IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International journal of engineering and mathematical modelling vol2 no3_2015_1IJEMM
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A weak nonlinear stability analysis has been performed for an oscillatory mode of convection, heat and mass transports in terms of
Nusselt, Sherwood numbers are derived and evaluated by a non$-$autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The porous layer boundaries are heated sinusoidally with time. The basic state temperature is defined in terms of study and oscillatory parts, where study part show nonlinear throughflow effect on the system and time dependant part show modulation effect. The generalized Darcy model is employed for the momentum equation. The disturbances of the flow are expanded in power series of amplitude of modulation, which is assumed to be small and employed using normal mode technics. The effect of vertical throughflow is found to stabilize or destabilize the system depending on its direction. The time relaxation parameter $\lambda_1$ has destabilizing effect, while time retardation parameter $\lambda_2$ has stabilizing effect on the system. Three types of modulations have been analyzed, and found that, OPM, LBMO cases are effective on heat and mass transfer than IPM case. The effects of amplitude and frequency of modulation on heat and mass transports have been analyzed and depicted graphically. The study establishes that the heat and mass transports can be controlled effectively by a mechanism that is external to the system.
IOSR Journal of Mathematics(IOSR-JM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mathemetics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mathematics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Study of Heat Generation and Viscous Dissipation on Mhd Heat And Mass Dif...IOSR Journals
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The present work is devoted to the numerical study of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of heat and mass transfer past a plate taking into account viscous dissipation and internal heat generation. The governing equations and the associated boundary conditions for this analysis are made non dimensional forms using a set of dimensionless variables. Thus, the non dimensional governing equations are solved numerically using finite difference method Crank-Nicolsonâs scheme. Numerical outcomes are found for different values of the magnetic parameter, Modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat generation parameter and Schmidt number for the velocity and the temperature within the boundary layer as well as the skin friction coefficients and the rate of heat and mass transfer along the surface. Results are presented graphically with detailed discussion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
MHD Flow past a Vertical Oscillating Plate with Radiation and Chemical Reacti...iosrjce
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An analysis is performed to study the effect of Thermal radiation and first order Chemical reaction on unsteady natural Convective flow of a viscous incompressible Conducting fluid past over an infinite isothermal vertical oscillating plate in Porous medium. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration are studied for different
parameters like the magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, thermal
Grashof number, Schmidt number, phase angle and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with decreasing magnetic field parameter or radiation parameter. It is also observed that the velocity increases with decreasing magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter and phase angle
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International journal of engineering and mathematical modelling vol2 no3_2015_1IJEMM
Â
A weak nonlinear stability analysis has been performed for an oscillatory mode of convection, heat and mass transports in terms of
Nusselt, Sherwood numbers are derived and evaluated by a non$-$autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The porous layer boundaries are heated sinusoidally with time. The basic state temperature is defined in terms of study and oscillatory parts, where study part show nonlinear throughflow effect on the system and time dependant part show modulation effect. The generalized Darcy model is employed for the momentum equation. The disturbances of the flow are expanded in power series of amplitude of modulation, which is assumed to be small and employed using normal mode technics. The effect of vertical throughflow is found to stabilize or destabilize the system depending on its direction. The time relaxation parameter $\lambda_1$ has destabilizing effect, while time retardation parameter $\lambda_2$ has stabilizing effect on the system. Three types of modulations have been analyzed, and found that, OPM, LBMO cases are effective on heat and mass transfer than IPM case. The effects of amplitude and frequency of modulation on heat and mass transports have been analyzed and depicted graphically. The study establishes that the heat and mass transports can be controlled effectively by a mechanism that is external to the system.
IOSR Journal of Mathematics(IOSR-JM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mathemetics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mathematics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Study of Heat Generation and Viscous Dissipation on Mhd Heat And Mass Dif...IOSR Journals
Â
The present work is devoted to the numerical study of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of heat and mass transfer past a plate taking into account viscous dissipation and internal heat generation. The governing equations and the associated boundary conditions for this analysis are made non dimensional forms using a set of dimensionless variables. Thus, the non dimensional governing equations are solved numerically using finite difference method Crank-Nicolsonâs scheme. Numerical outcomes are found for different values of the magnetic parameter, Modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat generation parameter and Schmidt number for the velocity and the temperature within the boundary layer as well as the skin friction coefficients and the rate of heat and mass transfer along the surface. Results are presented graphically with detailed discussion.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
MHD Flow past a Vertical Oscillating Plate with Radiation and Chemical Reacti...iosrjce
Â
An analysis is performed to study the effect of Thermal radiation and first order Chemical reaction on unsteady natural Convective flow of a viscous incompressible Conducting fluid past over an infinite isothermal vertical oscillating plate in Porous medium. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration are studied for different
parameters like the magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, thermal
Grashof number, Schmidt number, phase angle and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with decreasing magnetic field parameter or radiation parameter. It is also observed that the velocity increases with decreasing magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter and phase angle
Solution of MHD Effect on Transient Free Convection Flow past a Vertical Plat...iosrjce
Â
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Non-Darcy Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Vertical Channel with C...IJERA Editor
Â
In this paper, We made an attempt to study thermo-diffusion and dissipation effect on non-Darcy convective
heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel with Radiation and
heat sources. The governing equations of flow, heat and mass transfer are solved by using regular perturbation
method with δ, the porosity parameter as a perturbation parameter. The velocity, temperature, concentration,
shear stress and rate of Heat and Mass transfer are evaluated numerically for different variations of parameter.
