The document discusses the origins and characteristics of various sheep and rabbit breeds. It begins by explaining that sheep originated from the mouflon, a wild sheep native to parts of the Middle East and Asia Minor. Archaeological evidence suggests sheep were among the first animals domesticated over 10,000 years ago in parts of the Middle East. The document then provides details on several sheep breeds primarily raised for meat, including Suffolk, Cheviot, Blue Texel, Dorset, Hampshire, Montadale, Oxford, Shropshire, and Southdown sheep. It also lists several wool breeds of sheep and discusses the characteristics of the Merino breed.
This document provides information on swine production and management, including terminology, breeds of pigs, production systems, and breeding systems. It defines key terms like boar, sow, litter, and castration. It describes common pure breeds like Landrace, Large White, and Duroc and their characteristics. Synthetic breeds developed to combine desirable traits like TOPIGS and Hypor are also outlined. The document explains local Philippine native pigs and improved varieties. Different swine production systems are compared including sow herd enterprises and growing-finishing operations.
This document provides information on hog zoological classification and various pig breeds. It begins with the taxonomy of pigs, listing their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Several main pig breeds are then described in detail, including their origins, characteristics and advantages/disadvantages. These include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Poland China. Other breeds such as Spotted and Chinese native pigs are also overviewed. The document concludes with sections on Philippine native pigs and methods for upgrading native stock.
The document discusses various breeds of dairy cattle, dairy animals, and dairy goats. It provides details on the origin, physical characteristics, milk production capabilities, and ancestors of breeds such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Philippine Carabao, Murrah, Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine, and La Mancha. It also discusses factors considered in selecting dairy cattle and the development of crossbreeds like Australian Freisian Sahiwal and Jamica Hope.
This document discusses goat production management in India. It provides background on the origins of goats and describes the major goat breeds found in India. It then gives statistics on world and Indian goat populations, with India ranking second globally in goat numbers. Details are provided on goat population and density in different Indian states and districts of West Bengal. The document outlines the contributions of goats to the livestock sector and meat production in India. It discusses the history of goat development programs in India and provides an overview of the All India Coordinated Research Project on goat improvement.
The document summarizes the origins of modern cattle breeds. It discusses that primitive cattle originated in India from the aurochs species. Some related species like the yak were also domesticated in places like Tibet, parts of Asia, and Siberia. Modern cattle include the Bos Taurus from Europe without humps, and the Bos indicus from tropical regions like India with humps adapted to warmer climates. The document then provides details on the characteristics and origins of various beef and dairy cattle breeds from different parts of the world.
This document summarizes the major cattle breeds found in Pakistan. It describes 3 main types: milch (dairy), draught (draft), and dual-purpose breeds. For milch breeds, it provides details on Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Cholistani cattle. For draught breeds, it distinguishes between heavy, medium, and light draught breeds such as Bhagnari, Dajal, Dhanni, Rojhan, and Lohani. It also covers dual-purpose breeds Kankrej and Tharparkar/Thari. For each breed, it mentions their home tract and provides information on physical characteristics and production parameters.
The document provides information on slaughtering and butchering processes from selecting animals, handling before slaughter, slaughtering steps for different animals like pigs, cattle, goats and sheep, requirements for slaughterhouses, and definitions of meat industry terms. It describes the various stages of slaughter from fasting and stunning animals, bleeding, skinning or scalding, evisceration, washing, chilling and cutting carcasses into retail cuts. It also outlines principles for selecting animals and compares slaughter methods between species.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
This document provides information on swine production and management, including terminology, breeds of pigs, production systems, and breeding systems. It defines key terms like boar, sow, litter, and castration. It describes common pure breeds like Landrace, Large White, and Duroc and their characteristics. Synthetic breeds developed to combine desirable traits like TOPIGS and Hypor are also outlined. The document explains local Philippine native pigs and improved varieties. Different swine production systems are compared including sow herd enterprises and growing-finishing operations.
