation's Pressure/Vacuum Relief Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Vacuum Relief Valves, Pilot Operated Valves, Flame and Detonation Arresters, Emergency Relief Valves, Waste Gas Burners, Pressure Regulators and more have been protecting refineries, chemical processing plants and facilities with atmospheric, fixed-roof storage tanks for more than 50 years.
Gases and steam are compressible. It is normal that when gas or steam reaches the disc in a valve, it compresses and builds up before passing through the valve. This compression may cause a rapid build up of system pressure and be potentially harmful. There are other process conditions, such as boiler control malfunction, that can create elevated pressure in a closed system. Every system and component in a pressurized system has a safe operating pressure limit that must not be exceeded.
Rupture Disc Products For Industrial Process SafetyCTi Controltech
Built on years of research and development, the HPX® and SANITRX HPX® Rupture Discs (bursting discs) are high precision pressure relieving devices that protect personnel, equipment and the environment. The versatility of the HPX® product family offers pressure protection for a wide range of applications in many processing industries, including: chemical, oil and gas, food, beverage, pharmaceutical, biotech, pulp and paper, power and more.
Flex-Valve, is a brand under General Rubber Corp. representing a state of the art line of pinch valves, pressure isolation rings and duck bill check valves. Flex-Valve has become a worldwide recognized brand and leading manufacturer in the industry
The combustion process has always been considered having the potential for a hazardous event which could lead to personnel injury or loss of production. To mitigate this risk, the process industry is now implementing Safety Instrumented Systems which can identify hazardous operating conditions and correctly respond in such a way to bring the combustion process back to a safe operating condition or implement an automatically controlled shutdown sequence to reduce the risk of operator error causing a catastrophic event. Oxygen and combustible flue gas analyzers are now being utilized in these combustion Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) to identify hazardous operating conditions and automatically return the process to a safe state. The standards of IEC 61511 and API RP 556 will be reviewed as they apply to flue gas analyzers, as well as the process variables of the oxygen and combustible analyzer available for implementation into the SIS system for combustion monitoring, and the resultant actions required to return the process to a safe condition.
Reliability Instrumented System | Arrelic Insights Arrelic
An approach that strays from the conventional, coupled with
consistency, enables us to contribute to the company's overall
growth and success.
This Insights talks about RIS Process and applications
SIL = Safety Integrity Level
•Safety systems are becoming increasingly instrumented
•Depending less on human intervention and operator’s ability to respond correctly in a given situation
•Depending more on instrumentation and programmable systems
•SIL requirements are intended to ensure the reliability of such safety instrumented systems
ARRL: A Criterion for Composable Safety and Systems EngineeringVincenzo De Florio
While safety engineering standards define rigorous and controllable
processes for system development, safety standards’ differences in distinct
domains are non-negligible. This paper focuses in particular on the aviation,
automotive, and railway standards, all related to the transportation market.
Many are the reasons for the said differences, ranging from historical reasons,
heuristic and established practices, and legal frameworks, but also from the
psychological perception of the safety risks. In particular we argue that the
Safety Integrity Levels are not sufficient to be used as a top level requirement
for developing a safety-critical system. We argue that Quality of Service is a
more generic criterion that takes the trustworthiness as perceived by users better
into account. In addition, safety engineering standards provide very little
guidance on how to compose safe systems from components, while this is the
established engineering practice. In this paper we develop a novel concept
called Assured Reliability and Resilience Level as a criterion that takes the
industrial practice into account and show how it complements the Safety
Integrity Level concept.
Since 2007 there has been a choice of harmonised standards
to use for Functional Safety in the machinery sector.
The choices are:
ISO standard EN ISO 13849
IEC standard EN 62061
source TUV-SUD
www.regeltechnieken.org
www.ie-net.be/reg
Flow & Pressure Instrumentation for Biopharmaceuticals & Life SciencesMiller Energy, Inc.
Producing biopharmaceuticals is one of the world’s most demanding manufacturing processes. Brooks Instrument’s mass flow and pressure control technology helps maximize cell culture yields and control bioprocess costs. Brooks flow and pressure controllers set global standards for reliability, repeatability and long-term stability.