Effect of Chemical Reaction and Radiation Absorption on Unsteady Convective H...IJMER
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and AssessmentâŚ. And many more.
Effect of Radiation and Thermo-Diffusion on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer...inventionjournals
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International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokesâ second problem for unsteady second...IJERA Editor
Â
In this paper, we investigated the combined effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokesâ second problem for
unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the
temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and
temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.
article motion near the wall of a fluidized bed at elevated pressureIgor Sidorenko
Â
Sidorenko, I., Looi, A. Y., & Rhodes, M. J. (2004) Particle motion near the wall of a fluidized bed at elevated pressure. Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, 43, 5562-5570.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
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International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
MHD Chemically Reacting and Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Cone Emb...IJLT EMAS
Â
In this study, we examine the combined effects of
thermal radiation, chemical reaction on MHD hydromagnetic
boundary layer flow over a vertical cone filled with nanofluid
saturated porous medium under variable properties. The
governing flow, heat and mass transfer equations are
transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity
variables and are solved numerically by a Galerkin Finite
element method. Numerical results are obtained for
dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume
fraction, as well as the skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood
number for the different values of the pertinent parameters
entered into the problem. The effects of various controlling
parameters on these quantities are investigated. Pertinent
results are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively.
The present results are compared with existing results and found
to be good agreement. It is found that the temperature of the
fluid remarkably enhances with the rising values of Brownian
motion parameter (Nb).
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
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The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter ďĽ . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
Unsteady MHD Flow Past A Semi-Infinite Vertical Plate With Heat Source/ Sink:...IJERA Editor
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In the present paper a numerical attempt is made to study the combined effects of heat source and sink on unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid along a semiinfinite vertical plate. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the flow. The governing boundary layer equations are solved numerically, using Crank-Nicolson method. Graphical results of velocity and temperature fields, tabular values of Skin-friction and Nusselt are presented and discussed at various parametric conditions. From this study, it is found that the velocity and temperature of the fluid increase in the presence of heat source but they decrease in the presence of heat absorption parameter.
Moving Lids Direction Effects on MHD Mixed Convection in a Two-Sided Lid-Driv...A Behzadmehr
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Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Cuâwater nanofluid inside a two-sided lid-driven square enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated sidewalls has been investigated numerically. The effects of moving lids direction, variations of Richardson number, Hartmann number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature fields have been studied. The obtained results show that for a constant Grashof number (), the rate of heat transfer increases with a decrease in the Richardson and Hartmann numbers. Furthermore, an increase of the volume fraction of nanoparticles may result in enhancement or deterioration of the heat transfer performance depending on the value of the Hartmann and Richardson numbers and the configuration of the moving lids. Also, it is found that in the presence of magnetic field, the nanoparticles have their maximum positive effect when the top lid moves rightward and the bottom one moves leftward.
Solution of MHD Effect on Transient Free Convection Flow past a Vertical Plat...iosrjce
Â
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Non-Darcy Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Vertical Channel with C...IJERA Editor
Â
In this paper, We made an attempt to study thermo-diffusion and dissipation effect on non-Darcy convective
heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel with Radiation and
heat sources. The governing equations of flow, heat and mass transfer are solved by using regular perturbation
method with δ, the porosity parameter as a perturbation parameter. The velocity, temperature, concentration,
shear stress and rate of Heat and Mass transfer are evaluated numerically for different variations of parameter.
Effect of Chemical Reaction and Radiation Absorption on Unsteady Convective H...IJMER
Â
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and AssessmentâŚ. And many more.