This document provides information on hog zoological classification and various pig breeds. It begins with the taxonomy of pigs, listing their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Several main pig breeds are then described in detail, including their origins, characteristics and advantages/disadvantages. These include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Poland China. Other breeds such as Spotted and Chinese native pigs are also overviewed. The document concludes with sections on Philippine native pigs and methods for upgrading native stock.
The document discusses various breeds of dairy cattle, dairy animals, and dairy goats. It provides details on the origin, physical characteristics, milk production capabilities, and ancestors of breeds such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Philippine Carabao, Murrah, Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine, and La Mancha. It also discusses factors considered in selecting dairy cattle and the development of crossbreeds like Australian Freisian Sahiwal and Jamica Hope.
This document discusses goat production management in India. It provides background on the origins of goats and describes the major goat breeds found in India. It then gives statistics on world and Indian goat populations, with India ranking second globally in goat numbers. Details are provided on goat population and density in different Indian states and districts of West Bengal. The document outlines the contributions of goats to the livestock sector and meat production in India. It discusses the history of goat development programs in India and provides an overview of the All India Coordinated Research Project on goat improvement.
The document summarizes the origins of modern cattle breeds. It discusses that primitive cattle originated in India from the aurochs species. Some related species like the yak were also domesticated in places like Tibet, parts of Asia, and Siberia. Modern cattle include the Bos Taurus from Europe without humps, and the Bos indicus from tropical regions like India with humps adapted to warmer climates. The document then provides details on the characteristics and origins of various beef and dairy cattle breeds from different parts of the world.
This document summarizes the major cattle breeds found in Pakistan. It describes 3 main types: milch (dairy), draught (draft), and dual-purpose breeds. For milch breeds, it provides details on Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Cholistani cattle. For draught breeds, it distinguishes between heavy, medium, and light draught breeds such as Bhagnari, Dajal, Dhanni, Rojhan, and Lohani. It also covers dual-purpose breeds Kankrej and Tharparkar/Thari. For each breed, it mentions their home tract and provides information on physical characteristics and production parameters.
The document provides information on slaughtering and butchering processes from selecting animals, handling before slaughter, slaughtering steps for different animals like pigs, cattle, goats and sheep, requirements for slaughterhouses, and definitions of meat industry terms. It describes the various stages of slaughter from fasting and stunning animals, bleeding, skinning or scalding, evisceration, washing, chilling and cutting carcasses into retail cuts. It also outlines principles for selecting animals and compares slaughter methods between species.
This document discusses dairy cattle herd management and includes the following key points:
1. Herds can be divided into pregnant, breeding, heifer, steer/feeder, and bull herds to ensure appropriate nutrition and prevent issues like premature breeding.
2. Breeding females like lactating/pregnant cows and open cows/replacement heifers require specific management including separation during pregnancy and provision of proper feed.
3. Calves, growers, and fatteners have distinct management needs depending on their stage such as colostrum intake for calves and grazing for growers.
