The document discusses verb tenses in English and Hindi. It describes how tenses can be classified based on time frame (present, past, future) or aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). It then focuses on the present indefinite tense, providing rules for its identification and examples of its affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures in both English and Hindi sentences. Key details like the addition of 's' for third person singular subjects are also explained.

1. By:- RAVI RANJAN

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Classification based on Time Frame
• Classification based on Aspect
• Block diagram of Tenses
• List of Rules
• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
• List of Examples

3. INTRODUCTION
The word Tense is derived
from latin word “tempus” which
means time. A verb indicates the
time of an action, event or
condition by changing its form.

4. Based on Time frame
The verb tenses may be
categorized according to the time
frame:
•Present Tense
•Past Tense
•Future Tense

6. Present Tense :---
Present tense expresses an unchanging,
repeated, or reoccurring action or situation that
exists only now. It can also represent a
widespread truth.
Past Tense :---
Past tense expresses an action or
situation that was started and finished in the
past.
Future Tense :---
Future tense expresses an action or
situation that will occur in the future.
CONTENTS

7. Based on Aspect
Verb tenses may also be
categorized according to aspect.
Aspect refers to the nature of the
action described by the verb. There
are four aspects:
• Indefinite or Simple
• Continuous or Progressive
• Perfect or Complete
• Perfect Continuous

8. PRESENT TENSE
BY:-
RAVI RANJAN

9. Present Tense is further
divided into four parts
Present
Present Indefinite Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Cont.Tense

10. Present Indefinite
(Simple) Tense
BY:-
RAVI RANJAN

11. WHAT IS PRESENT
INDEFINITE TENSE?
• In Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense, the
action is simply mentioned and there is
nothing said about its completeness. It is
used to express an action which happens
on a regular basis

12. USE OF
Present Indefinite Tense
The simple present is used to
describe an action, an event, or condition
that is occurring in the present, at the
moment of speaking or writing.
For Example—
I play.
He / She plays.

13. Hindi is the way to the end of the
sentence the verb, ta hai, ti hai, te hai ,
ta hu, te hu, ti hu, te ho, and so felt that
the sentence is deemed present
indefinite tense sentence.
IDENTIFICATION OF
Present Indefinite
Tense

14. IDENTIFICATION OF
Present Indefinite Tense in
Hindi
• जिस ह िंदी वाक्य के क्रिया के अिंत में ता ै ,
ती ै , ते ै ,ता ूँ ,ते ूँ ,ती ो , ते ो ,
इत्याहद लगा र े तो उस वाक्य को present
indefinite tense का वाक्य समझा िाता ै.

15. STRACTURE
AFFERMATIVE
• Subject +main verb +s/es +object +other words.
• Example:-
• व सुब िल्दी उठता ै। He gets up early in the morning.
• सयय पवय से निकलता ै। The sun rises in the east.
• मैं स्कल में पढ़ता ूँ। I study in School.
• व कॉलेि में पढ़ता ै। He studies in college.
• कु त्ता भौंकता ै। Dog barks.
• कु त्ते भौंकते ैं। Dogs bark.
• मैं गुिरात में र ता ूँ। I live in Gujarat.
• व अपिे माता-पपता का क िा मािती ै। She obeys her
parents.

16. NOTE:-
• In present indefinite tense, if the subject is
third person singular, ‘s’ or ‘es’ is added
with first form of verb.
• प्रेज़न्ट इन्डेक्रििेट टेन्स में वबय के साथ ''s' या
'es' का प्रयोग तभी करते ैं िब वाक्य का
सब्िेक्ट थडय पसयि ससिंगुलर ो ।

17. PERSON CHART
• What is First person, Second person, and Third person.
Person singular number plural number
• First person I We
• Second person you you
• Third person he, she, it,Name they
• प ला व्यजक्त मैं म लोग
• दसरा व्यजक्त तुम तुम लोग
• तीसरा व्यजक्त व , व (स्री) , वे लोग
िाम

18. STRACTURE
NEGATIVE
• Subject + Do/Does + not + Verb (Ist form) + Object +
other words .
• Example:-
• आररि सच ि ी बोलता ै। Arif does not speak the truth.
• बच्चे शोर ि ी करते ैं। Children do not make a noise.
• मुझे आपका व्यव ार पसिंद ि ी आता ै। I do not shirk work.
• शेर घास ि ी खाता ै। Lion does not eat grass.
• रििी शनिवार को ऑक्रिस ि ी िाती ै। Rajni does not go
to office on Saturday.
• तुम् ें मेरी मदद की िरूरत ि ी ोती ै। You do not need
my help.

19. STRACTURE
INTERROGATIVE
• Do/Does + Subject + Verb (Ist form) + Object + ?
• Example:-
• क्या पक्षी रोि च च ाते ैं? Do birds chirp daily?
• क्या मैं तुम् ारा क िा मािता ूँ? Do I obey you?
• क्या वे मुझसे स मत ै? Do they agree with me?
• क्या आप मुझे प्यार करते ैं? Do you love me?
• क्या व भी आपसे प्यार करता ै? Does he also love you?
• क्या व अपिी पत्िी को मारिा चा ता ै? Does he want to
kill his wife?
• क्या वर्ाय ऋतु में रोि बरसात ोती ै? Does it rain daily in
the rainy season?

20. STRACTURE
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE
• Do/Does + Subject +not + Verb (Ist form) + Object
+ (?)
• Example:-
• क्या पक्षी रोि ि ी च च ाते ैं? Do birds not chirp daily?
• क्या मैं तुम् ारा क िा ि ी मािता ूँ? Do I not obey you?
• क्या वे मुझसे ि ी स मत ै? Do they not agree with me?
• क्या आप मुझे प्यार ि ी करते ैं? Do you not love me?
• क्या व भी आपसे प्यार ि ी करता ै? Does he not also
love you?
• क्या व अपिी पत्िी को ि ी मारिा चा ता ै? Does he not
want to kill his wife?

21. STRACTURE
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
• What
Where
When
How Do/Does + Subject + Verb (Ist form)
Why + Object + (?)
Whom
Who
• Example:-
• पक्षी रोि क्यो च च ाते ैं? Why birds chirp daily?
• दध कौि पसिंद करता ै? Who does like milk?
• मैं तुम् ारा क िा कब मािता ूँ? When Do I obey you?

22. STRACTURE
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN NEGATIVE
• What
Where
When
How Do/Does + Subject +not + Verb
Why (Ist form) + Object + (?)
Whom
Who
• Example:-
• पक्षी रोि क्यो ि ी च च ाते ैं? Why birds not chirp daily?
• दध कौि पसिंद ि ीिं करता ै? Who does not like milk?
• मैं तुम् ारा क िा कब ि ी मािता ूँ? When I not obey you?