Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a condition that results from massive small intestine resection and causes malabsorption, requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and other management. It can be caused by congenital anomalies or acquired conditions requiring intestine removal. Patients with SBS require careful monitoring, optimization of enteral nutrition to promote intestinal adaptation over time, and consideration of procedures or transplantation to improve absorption if nutritional goals cannot be met.