4. Herd health management involves hygiene, vaccination programs, parasite control, and prevention of common
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
Introductory presentation to goats in general and a variety of breeds an agriculture student would be likely to encounter. Appropriate for a high school agriculture class
Different breeds of sheep and their characteristics Amila Athapaththu
This document discusses different sheep breeds and their characteristics. It identifies the Jaffna local, Bikenary, Bannur, Red madras, and Dorset as key breeds. The Jaffna local is a small to medium sized breed native to Jaffna, Sri Lanka, reared for meat, manure, and fortune telling. The Bikenary is known for its lustrous carpet wool and is primarily a wool producer. The Bannur is in high demand for its meat and produces excellent crossbreeds with local goats. The Red madras has a reddish brown color and is native to Tamil Nadu, India, providing high quality meat and skin. Finally, the Dorset has a white
This document summarizes several common breeds of ducks. It divides ducks into meat, egg, and ornamental types and describes the key characteristics of popular breeds like Pekin, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Rouen, Cayuga, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, and some ornamental and Indian breeds. The Pekin is one of the most popular breeds worldwide, originating from China. It is efficient and lays around 160 eggs. The Muscovy is native to South America and males are twice the female size and have distinctive knobs on their heads. Indian Runner ducks come in white, fawn, and penciled varieties and can lay up to 250 eggs while foraging outside all day
This document provides information on selecting beef cattle through visual appraisal. It discusses evaluating cattle based on body structure, soundness of feet and legs, muscling, frame size, reproductive soundness, and predisposition to waste. The key selection factors are visual appraisal, pedigree, and performance records. Visual appraisal allows evaluation of traits like structure, muscling, size and conformation. Frame size indicates growth potential and composition. Reproductive soundness and lack of waste are important for productivity and efficiency. Proper selection can improve herd genetics and economics for cattle producers.
This document provides information about beef cattle production in the Philippines. It begins with definitions of beef cattle and the main stages of beef production. It then discusses that the beef cattle industry in the Philippines is underdeveloped. It makes up only 5.9% of total cattle, while 94.1% are raised in backyard farms. The main problems facing backyard and commercial beef producers are then outlined, including issues with credit access, marketing, production challenges, and infrastructure. The document concludes by describing the beef production systems used in the Philippines, including ranching, feedlot operations, and backyard raising.
This document provides tips on raising swine in the Philippines. It discusses selecting appropriate breeds of pigs depending on purpose and conditions. Common breeds include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Berkshire. Guidelines are provided on housing, facilities, breeding management, farrowing, nursing piglets, weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Routine healthcare practices like deworming and vaccination are also outlined.
This PowerPoint is from a seminar originally presented at the 2010 Maryland Sheep & Wool Festival by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist for University of Maryland Extension.
This document provides information on poultry feed formulation by Dr. C. Seenivasan. It discusses the process of quantifying feed ingredients to meet poultry nutrient requirements. It describes different feed types and classifications of ingredients including protein sources, energy sources, vitamins, and minerals. The document outlines the nutrient requirements for broilers and layers at different growth stages. It also discusses the poultry digestive system and key aspects of least cost feed formulation such as raw material and processing costs. Sample feed formulations are provided for broiler pre-starter, starter, and finisher feeds.
This document provides information on various breeds of swine, including their origins and characteristics. It begins with discussing Philippine native pigs and their general traits of being small and late maturing. It then describes several purebreds such as Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, and Hampshire and their distinguishing features. The document also mentions upgraded breeds developed by crossing native pigs with foreign breeds. It provides details on the origins, appearances and traits of over 15 different pig breeds.
The document defines various terminology used in ruminant animal husbandry and ranching. Some key terms include: ad lib feeding (unlimited access to feed), artificial insemination, average daily gain (measurement of weight change over time), birth weight, biosecurity practices to prevent disease spread, and contemporary group (animals of similar characteristics raised together).
This document discusses several world famous sheep breeds that are primarily raised for meat production. It provides details on 10 popular meat breeds: Cheviot, Dorset, Hampshire, Montadale, North County Cheviot, Oxford, Shropshire, Texel, Southdown, and Suffolk. For each breed, it mentions their mature body weight, average fiber diameter, growth rate, carcass characteristics, and other traits. At the end, it briefly describes the Lohi sheep breed found in Pakistan.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This document discusses culling of sheep and goats, which is the process of removing undesirable animals from a breeding stock based on specific traits. It defines culling and describes categories for culling such as low producers, repeat breeders, animals with genetic defects or poor growth. The document outlines different types of culling including policy culling for traits like age or conformation, veterinary culling for untreatable illnesses, and emergency culling. Methods of culling like tandem, independent levels, and total score are also summarized. The importance of culling to maintain flock size and increase productivity is highlighted.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
The document describes beef cattle production systems and beef cattle breeding in the Philippines. It discusses the three main beef production systems: ranching/extensive, feedlot/intensive fattening operation, and backyard operation. It also covers beef cattle breeds, classification, characteristics, reproduction, and indicators of good breeding management. Some popular beef cattle breeds from around the world are also outlined such as Angus, Brahman, Charolais, and Limousin.
