Shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by low blood pressure and lack of adequate blood flow and oxygen to tissues. There are several types of shock including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock. Symptoms of shock include low blood pressure, rapid pulse, rapid breathing, weakness, and altered mental state. Immediate treatment is needed to prevent death from shock.

1. BY
NATASHA PURI

2.  WHAT IS SHOCK
 HOW IT CAN BE DIAGNOSE
 TYPES OF SHOCK
 EXPLANATION
 CAUTION

3.  Shock is a life threatening condition
characterized by hypotension.
 Shock is defined as a state of cellular and
tissue hypoxia due to either reduced oxygen
delivery, increased oxygen consumption,
inadequate oxygen utilization, or a
combination of these processes.
 If not treated immediately it leads to death.

4.  Following are the ways through which shock
can be diagnosed-
a. Low blood pressure (systolic BP below 80
mmHg) is the key sign of shock
b. Weak and rapid pulse
c. Rapid and shallow breathe
d. Restlessness and altered mental state
e. Weakness
f. Low urine output

5.  Hypovolemic Shock
 Cardiogenic Shock
 Septic Shock
 Neurogenic Shock
 Anaphylactic Shock

6.  HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK- It is the most
common type of shock. Primary cause is
loss of fluid from circulation due to
haemorrhage, burns, diarrhoea etc
 Symptoms of Hypovolemic Shock-
- Weak thread pulse
- Cold and clammy skin

7.  CARDIOGENIC SHOCK- It is caused by
the failure of heart to pump effectively e.g.
in myocardial infraction, cardiac failure etc
 Symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock-
- Distended neck veins
- Weak or absent pulses

8.  SEPTIC SHOCK- It is caused by an
overwhelming infection, leading to
vasodilatation
 Symptoms of Septic Shock-
- Elevated body temperature

9.  NEUROGENIC SHOCK- It is caused by
trauma to the spinal cord, resulting in
sudden decrease in peripheral vascular
resistance and hypotension
 Symptoms of Neurogenic Shock-
- Warm and Dry skin

10.  ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK- It is caused by
severe allergic reaction to an allergen, or
drug
 Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock-
- Bronchospasm
- Angioedema and/or
- Urticaria

11.  Do not administer fluids containing
calcium , e.g. Ringer-lactate, within 48
hours of administering Cefa Group
Antibiotic
Contra-indicated in neonatal jaundice