Effect of Radiation and Thermo-Diffusion on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer...inventionjournals
Â
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokesâ second problem for unsteady second...IJERA Editor
Â
In this paper, we investigated the combined effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokesâ second problem for
unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the
temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and
temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.
article motion near the wall of a fluidized bed at elevated pressureIgor Sidorenko
Â
Sidorenko, I., Looi, A. Y., & Rhodes, M. J. (2004) Particle motion near the wall of a fluidized bed at elevated pressure. Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, 43, 5562-5570.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
Â
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
MHD Chemically Reacting and Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Cone Emb...IJLT EMAS
Â
In this study, we examine the combined effects of
thermal radiation, chemical reaction on MHD hydromagnetic
boundary layer flow over a vertical cone filled with nanofluid
saturated porous medium under variable properties. The
governing flow, heat and mass transfer equations are
transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity
variables and are solved numerically by a Galerkin Finite
element method. Numerical results are obtained for
dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume
fraction, as well as the skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood
number for the different values of the pertinent parameters
entered into the problem. The effects of various controlling
parameters on these quantities are investigated. Pertinent
results are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively.
The present results are compared with existing results and found
to be good agreement. It is found that the temperature of the
fluid remarkably enhances with the rising values of Brownian
motion parameter (Nb).
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
Â
The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter ďĽ . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
Unsteady MHD Flow Past A Semi-Infinite Vertical Plate With Heat Source/ Sink:...IJERA Editor
Â
In the present paper a numerical attempt is made to study the combined effects of heat source and sink on unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid along a semiinfinite vertical plate. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the flow. The governing boundary layer equations are solved numerically, using Crank-Nicolson method. Graphical results of velocity and temperature fields, tabular values of Skin-friction and Nusselt are presented and discussed at various parametric conditions. From this study, it is found that the velocity and temperature of the fluid increase in the presence of heat source but they decrease in the presence of heat absorption parameter.
Moving Lids Direction Effects on MHD Mixed Convection in a Two-Sided Lid-Driv...A Behzadmehr
Â
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Cuâwater nanofluid inside a two-sided lid-driven square enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated sidewalls has been investigated numerically. The effects of moving lids direction, variations of Richardson number, Hartmann number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature fields have been studied. The obtained results show that for a constant Grashof number (), the rate of heat transfer increases with a decrease in the Richardson and Hartmann numbers. Furthermore, an increase of the volume fraction of nanoparticles may result in enhancement or deterioration of the heat transfer performance depending on the value of the Hartmann and Richardson numbers and the configuration of the moving lids. Also, it is found that in the presence of magnetic field, the nanoparticles have their maximum positive effect when the top lid moves rightward and the bottom one moves leftward.
The role of strain rate in the dynamic response of materialsAI Publications
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We start with the response of ductile materials. To understand the response of these materials to fast dynamic loadings, we introduce two approaches to dynamic viscoplasticity. These are the flowstress approach and the overstress approach, and strain rate has different roles with these two approaches. At very high loading rates the flowstress approach implies very high strength, which is hard to explain by microscale considerations, while the overstress approach does not.We then demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach by applying the two approaches to the elastic precursor decay problem. Next use the overstress approach to treat the following problems: 1) the 4th power law response in steady flow of ductile materials; 2) high rate stress upturn (HRSU) of ductile materials; and 3) HRSU of brittle materials. With these examples we demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach over the flowstress approach. It follows that HRSU means High (strain) Rate Stress Upturn and not High Rate Strength Upturn, as would follow from using the flowstress approach.
The cutting-edge applications that the engineers are bringing with using finite element procedure for the human civilization and the emergence of new techniques in solving real-life scenarios in finite element procedures.
Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior ...SĂŠrgio Sacani
Â
The effects of hydrocarbon reactions and diamond precipitation
on the internal structure and evolution of icy giant planets
such as Neptune and Uranus have been discussed for more than
three decades1. Inside these celestial bodies, simple hydrocarbons
such as methane, which are highly abundant in the atmospheres2,
are believed to undergo structural transitions3,4 that
release hydrogen from deeper layers and may lead to compact
stratified cores5â7. Indeed, from the surface towards the core,
the isentropes of Uranus and Neptune intersect a temperatureâ
pressure regime in which methane first transforms into a
mixture of hydrocarbon polymers8, whereas, in deeper layers, a
phase separation into diamond and hydrogen may be possible.
Here we show experimental evidence for this phase separation
process obtained by in situ X-ray diffraction from polystyrene
(C8H8)n samples dynamically compressed to conditions around
150 GPa and 5,000 K; these conditions resemble the environment
around 10,000 km below the surfaces of Neptune and
Uranus9. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of high pressures
for initiating carbonâhydrogen separation3 and imply
that diamond precipitation may require pressures about ten
times as high as previously indicated by static compression
experiments4,8,10. Our results will inform massâradius relationships
of carbon-bearing exoplanets11, provide constraints for
their internal layer structure and improve evolutionary models
of Uranus and Neptune, in which carbonâhydrogen separation
could influence the convective heat transport7.