This document summarizes information about dairy farming for a board of directors. It includes sections on the objective to inform the board, an industry situation report showing growth in dairy animal populations, descriptions of major dairy breeds in the Philippines like Brahman and Ongole cattle, an explanation of the production cycle from birth to milking and breeding, requirements for land, housing and equipment for small to medium scale farms, and a financial analysis showing average annual income and investment metrics for a 25-head dairy farm model.
This document discusses three breeds of buffalo found in Pakistan: Nili-Ravi, Kundhi, and Azi-Kheli.
The Nili-Ravi breed is considered the best dairy breed in the world. Originally from the Punjab region, they are now found across Pakistan and known for their excellent milk yield and quality. Kundhi buffalo are found in Sindh and parts of Balochistan, thriving in irrigated areas. They yield an average of 2000kg of milk over 320 days. Azi-Kheli buffalo are from Swat and yield around 1800 litres of milk per lactation. They have varying coat colors from albino to black.
Organic farming is a way of growing food in harmony with nature without exploiting it, as practiced in ancient Indian texts. It focuses on animal health and welfare, good environmental practices, and product quality. There are three steps to becoming organic - vegetable conversion, animal husbandry conversion, and an ideological conversion. Organic animal husbandry provides animals with access to the environment and pasture and avoids synthetic substances and natural treatments. Various indigenous and developed poultry breeds are discussed for organic farming.
This document provides information on three cattle breeds: Friesian, Jersey, and Ayrshire. It describes their origins, morphological features, weights, milk production characteristics, and compares the key details between the breeds. The Friesian originated in Germany/Netherlands and is large and black-and-white. Jerseys originated on the Isle of Jersey and are smaller with varied coloration. Ayrshires are from Scotland and are brown and white with good grass to milk conversion. The document also briefly discusses common cattle diseases.
Animals Farm is a leading manufacturers, exporters and wholesale suppliers of brown eggs, white egg, chianina cow, angus cattle, holsteins cow, boer goat, bagot goat and lots more. for more information please visit our website: https://www.exportersindia.com/animals-farm/.
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
Introductory presentation to goats in general and a variety of breeds an agriculture student would be likely to encounter. Appropriate for a high school agriculture class
Different breeds of sheep and their characteristics Amila Athapaththu
This document discusses different sheep breeds and their characteristics. It identifies the Jaffna local, Bikenary, Bannur, Red madras, and Dorset as key breeds. The Jaffna local is a small to medium sized breed native to Jaffna, Sri Lanka, reared for meat, manure, and fortune telling. The Bikenary is known for its lustrous carpet wool and is primarily a wool producer. The Bannur is in high demand for its meat and produces excellent crossbreeds with local goats. The Red madras has a reddish brown color and is native to Tamil Nadu, India, providing high quality meat and skin. Finally, the Dorset has a white
This document summarizes several common breeds of ducks. It divides ducks into meat, egg, and ornamental types and describes the key characteristics of popular breeds like Pekin, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Rouen, Cayuga, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, and some ornamental and Indian breeds. The Pekin is one of the most popular breeds worldwide, originating from China. It is efficient and lays around 160 eggs. The Muscovy is native to South America and males are twice the female size and have distinctive knobs on their heads. Indian Runner ducks come in white, fawn, and penciled varieties and can lay up to 250 eggs while foraging outside all day
This document provides information on selecting beef cattle through visual appraisal. It discusses evaluating cattle based on body structure, soundness of feet and legs, muscling, frame size, reproductive soundness, and predisposition to waste. The key selection factors are visual appraisal, pedigree, and performance records. Visual appraisal allows evaluation of traits like structure, muscling, size and conformation. Frame size indicates growth potential and composition. Reproductive soundness and lack of waste are important for productivity and efficiency. Proper selection can improve herd genetics and economics for cattle producers.