One Series Safety Transmitter - Pressure and Temperature Transmitter-SwitchMiller Energy, Inc.
The One Series Safety Transmitter simplifies installation, improves productivity, and eliminates nuisance trips. Sensor diagnostics with redundant data processing detect open, shorted, and plugged sensing elements.
Magnetrol Guide Wave Radar Level Transmitter For Hygienic ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
For hygienic applications, the transmitters are available with a 304 stainless steel housings designed specifically for use in facilities with the special requirements for the wetted and non-wetted materials, process connections and surface finishes of hygienic industries.
Solenoid Valves for Water Conditioning and Purification Systems and EquipmentMiller Energy, Inc.
New composite valve technologies can offer notable benefits
when improved valves are specified for membrane-based filtration like reverse osmosis systems. Advantages include current certifications, ready availability, high reliability in challenging applications, ease of installation and use, and a choice of normally open and normally closed versions
Special RTD Temperature Sensor Configuration for Heat Trace ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
Heat traced piping requires a means of temperature measurement to assure control of heat input to minimize energy consumption and maximize pipe and fluid temperature.
Maintenance Procedures for Yokogawa ADMAG TI Series AXW Magnetic Flow MeterMiller Energy, Inc.
The AXW series is ideal for industrial process lines, and water supply and sewage applications. With outstanding reliability and ease of operation, developed on decades of field-proven experience, the AXW will increase user benefits while reducing total cost of ownership.
Verbatim Gateway is a field-proven, stand-alone alarm monitoring and reporting solution. More reliable than PC-based alarm systems, you can depend on it to perform in mission-critical applications due to its fault tolerance and internal battery backup. Robust yet affordable, Verbatim Gateway monitors operations and notifies personnel of problem conditions — anytime, anywhere — for a one-time cost. No extra service contracts or plug-ins required!
Parker manufactures one of the widest offerings of quick connect hose fittings available, with variants, options, and specialized products to suit almost every application.
Rugged, NEMA 4X, epoxy coated enclosure
SPDT or DPDT switch output
Easy access wiring
Single switch output
Internal reference scale and adjustable deadband available
Adjustable ranges: ◦30 "Hg Vac to 5000 psi
• 1 bar Vac to 344 bar
• 0.2 "wcd to 500 psid
• 0,5 mbar d to 34,5 bar d
• -180 to 650 ºF
• -117 to 340ºC
Approvals: UL, CSA, CE, TUV
A straight forward device, the current to pneumatic converter produces a pneumatic output signal that is proportional to an electrical control level input signal of 4 to 20 mA or 10 to 50 mA. This provides a useful interface between electronic controllers and pneumatically operated valves, air cylinders, or other air operated control elements.
The Vanguard WirelessHART gas detector is ideal for the monitoring of toxic and combustible gases without the need for costly and fixed wiring. With a five year battery life and one button calibration, the Vanguard detector is easy to operate and maintain.
Each Vanguard detector has a WirelessHART transceiver, an antenna, a display, a long life power module, a gas sensor, and a signal processor for the gas sensor. Vanguard uses a sensor architecture trademarked “Flexsense,” which allows the sensor to identify its target gas and self-configure to a Vanguard transmitter upon connection.
Magnetrol is a globally recognized manufacturer of level and flow measurement instrumentation and devices. Technologies include inferential and direct measurement.
Making the best instrument selection for a flow measurement application should include an assessment of what the operators really need in order to safely and effectively run the process or perform the task related to the measurement of fluid flow.
Habonim Valves & Actuators is a leading manufacturer of ball valves and pneumatic actuators with over 50 years' experience and a worldwide reputation for its high quality, innovation and engineering expertise. Habonim supplies a wide range of 3-piece and flanged ball valves, as well as tailor-made solutions, generating significant cost and space savings for its customers.
Magnetrol International has launched the PULSAR Model R86 Non-Contact Radar transmitter, an advanced level control solution that offers radar technology with improved performance for a wide range of level measurement applications.
The PULSAR Model R86 is designed to provide
outstanding accuracy, reliability and safety for
virtually all process industries.