Analogous to Maxwell stress tensor in electric and magnetic fields, a stress tensor is defined in a vorticity field. Thus by treating vortices as physical structures, it is possible to study the forces on a surface element in it. Based on this the force between vortex lines, the pressure and the shearing stress that deform the volume element can also be defined.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
Â
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Â
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder â active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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đĽ Speed, accuracy, and scaling â discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Miningâ˘:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing â with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs â GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
đ¨âđŤ Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
đŠâđŤ Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
Â
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
⢠The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
⢠Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
⢠Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
⢠Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Â
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Â
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projectsâ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, youâre in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part âEssentials of Automationâ series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Hereâs what youâll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
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Shock wave compression of condensed matter
1. Chapter 1
Introduction to Shock Wave Physics
of Condensed Matter
1.1 Introduction
The scientific field of shock wave physics uses information from a number
of sub-fields, such as hydrodynamics, continuum mechanics, thermodynamics,
electrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Information is presented from these
sub-fields, as needed. The reader is responsible for background reading in these
sub-fields for further understanding.
1.2 General Assumptions
Unless otherwise stated one-dimensional (1-D) plane shock waves in a
continuum fluid will be assumed. Solids will be treated in a separate chapter.
Addressing fluids allows the basic physics and hydrodynamics to be illustrated
simply. Plane geometry is selected, because cylindrical and spherical waves have
a natural geometric attenuation term, which makes the treatment more difficult.
In 1-D plane continuum mechanics state parameters such as pressure P,
temperature T, and particle velocity u are the same across the entire planar wave
front. In other words, at a given x the state parameters are the same for all (y, z)
points. The wave propagates only in the + x or x direction. Only isotropic solids
under dynamic loading are treated in this primer book. It is assumed that no external
energy source exists.
Unless noted, it is assumed that the shocked material is in thermodynamic
equilibrium. This implies time is not part of the materialâs constitutive relationship.
In other words, all material processes in shock waves occur almost instantaneously
relative to nanosecond times. Therefore, continuum mechanics and thermodynamic
treatments are valid. In fact, material science models and treatments are generally
valid for shocked material where equilibrium exists. However, material time
dependence and strain rate issues have to be dealt with in some specific materials.
J.W. Forbes, Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter,
Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32535-9_1,
# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
1
2. When equilibrium is not achieved in all parameters (stress, volume, temperature,
pressure), then a time-dependent material and hydrodynamic flow treatment is
required. Time dependent material properties will be discussed near the end of
the book. The 1-D differential conservation equations for mass, momentum, and
energy are derived early in the book to use in showing the uniqueness and simplicity
of steady shock wave conservation laws and the wave front rise-time significance.
Knowing a shock wave is steady defines the linear P-v compression path without
knowing the physical mechanisms, which is not scientifically satisfying, so efforts
continue on revealing these physical mechanisms.
1.3 Brief History of Shock Field in the United States of America
Twenty-one papers [1] on shock waves in condensed matter were presented at the
1947 American Physical Society meeting in Washington, DC. A majority of these
papers were on the properties of shock waves in water and were presented by
Navy scientists including Sigmund Jacobs. Cornell University scientists Hans
Bethe, J. G. Kirkwood and S. Brinkley presented theoretical shock wave papers
at this meeting. However, the shock wave field did not gain acceptance as a
scientific discipline until the mid 1950s after the publication of a paper by Bancroft,
Petersen and Minshall [2] from Los Alamos on the phase transformation in iron
under shock compression. They observed when iron was shocked above 130 kbar
(say 200 kbar) that three shock waves propagated through the iron. The first was the
elastic shock about 12 kbar, the second was at 130 kbar, which they suggested was
due to the phase transformation in iron seen in static work of Bridgman [3], and the
third one a plastic shock taking the material to its final stress. Bridgmanâs reported
transition pressure was higher than 130 kbar, but it was confirmed later that the
phase transition stress actually was the stress measured for the second shock wave.
Accurate determination of transition pressures of rapid negative volume phase
transformations allowed the shock wave field to accurately determine a high
pressure calibration scale.
Nobel prize winner and pioneer of high pressure static physics P. Bridgman
claimed that this transition did not occur at 130 kbar in his static press [4]. He also
reasoned that there just was not enough time for this transformation to occur in
shock waves. This comment was based on his static work where it took many hours
and sometimes days before iron transformed. The shock wave people also were not
sure why the transformation occurred so fast. They suggested that the shear forces
in shock waves may dramatically increase the rate of transformation. Bridgman
decided to check the pressure scale he was using and found it was incorrect. He then
performed an experiment with increased force to his compression cell and found
that the transition occurred but took days. Bridgman then conducted an experiment
where he added shear stresses to his iron sample at pressures exceeding 130 kbar.
To his surprise the iron transformation occurred within seconds. He was then
convinced that the shock data was correct. However, the physical mechanism for
2 1 Introduction to Shock Wave Physics of Condensed Matter
3. the transition was not understood, which is still true today. This highly publicized
controversy launched the shock field as a true sub-field of high pressure science.