This document provides information about beef cattle production in the Philippines. It begins with definitions of beef cattle and the main stages of beef production. It then discusses that the beef cattle industry in the Philippines is underdeveloped. It makes up only 5.9% of total cattle, while 94.1% are raised in backyard farms. The main problems facing backyard and commercial beef producers are then outlined, including issues with credit access, marketing, production challenges, and infrastructure. The document concludes by describing the beef production systems used in the Philippines, including ranching, feedlot operations, and backyard raising.
This document provides tips on raising swine in the Philippines. It discusses selecting appropriate breeds of pigs depending on purpose and conditions. Common breeds include Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Berkshire. Guidelines are provided on housing, facilities, breeding management, farrowing, nursing piglets, weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Routine healthcare practices like deworming and vaccination are also outlined.
This PowerPoint is from a seminar originally presented at the 2010 Maryland Sheep & Wool Festival by Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist for University of Maryland Extension.
This document provides information on poultry feed formulation by Dr. C. Seenivasan. It discusses the process of quantifying feed ingredients to meet poultry nutrient requirements. It describes different feed types and classifications of ingredients including protein sources, energy sources, vitamins, and minerals. The document outlines the nutrient requirements for broilers and layers at different growth stages. It also discusses the poultry digestive system and key aspects of least cost feed formulation such as raw material and processing costs. Sample feed formulations are provided for broiler pre-starter, starter, and finisher feeds.
This document provides information on various breeds of swine, including their origins and characteristics. It begins with discussing Philippine native pigs and their general traits of being small and late maturing. It then describes several purebreds such as Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, and Hampshire and their distinguishing features. The document also mentions upgraded breeds developed by crossing native pigs with foreign breeds. It provides details on the origins, appearances and traits of over 15 different pig breeds.
The document defines various terminology used in ruminant animal husbandry and ranching. Some key terms include: ad lib feeding (unlimited access to feed), artificial insemination, average daily gain (measurement of weight change over time), birth weight, biosecurity practices to prevent disease spread, and contemporary group (animals of similar characteristics raised together).
This document discusses several world famous sheep breeds that are primarily raised for meat production. It provides details on 10 popular meat breeds: Cheviot, Dorset, Hampshire, Montadale, North County Cheviot, Oxford, Shropshire, Texel, Southdown, and Suffolk. For each breed, it mentions their mature body weight, average fiber diameter, growth rate, carcass characteristics, and other traits. At the end, it briefly describes the Lohi sheep breed found in Pakistan.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This document discusses culling of sheep and goats, which is the process of removing undesirable animals from a breeding stock based on specific traits. It defines culling and describes categories for culling such as low producers, repeat breeders, animals with genetic defects or poor growth. The document outlines different types of culling including policy culling for traits like age or conformation, veterinary culling for untreatable illnesses, and emergency culling. Methods of culling like tandem, independent levels, and total score are also summarized. The importance of culling to maintain flock size and increase productivity is highlighted.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
The document describes beef cattle production systems and beef cattle breeding in the Philippines. It discusses the three main beef production systems: ranching/extensive, feedlot/intensive fattening operation, and backyard operation. It also covers beef cattle breeds, classification, characteristics, reproduction, and indicators of good breeding management. Some popular beef cattle breeds from around the world are also outlined such as Angus, Brahman, Charolais, and Limousin.
This document summarizes information about dairy farming for a board of directors. It includes sections on the objective to inform the board, an industry situation report showing growth in dairy animal populations, descriptions of major dairy breeds in the Philippines like Brahman and Ongole cattle, an explanation of the production cycle from birth to milking and breeding, requirements for land, housing and equipment for small to medium scale farms, and a financial analysis showing average annual income and investment metrics for a 25-head dairy farm model.