Utilizing an Aluminum Oxide sensor 600 times more sensitive than conventional sensors
The 8800 series uses field proven aluminum oxide (Al2O3) sensing technology to accurately detect trace moisture on either a continuous or spot checking basis.
Combustion sources such as furnaces and fired
heaters play a critical role in the process industry.
Unfortunately, combustion requires large amounts of
fuel (gas, fuel oil). As a result, combustion efficiency
directly influences the performance and operational
costs of production facilities. However, efficiency is not
the only concern. Compliance and safety are major
challenges as well.
Brooks Instrument manufactures an array of flow, pressure, vacuum and level products for dozens of industries from pharmaceuticals, oil and gas, fuel cell research and chemicals, to medical devices, analytical instrumentation, semiconductor manufacturing.
Product guide for industrial gauges from Ametek U.S. GaugeMiller Energy, Inc.
U.S. Gauge is one of the world's leading suppliers of high quality, competitively priced pressure gauges, diaphragm seals, temperature gauges and thermowell fittings. The product line includes a wide range of gauges, from vacuum pressure to a 23,000 psi gauge pressure device, in single or dual scale dials. Gauge sizes range from 1-1/2 inches to 6 inches, with brass, 316 stainless steel, or Monel internals. USG offers a complete range of options for all the above products, such as a gauge snubber, Sta-Kool cooling element, siphon, over-pressure protector, and much more.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Asco Safety Systems Solenoid Valve Selection Guide
1. A White Paper From ASCO Valve,Inc.
Effective Compliance
with IEC 61508 When
Selecting Solenoid Valves
for Safety Systems
by David Park and George Wahlers
2. Introduction
Regulatory modifications in 2010 have raised important issues in design and use of indus-
trial safety systems. Certain changes in IEC 61508, now being widely implemented, mean
that designers and users who desire full compliance must give new consideration to
topics such as SIL levels and the transition from 1H to 2H methodologies.
In particular, these issues can impact users’ selection of solenoid valves and prepack-
aged redundant control systems (RCS) for implementation in a safety instrumented
system (SIS). Such selections may also be affected by how experienced valve suppliers
are at dealing with complex new compliance methodologies.
These issues are especially applicable to the oil, gas, chemical, and power industries —
in applications such as safety shutdown systems, boilers, furnaces, high-integrity protec-
tion systems (HIPS), and more. They’re of concern to safety engineers and reliability
engineers, as well as to process engineers, engineering executives, and plant managers.
This report will address these issues in developing a compliant SIS using valves and
RCSs. Making the right choices in safety system planning and in valve supplier selection
can affect design time, costs, and effort — as well as the safety of the plant itself.
Safety in process
Every industrial plant must be concerned with risks to its safety, and to the mitigation of
those risks. Safety of process components continues to be of critical importance in light
of periodic industrial disasters such as Buncefield, Deepwater Horizon, and the
November 2013 oil pipeline explosion in Qingdao, China.
Such events naturally draw media attention, and often increase regulatory pressures on
all operations. In plants that actually suffer these or even lesser safety incidents, conse-
quences can include the trouble and costs of process downtime — as well as the para-
2
3. mount considerations of harm to employees, the community, and the environment. Thus
planners at all industrial process operations must avoid complacency on safety issues.
Certified solenoid valves properly used in SISs are important elements of any corporate
risk mitigation strategy.
Evolving standards
IEC 61508, titled “Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic
Safety-Related Systems,” is the accepted international standard that guides selection of
components for industrial safety systems. Its latest revision, explained below, was issued
in 2010.
However, certain provisions of this standard — especially Route 2H, — are only now
becoming widely implemented. In fact, engineering groups at numerous process manu-
facturers are currently wrestling with complexities arising from these issues as they
evolve fresh approaches to adjust to the new standard.
Note that the technicalities may be daunting, as this report itself demonstrates. An
extensive selection of specialized concepts and terms are introduced here (plus their
accompanying initialisms, from SIS, SIL, and SIF to PFDavg, FMEDA, and FIT). All of
these are used in determining correct compliance. Their number and scope give some
indication of the difficulties facing professionals who may not be well versed in this
area of safety practice.