The well developed experimental and theoretical science was presented to the
physics community at large in the 1958 paper by Los Alamos scientists Rice,
Walsh, and McQueen [5]. The experiments were based on a precisely controlled
high explosive technology [6]. A review of many shock wave subjects is presented
in High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids [7], eds. Asay and Shahinpoor,
Springer-Verlag, 1993.
For more details of the history of shock wave physics in the United States, read
J. W. Taylor [8], R. A. Graham [4] and J. W. Forbes [1].
1.4 Practical Value of Shock Field
Material equations of state and material constitutive relationships require informa-
tion from mechanics, static compression, yield surfaces, shock wave data, etc. The
information obtained from shock wave experiments and theory are limited to high
strain rates. Information not dependent on strain rates can come from many sources
other than shock wave experiments. However, there are some unique things that
come from shock wave experiments, such as the very high pressure thermodynamic
P-v curve called a Hugoniot, which is relatable to other thermodynamic paths such
as isotherms and isentropes. Accuracy of 1-D plane experiments is very good,
resulting in P-v data with typical accuracy of 3 %. Stresses greater than
10 Mbar with good accuracy are achievable (three times greater than pressures at
the earthâs core). This data is clearly important to material scientists, theorists,
geophysicists and astrophysicists. Such data provides a test of accuracy of molecu-
lar potentials over large compressions and helps to determine the physical state and
chemical makeup of the earthâs core. New experimental techniques are becoming
available for the study of materials at extreme states where materials become
plasmas. An excellent review [9] was recently done on this field known as High-
Energy-Density Physics. This new extreme states technical field offers a window
into stellar processes, approaches to obtain fusion as an energy source, and world
security by understanding nuclear weapons without testing.
Shock wave studies can easily and accurately detect rapid negative volume
phase transitions, which has allowed a high pressure standard for static work to
be developed. This data is used by condensed matter physicists and material
engineers to make metastable materials such as the production of industrial small
diamonds, due to very fast temperature quench rates. It is also the basis for
understanding explosive detonation waves, which will be treated in some detail in
this book.
The pressure scale used for static high pressure work was not well developed in
the 1950s. With shock wave data, an accurate pressure scale was developed up to
tens of Mbar. This was a very important contribution to high pressure science. The
establishment of this pressure scale was done by measuring phase transformation
1.4 Practical Value of Shock Field 3
4. stress levels on different shocked materials. To calibrate a static piston press for
measuring pressure, the materials known to undergo phase transformations in the
shock work were compressed until they transformed in the static press. The changes
in volume or compression were measured as a function of piston displacement
assuming no deformation of the press parts. This allowed making a calibration
curve of pressure versus piston displacement for their particular apparatus. How-
ever, at high pressures the piston and sample cell in a static press change volume
and diameter in unknown amounts above yield strengths so calculating pressure as
force applied over original area of piston was not accurate. Following the shock
wave transition pressures of a number of materials, the static calibration was done
for each press by finding the displacement that the transition occurred at and
mapping out a specific displacement versus pressure relationship for each static
press. More recently Raman shifts versus stress in ruby and other crystals have been
accurately measured as a function of stress [7]. This allows a small ruby chip to be
inserted in the cell filled with fluid material surrounding the test sample. Measure-
ment of the rubyâs shift in Raman spectra gives accurate pressure in the fluid of
the cell. This is widely used in the small diamond anvil static pressure cells.
1.5 Techniques for Producing 1-D Plane Shock Waves
The original experiments (reviewed in Chap. 4) to produce 1-D plane shock waves
in test materials used explosive shock driver systems. These experiments consisted
of a detonator to initiate an explosive plane wave booster (PWB) that transmitted a
strong detonation shock wave into a flat disc of a driver explosive. The driver
explosive with a characteristic pressure (C-J pressure) would have an inert buffer
(usually metal) against it with the test samples on top of this buffer plate. The
detonation shock wave from the PWB thus results in a strong plane 1-D shock wave
being transmitted to the test sample. This technique is still used today for select high
pressure experiments. Most of the shock wave equation of state data has been
generated using such an explosive system. Note also that with proper design
the metal buffer plate can become a flying plate, which impacts samples set a
distance above the plate. Only a small range of induced stresses is available for any
one explosive design, which is a limitation. It is important to note that the physical
scale of the produced planar shock wave in a test sample is a few centimeters in
diameter for these explosive systems.
To overcome the limited control of the range of stress available for experiments,
flat ended projectiles propelled by light gas guns or explosive powder driven guns
were created. These are devices that accelerate flat plates with sabots on the back
into stationary test samples. The selection of impact velocity and therefore impact
stress in the test sample is a continuum for the range of the guns capability. This has
obvious advantages over the limited stress ranges of the explosive systems, espe-
cially at lower stresses. Again the physical scale of the produced shock wave in a
test sample is a few centimeters.
