Resonance and natural frequency, uses and precautions nisMichael Marty
A presentation with animated slides about forced oscillations, natural frequency, what happens when forced oscillations match the natural frequency of a bridge and where resonance useful as well as how are oscillations ‘damped’ when they are not wanted.
this slide deals with the basic concepts related to mechanical vibrations for more information you can go through any mechanical vibration book available for engineering students
Sound waves are produced by the vibration of material objects. A disturbance in the form of a longitudinal wave travels away from the vibrating source. High-pitched sounds are produced by sources vibrating at high frequency, while low-pitched sounds are produced by low-frequency sources Sound waves consist of traveling pulses of high-pressure zones, or compression, alternating with pulses of low-pressures zones, or rarefaction. Sound can travel through gases, liquids, and solid, but not through a vacuum.
Resonance and natural frequency, uses and precautions nisMichael Marty
A presentation with animated slides about forced oscillations, natural frequency, what happens when forced oscillations match the natural frequency of a bridge and where resonance useful as well as how are oscillations ‘damped’ when they are not wanted.
this slide deals with the basic concepts related to mechanical vibrations for more information you can go through any mechanical vibration book available for engineering students
Sound waves are produced by the vibration of material objects. A disturbance in the form of a longitudinal wave travels away from the vibrating source. High-pitched sounds are produced by sources vibrating at high frequency, while low-pitched sounds are produced by low-frequency sources Sound waves consist of traveling pulses of high-pressure zones, or compression, alternating with pulses of low-pressures zones, or rarefaction. Sound can travel through gases, liquids, and solid, but not through a vacuum.
Balancing of rigid rotor and balancing of flexible rotor-A ReviewRahul Kshirsagar
The presentation details about types of rigid rotors and flexible rotors used in mechanical systems and experimental method of balancing these rotors to avoid mechanical vibrations.
Vibration isolation is the process of isolating an object, such as a machinery or equipment from the source of vibrations.Vibration is undesirable in most of the mechanical working conditions.
this this slideshare presentation we discussed about difference of vibration system for forced damping here this is having with simple definition and for dynamic of machinery without equation and simple method.
Balancing of rigid rotor and balancing of flexible rotor-A ReviewRahul Kshirsagar
The presentation details about types of rigid rotors and flexible rotors used in mechanical systems and experimental method of balancing these rotors to avoid mechanical vibrations.
Vibration isolation is the process of isolating an object, such as a machinery or equipment from the source of vibrations.Vibration is undesirable in most of the mechanical working conditions.
this this slideshare presentation we discussed about difference of vibration system for forced damping here this is having with simple definition and for dynamic of machinery without equation and simple method.
Para la física, una onda consiste en la propagación de una perturbación de alguna propiedad del espacio, por ejemplo, densidad, presión, campo eléctrico o campo magnético, implicando un transporte de energía sin transporte de materia.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. • Objective
Introduction Of Shock Wave
Definition Of Shock Wave
Normal Shock Wave
Oblique Shock Wave
Over-Expanded Shock Wave
Under-Expanded Shock Wave
3. To Define The Shock Wave Phenomena.
To Study The Shock Wave.
To Discuss The Mach Number,
To Discuss About The Formation Of Shock Wave.
To Discuss About The Over-Expanded & Under
Expanded Flow.
OBJECTIVE
4. A shock wave is produced in any medium (plasma, gas, liquid, or
solid,) as a result of a sudden violent disturbance. to produce a shock
wave in a given region, the disturbance must take place in a shorter
time than the time required for sound wave to transverse the region.
such disturbance occur in steady transonic or supersonic flows, during
explosions, earthquakes, hydraulic jumps, lightening strokes,
detonations, supersonic movement of bodies, power full electric
discharge and contact surface in laboratory devices etc. in fluid
mechanics, a shock wave is a strong pressure wave produced by the
explosions or other phenomena that create violent changes in
pressure.
5. A shock wave is a type of propagating disturbance. An alternative
name for the shock wave is shock front.
Like an ordinary wave, it carries energy and can propagate through a
medium(solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or some cases in the absence of
a material medium, through a field such as the electromagnetic field.
Shock wave is a very thin region in a flow where supersonic flow is
decelerated to subsonic flow the process is adiabatic but non isotropic.
Shock wave are characterized by abrupt nearly discontinuous change
in the characteristics of the medium.
6. The ratio of the speed of a moving object (v) to the speed of sound (c) in a
fluid is known as the Mach number in honor of Ernst Mach (1838-
1916), the Moravian physicist, psychologist, and philosopher who studied
sound and ballistics.
The Mach number is a dimensionless measure of speed common in
aerodynamics. Mach 0.5 is half the speed of sound, Mach 2 is twice the
speed of sound, and so on. Speeds less than the speed of sound have Mach
number between zero and one are described as subsonic. Those greater than
the speed of sound have Mach numbers greater than one are a described as
supersonic. Speeds approximately equal to the speed of sound have Mach
numbers approximately equal to one and are described as transonic.
7. Case (1)-:
Mach number is less than 1 that means subsonic flow.
Case (2)-:
Mach number is equal to 1 that means sonic flow.
Case (3)-:
Mach number is greater than 1 that means supersonic flow.
Ma = V/C ,
Ma = mach number , V= velocity of fluid , C = velocity of sound in fluid,
8. There are three types of shock wave . These are
1. Normal shock wave
2. Oblique shock wave
3. Curved shock wave
9. If the shock wave is perpendicular to the flow direction it is
called a normal shock wave. A normal shock occur in front of
a supersonic object if the flow is turned by a large amount
and the shock cannot remain attached to the body.
10. An oblique shock wave is one that is no perpendicular to the
direction of fluid flow. Such a shock wave arises when a fluid
stream flowing at a supersonic speed moves along a
convergent and divergent boundary.
11.
12. 1 OVER-EXPANDED FLOW-:
for non–isentropic chocked flows through convergence-
divergence duct if the pressure rises downstream of the
duct exit, the flow is considered as over expanded.
13. For non-isentropic chocked flows through convergence-
divergence duct if the pressure drops downstream of the
duct exit, flow is considered as under-expanded.
14. Shock wave find many application in different branches
of science and technology such as explosions,
supersonic flights, geophysics, meterology, plasma
physics , astrophysics etc.
1 Medical application
2 Industrial application
3 Agriculture application
15. (Geoffrey J. Pert), Introductory Fluid Mechanics For
Physicists And Mathematician
Department Of Physics, University Of York, UK
This Edition First Publish 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.
Carrier, G.F(1958). Shock WAVE IN A DUSTY GAS.
J. Fluid Mech.4(04), 376-382.