Thus many designers and safety engineers tackling these changes find it helpful to con-
sult a knowledgeable solenoid valve supplier. They report that their supplier’s experts can
help deliver welcome savings in schedules and cost. This allows engineers to devote
more attention to other critical parts of the project.
Evaluating solenoid valve redundancy and SIL
The safety engineer faces numerous challenges in designing an efficient SIS for a given
plant process. He or she must decide what technology should be selected, what level of
risk reduction must be achieved, what architecture is appropriate for the given control
system components, and what testing is required to reach the system’s desired safety
integrity level (SIL). System development includes how frequently diagnostic test are
performed both manually and automatically and is important because frequent testing
may mean system downtime.
3
4. In particular, when selecting crucial technology such as solenoid valves, the engineer
must begin by considering three factors:
1. Architectural constraints dictate the required level of redundancy needed to achieve a
desired SIL level for a given safety instrumented function (SIF). This redundancy is
referred to as the hardware fault tolerance (HFT).
2. A solenoid valve’s average probability of failure on demand (PFDavg) determines the
device’s contribution to the SIF’s overall PFDavg when used with other devices, not its
SIL-capability as a stand-alone device.
3. Does the device possess IEC 61508 certification? Certification indicates that its manu-
facturer’s design, manufacturing, and quality procedures satisfy this IEC standard’s
requirements for the device’s listed SIL capability.
Once the SIF is designed, SIL verification calculations determine if it will provide the
desired risk reduction. For example, the safety engineer may use the following simplified
formula on a single-channel, one out of one (1oo1) SIF with proof test coverage to deter-
mine if the PFDavg meets the desired SIL level:
Consideration of certification is the next step. Devices such as solenoid valves are cate-
gorized as type A devices — “non-complex” mechanisms that possess discrete elements
according to IEC 61508 (2010).
Certification begins with a failure mode effect and diagnostics analysis (FMEDA). This
analysis determines the failures in time (FIT) rates “λ” for different types of failures: safe
detected, safe undetected, dangerous detected, and dangerous undetected. Once these
rates are established, the safe failure fraction (SFF) and PFDavg can be calculated:
4
PFDAVG–1oo1 =
CPT * λDU
* TI
+ (λDD
* MTTR) +
(1 – CPT * λDU
* LT
PFDAVG–1oo1 = Average Probability of Failure on Demand
λDU
= Dangerous Undetected failure rate
λDD
= Dangerous Detected failure rate
TI = Proof Test Interval
MTTR = Mean Time To Restore
CPT = Manual Proof Test Coverage = λDD
/ (λDD
+ λDU
)
LT = Lifetime of the system
2 2
5. 5
IEC 61508 allows two routes to determine a solenoid valve’s SIL capability. The traditional
Route 1H uses FIT rates to calculate a safe failure fraction (SFF) for the given valve. The
SFF can then be used to determine the HFT, which in turn can establish the level of
redundancies required in using this valve, and can show what SIL level the safety func-
tion utilizing this valve would attain.
As part of an effort to reduce ambiguity in failure type definitions, for its 2010 release IEC
61508 altered the SFF formula used in Route 1H. Briefly, “no effect” failures are no longer
a component of safe failures.
This change usually produces a lower SFF in the formula above. If the SFF values drop
below certain thresholds as shown in the table below, a higher HFT than before is
required to achieve desired SIL levels. For example, a valve with an SFF of 75% would be
SIL 3 capable with an HFT of 1. But if the SFF dropped below 60%, the valve would only
be SIL 2 capable with that same HFT of 1.
SFF =
λSD
+ λSU
+ λDD
Failure rate types
λSD
= Safe Detected failure rate
λSU
= Safe Undetected failure rate
λDD
= Dangerous Detected failure rate
λDU
= Dangerous Undetected failure rate
λSD
+ λSU
+ λDD
+ λDU
Type A Subsystem
Safe Failure
Fraction (SFF)
Hardware FaultTolerance (HFT)
0 1 2
< 60% SIL 1 SIL 2 SIL 3
60% to < 90% SIL 2 SIL 3 SIL 4
90% to < 90% SIL 3 SIL 4 SIL 4
≥ 99% SIL 3 SIL 4 SIL 4
Note: An HFT of N means that N+1 faults could
cause a loss of the safety function.