4 1 Introduction to Shock Wave Physics of Condensed Matter
5. A high powered pulse laser can create large pressures in samples by ablating the
surface of a material, causing a shock wave to be transmitted through it into a test
sample. Since pressure/stress is a function of area, lasers can reach high stresses for
small areas and short pulse widths. This is an emerging technique in the field of
shock wave physics since many experiments can be done on a table top in a research
laboratory. To reach very extreme states large laser facilities are being used. There
are issues of time and space scale that need to be addressed, and more on this will be
given later in this book.
1.6 Dynamic Versus Static Compression
Static and dynamic compression are not equivalent due to the high strain rate,
viscous forces, energy scattering and shear forces in a 1-D plane shock wave. The
strain rate in a steady shock wave is the highest strain rate possible for that material
to have in an equilibrium situation. Shock waves compress materials in fractions of
a microsecond putting energy directly into atoms and molecules. Shock waves also
create defects in materials, which increases entropy. The physical mechanism has
not been determined to date for energy scattering that keeps the shock compression
path for steady waves on a linear P-v path called the Rayleigh line. It will be shown
that just the condition of a wave being steady in a continuum media is all that is
required for proving the shock P-v curve is along a straight line without knowing
the physical mechanism.
A major issue for shock physics is the inability to measure continuum tempera-
ture in a shocked solid. So average temperatures are calculated from continuum
thermodynamics. Clearly the static data is obtained at known or measurable
temperatures. Another issue for shock waves is determining the physical mecha-
nism for energy scattering and phase transitions. These issues will be addressed
later in the book.
1.7 Select Areas of Shock Wave Research
A broad range of topics make up shock wave research. They are broadly based
around thermodynamic properties, experimental techniques for dynamic loading,
Geophysics and Planetary Science, inelastic deformation, fracture and spall,
continuum and multi scale modeling, first principal and molecular dynamics
calculations, phase transitions, physics and chemistry at high pressure, spectros-
copy and optical studies, nanomaterials, and detonation of explosives. A good
example of these areas is given in the Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
proceedings of the American Physical Societyâs Shock Compression of Condensed
Matter Topical Group meetings proceedings that are listed in the references. A
select list of references for specific subjects are given in this chapterâs references
1.7 Select Areas of Shock Wave Research 5
6. 1.8 What Does a Shock Wave in Condensed Matter Look Like?
One of the advances in the field of shock wave physics has been the use of proton
beams to produce radiographs of shocks and detonation waves in condensed matter
[10â12]. Visualizing a shock wave propagating in condensed matter has been
presented as a wave traveling inside the material with an almost instantaneous
rise in pressure. These have typically been depicted by line drawings showing such
a wave profile as a function of pressure and time. After getting acclimated to this
technical field, these line drawings are adequate to convey the basic properties of a
shock wave. However, with the use of accurate proton photography, it is now
possible to see in snap shots of density difference in a shocked sample what a
shock wave looks like as it travels through a sample. If you send protons through the
radial direction of two static cylinders of different density the radiographic films
have different image densities. If this density change is along a one-dimensional
(1-D) plane due to a shock wave, a similar record will be obtained. If a series of
fast exposures occurs the propagation of the 1-D shock down a cylinder in the
x direction that is perpendicular to the proton beam then shock velocity and density
as a function of x direction can be accurately determined. Figure 1.1 shows a flat
flyer plate impacting a stationary flat aluminum plate. These plates have milliradian
tilt between them so that 1-D compression occurs due to the shock wave. The shock
wave front for different times are clearly seen in this figure. The densities at
positions along the axis of the cylinder can be obtained within 1 % accuracy,
making this a useful diagnostic for shock wave research.
Radiographic images of a detonation shock wave allow the detonation process to
be studied. Figure 1.2 shows a special case where two PBX 9502 cylinders of the
same size are placed end to end with identical initiation systems of a SE-1 detonator
and a booster cylinder of PBX 9501. These two cylinder charges are detonated at
the same time, and the wave propagation, density, and interaction of these two
detonation waves as they collide near the mid-length of the cylinders are measured.
Just after the detonation waves collide the pressure and density in between the two
separating wave fronts are very high, because of the non-linearity of the explosive
detonation products pressure-volume properties.
There are hundreds of x-ray radiographs of shock wave phenomena of solids and
detonation characteristics of explosives produced by the previously active pulsed
high-energy radiographic machine (PHERMIX) [13, 14]. These radiographs gave
information on complicated hydrodynamic flow in various multidimensional shock
loading experiments. For detonation waves, pictures of waves turning corners with
regions of explosive not reacting, and radiographs showing how explosives can be
desensitized by preshocking with a stress below the initiation threshold, and then a
second following shock with stress above the initiation threshold was unable to
initiate detonation.