6. 6
Evaluating Routes 1H and 2H
Another major change in the 2010 release of IEC 61508 was the introduction of Route 2H.
This began the process whereby some certifying agencies are phasing out Route 1H
approaches for evaluation of final elements (solenoid valves, actuators, ball valves, etc.).
As with Route 1H, failure rates (λ) are first determined via lab testing or FMEDA calcula-
tion. But instead of SFF and HFT, Route 2H uses the failure rates to determine PFDavg and
HFT for SIL capability.
And perhaps most importantly, Route 2H affirms the failure rates with historical informa-
tion — actual customer field return data on component reliability. In fact, Route 2H can
only be applied if there is sufficient field data to support the failure rates used in the
PFDavg calculations and that a valve is proven in use. If so, this data can be used to
determine SIL levels.
How is that historical data obtained? It’s most often available when dealing with a supplier
who has received validation from leading independent global safety certification sources,
such as Exida or TÜV. Failure rates for numerous ASCO parts and components are sup-
ported by data collected by Exida arising from literally billions of hours of operation.
The paramount advantage of using Route 2H: its higher confidence level. This refers to
the statistical probability that the actual failure rate — λactual — will fall between the
limits λ5% and λ95% (which are at the higher and lower edges of a bell curve, respec-
tively). While Route 1H usually exhibits only 70% confidence, Route 2H typically achieves
90% — promising a 90% certainty that the predicted failures will occur as expected. This
higher confidence is possible due to the support of calculated failure rates by actual field
return data, and the ability to take more uncertainties into account.
Note that Route 1H will still be used for electronic or other complex devices, program-
mable systems, and other devices incorporating diagnostics. Route 2H is applied to
simple or mechanical products such as valves and other final elements.
Nevertheless, industry-wide acceptance of the Route 2H method has been growing
steadily since it was first implemented. Agencies such as exida use the Route 2H
approach for both new and renewed certifications. Some customers have been under-
standably hesitant to adopt it because of existing investments in their systems using
Route 1H. Fortunately, changing from the 1H to the 2H approach makes little or no differ-
ence in certification. We recommend that users become familiar with Route 2H and
understand its significance.
7. 7
Evaluating suppliers
For the safest system design, selecting the right solenoid valve supplier may be as impor-
tant as any of the technical choices discussed above.
Solenoid valves are too critical to be purchased as mere commodities; avoid vendors
who emphasize the lowest price alone. Look instead for a supplier that’s deeply involved
in safety issues, understands what’s involved in setting up a safety system, and has com-
prehensive resources to provide technical support.
Safety certification of valve components can involve considerable complexities for the
supplier. Gravitate toward suppliers who have taken the trouble to obtain such certifica-
tion — and who are validated by independent sources. ASCO possesses the world’s
widest variety of SIL-certified pilot valve solutions. Many of these products have certifi-
cations from both Exida and TÜV international agencies.
Ask the right questions. When you’re evaluating products for an SIS, does a given suppli-
er furnish your required level of local/international service/support? Does it provide a
comprehensive selection, so you can find precisely the products you need?
Conclusion
Safety is a critical requirement for most if not all industrial plants. It’s vital that users keep
up with new developments in regulation and technology within this fast-changing field.
This is particularly true of the ability to make informed decisions on issues such as com-
pliance with IEC 61508, consideration of SIL levels, transition from 1H to 2H, and selecting
solenoid valves.
An experienced solenoid valve supplier that’s knowledgeable about these issues can
serve as a valuable resource for advice and information. Users who stay informed can
ensure compliance and improve savings and process safety.
Takeaways
• IEC 61508 has new methods to determine SIL-capability for valves used
in safety systems.
• Designers and users must consider valve redundancy, SIL levels, and
transition from 1H to 2H certification methodologies
• A valve supplier concerned with and experienced in compliance topics
can remove much of the burden of these issues in safety system design
• Making correct choices can affect design time, costs, and effort, as
well as overall plant safety