6 1 Introduction to Shock Wave Physics of Condensed Matter
7. Fig. 1.1 Proton beam radiographs of shocked aluminum at three different times for an aluminum
plate impacting an aluminum sample [10, 11]. The arrows indicate the shock fronts
12.7
50
50
50
50.8
9502
9502
9501
12.7
9501
9407
SE-1
9407
1
-
E
S
Dimensions
in mm
a
b
Fig. 1.2 Colliding detonation waves (a) experimental configuration, (b) four proton radiograph
pictures before detonation wave collision and after detonation waves collide [12]. State A is ahead
of the detonation wave, B and C are behind the detonation front. State D is material that has been
detonated, released to state C
1.8 What Does a Shock Wave in Condensed Matter Look Like? 7
8. References
1. J.W. Forbes, The history of the APS topical group on shock compression of condensed matter,
in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter â 2001. AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 620
(American Institute of Physics, Melville, 2002), pp. 11â19
2. D. Bancroft, E.L. Petersen, S. Minshall, Polymorphism of iron at high pressure. J. Appl. Phys.
27(3), 291 (1956)
3. P.W. Bridgman, High pressure polymorphism of iron, Letter to Editor. J. Appl. Phys. 27, 659
(1956)
4. R.A. Graham, Bridgmanâs concern, in High-Pressure Science and Technology â 1993. AIP
Conference Proceedings, vol. 309 (AIP Press, New York, 1994), pp. 3â12
5. M.H. Rice, R.G. McQueen, J.M. Walsh, Solid State Physics, vol. VI (Academic, New York,
1958), pp. 1â63
6. W.E. Deal Jr., Dynamic high pressure techniques, in Modern High Pressure Techniques, ed. by
R.H. Wentorf Jr. (Butterworths, Washington, DC, 1962), pp. 200â227
7. J.R. Asay, S. Mohsen (eds.), High Pressure Shock Compression of Solids (Springer Verlag,
New York, 1993)
8. J.W. Taylor, Thunder in the mountains, in Shock Waves in Condensed Matter-1983 (Elsevier
Science, New York, 1984), pp. 3â15
9. R.P. Drake, High-energy-density physics. Physics Today June, 28â33 (2010)
10. P.A. Rigg, C.L. Schwartz, R.S. Hixson, G.E. Hogan, K.K. Kwiatkowski, F.G. Mariam,
M. Marr-Lyon, F.E. Merrill, C.L. Morris, P. Rightly, A. Saunders, D. Tuba, Proton radiogra-
phy and accurate density measurements: A window into shock wave processes. Phys. Rev.
B 77, 220101(R) (2008)
11. P.A. Rigg, C.L. Schwartz, R.S. Hixson, F.E. Merrill, C.L. Morris, A. Saunders, pRad Team,
Direct shock density measurements using plate impact and proton radiography, LA-UR-07-
1672. Presentation at TMS 2008 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 9â13 March 2008
12. E.N. Ferm, S. Dennison, R. Lopez, K. Prestridge, J.P. Quintana, C. Espinoza, G. Hogan,
N. King, J.D. Lopez, F. Merrill, K. Morley, C.L. Morris, P. Pazuchanis, A. Saunders,
S.A. Baker, R. Liljestrand, R.T. Thompson, Proton radiography experiments on shocked
high explosive products. in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-2003, AIP Conference
Proceedings. 706, 2004 and Presentation at meeting, LA-UR-03-9219, p. 839
13. C.L. Mader (ed.), LASL PHERMIX, vol. IâIII (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980)
14. R.D. Dick, Pulsed high-energy radiographic machine emitting x-rays (PHERMIX):
Applications to study high-pressure flow and detonation waves. in Proceedings of SPIE,
Vol 312, 1st European Conference on Cineradiography with Photons or Particles, Paris,
18â21 May 1983
Hugoniots of Inert/Unreacted Material
R.A. Kinslow (ed.), High-Velocity Impact Phenomena (Academic, New York, 1970)
S.P. Marsh (ed.), LASL Shock Hugoniot Data (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980)
R.G. McQueen, S.P. Marsh, J.W. Taylor, J.N. Fritz, W.J. Carter, The equation of state of solids
from shock wave studies, in High-Velocity Impact Phenomena, ed. by R. Kinslow (Academic,
New York, 1970). Has thermodynamic parameters in Appendices of many materials
M. Van Thiel, Compendium of Shock Wave Data, LLNL report UCRL-50108, June 1971
R.F. Trunin, Experimental Data on Shock Compression and Adiabatic Expansion of Condensed
Matter (RFNC-VNIEF, Sarov, 2001)
8 1 Introduction to Shock Wave Physics of Condensed Matter
9. General References
L.V. Alâtschuler, Use of shock waves in high-pressure physics. Sov. Phys. Usp. 8(1), 52â91
(1965). JulyâAugust 1965
S.S. Batsanov, Effects of Explosion on Materials: Modification and Synthesis Under High-
Pressure Shock Compression (Springer, New York, 1994)
A.V. Bushman, G.I. Kanel, A.L. Ni, V.E. Fortov, Intense dynamic loading of condensed matter.
Institute of Chemical Physics, USSR Academy of Science, 1988, (trans: English by S. Chomet,
and English version J. Shaner (ed.)). Taylor and Francis, London (1993)
L.C. Chhabildas, L. Davison, Y. Horie (eds.), The Science of High-Velocity Impact (Springer,
New York, 2005)
R. Courant, K.O. Friedrichs, Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves (Springer, Berlin, 1976)
A.N. Dremin, Toward Detonation Theory (Springer, New York, 1999)
D.S. Drumheller, Introduction to Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Fluids and Solids (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1998)
G.E. Duvall, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 52, 869 (1962)
G.E. Duvall, Shock waves in solids, in Shock Metamorphism of Natural Materials, ed. by
B.M. French, N.M. Short (Mono Book Corporation, Baltimore, 1968)
G.E. Duvall, Shock waves in condensed media, in Physics of High Energy Density (Academic,
New York, 1971)
G.E. Duvall, G.R. Fowles, in High Pressure Physics and Chemistry, ed. by R.S. Bradley, vol. 2
(Academic, New York, 1963)
V.E. Fortov, L.V. Alâtshuler, R.F. Trunin, A.I. Funtikov, Shock Waves and Extreme States of
Matter (Springer, New York, 2004)
D. Grady, Fragmentation of Rings and Shells: The Legacy of N. F. Mott (Springer, Berlin/New
York, 2006)
R. Graham, Solids Under High-Pressure Shock Compression Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry
(Springer, New York, 1993)
Y. Horie, L. Davison, N. Thadhani, High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids VI: Old
Paradigms and New Challenges (Springer, New York, 2003)
J.N. Johnson, R. Cheret (eds.), Classic Papers in Shock Compression Science (Springer,
New York, 1998)
G.I. Kanel, S.V. Razorenov, V.E. Fortov, Shock-Wave Phenomena and the Properties of
Condensed Matter (Springer, New York, 2004)
R.G. McQueen, S.P. Marsh, J.W. Taylor, J.N. Fritz, W.J. Carter, The equation of state of solids
from shock wave studies, in High-Velocity Impact Phenomena, ed. by R. Kinslow (Academic
Press, New York, 1970)
M.A. Meyers, Dynamic Behavior of Materials (Wiley, New York, 1994)
W.J. Nellis, Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, vol 18, (Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. 1997), p. 541
V.F. Nesterenko, Dynamics of Heterogeneous Materials (Springer, New York, 2001)
M.H. Rice, R.G. McQueen, J.M. Walsh, Solid State Physics, vol. VI (Academic, New York, 1958),
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A.B. Sawaoka (ed.), Shock Waves in Material Science (Springer, Tokyo/New York, 1993)
I.C. Skidmore, An introduction to shock waves in solids. Appl. Mater. Res. 4, 131â147 (1965)
M. Suceska, Test Methods for Explosives (Springer, New York, 1995)
R.F. Trunin, Shock Compression of Condensed Materials (Cambridge University Press,
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Y.B. Zeldovich, Y.P. Raizer, Physics of Shock Waves and High Temperature Hydrodynamic
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J.A. Zukas, W.P. Walters (eds.), Explosive Effects and Applications (Springer, New York, 1998)
References 9
10. Springer Series: Shock Waves and High Pressure Phenomena
T. Antoun, D.R. Curran, G.I. Kanel, S.V. Razorenov, A. Utikin, Spall Fracture (Springer,
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R. ChereĚt, Detonation of Condensed Explosives (Springer, New York, 1993)
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Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter Conference
Proceedings
M. Elert, M.D. Furnish, R. Chau, N. Holmes, J. Nguyen (eds.), Shock Compression of Condensed
Matter â 2007, Waikoloa, Hawaiâi (AIP #955, New York, 2007)
M.L. Elert, W.T. Buttler, M. Furnish, W.W. Anderson, W.G. Proud (eds.), Shock Compression of
Condensed Matter â 2009, Nashville (AIP# 1195, New York, 2009)
M.L. Elert, W.T. Buttler, J.P. Borg, J.L. Jordan, T.J. Vogler (eds.), Shock Compression
of Condensed Matter â 2011. AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1426 (American Institute of
Physics, Melville, 2012)
M.D. Furnish, L.C. Chhabildas, R.S. Hixon (eds.), Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-1999,
Snowbird (AIP #505, New York, 2000)
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