This document discusses three breeds of buffalo found in Pakistan: Nili-Ravi, Kundhi, and Azi-Kheli.
The Nili-Ravi breed is considered the best dairy breed in the world. Originally from the Punjab region, they are now found across Pakistan and known for their excellent milk yield and quality. Kundhi buffalo are found in Sindh and parts of Balochistan, thriving in irrigated areas. They yield an average of 2000kg of milk over 320 days. Azi-Kheli buffalo are from Swat and yield around 1800 litres of milk per lactation. They have varying coat colors from albino to black.
Organic farming is a way of growing food in harmony with nature without exploiting it, as practiced in ancient Indian texts. It focuses on animal health and welfare, good environmental practices, and product quality. There are three steps to becoming organic - vegetable conversion, animal husbandry conversion, and an ideological conversion. Organic animal husbandry provides animals with access to the environment and pasture and avoids synthetic substances and natural treatments. Various indigenous and developed poultry breeds are discussed for organic farming.
This document provides information on three cattle breeds: Friesian, Jersey, and Ayrshire. It describes their origins, morphological features, weights, milk production characteristics, and compares the key details between the breeds. The Friesian originated in Germany/Netherlands and is large and black-and-white. Jerseys originated on the Isle of Jersey and are smaller with varied coloration. Ayrshires are from Scotland and are brown and white with good grass to milk conversion. The document also briefly discusses common cattle diseases.
Animals Farm is a leading manufacturers, exporters and wholesale suppliers of brown eggs, white egg, chianina cow, angus cattle, holsteins cow, boer goat, bagot goat and lots more. for more information please visit our website: https://www.exportersindia.com/animals-farm/.
Ducks are mainly classified into two types - egg type and meat type breeds. The document describes the physical features and characteristics of various meat type duck breeds including Muscovy, Aylesbury, Pekins, and Rouen as well as egg type breeds like Khaki Campbell and Indian Runner. The Muscovy originated in Brazil and has unique traits such as hissing instead of quacking and laying eggs in clutches. The Pekin is one of the most popular meat breeds while the Aylesbury is known for its pure white plumage and use for meat. Indian Runners are considered the best egg producing breed, capable of laying over 300 eggs per year.
This document summarizes sheep breeds found in India. It describes indigenous breeds from different regions including the North-Western arid and semi-arid region. Some key breeds from this region discussed include Chokla/Raata Munda, Nali, Marwari, Magra, and Jaisalmeri which are well-adapted to the harsh climate and produce wool suited for carpets. Exotic breeds introduced to India like Merino and Rambouillet are also summarized briefly for their wool producing abilities.
RAISING ORGANIC SMALL RUMINANTS AND BREEDINGHendreBacolod1
This document provides information on selecting and raising organic small ruminants. It discusses selecting healthy stock and suitable cages. It also covers breed types of goats, their characteristics, health indicators, and characteristics of breeders. Sources of replacement stock and considerations for suitable cages are outlined. The document provides guidance on proper housing and management of small ruminants.
The document discusses various sheep breeds, including:
- The Southdown, a small to medium breed originating in England known for docility, early maturity, and good fleece and milking qualities.
- The Dorset, a medium-sized breed from England known for aseasonal breeding and use in crossbreeding to produce out-of-season lambs.
- Fine wool breeds like the Debouillet and American Cormo, adapted for range conditions and producing high quality fine wool fleeces.
- Long wool breeds like the Perendale and Border Leicester, producing lofty, long-stapled medium wool fleeces.
- Dual purpose breeds like the Columbia, one of the largest
This document provides information on various beef cattle breeds, including indigenous African breeds like Mashona, Tuli, and Nkone as well as exotic breeds like Hereford and Angus. It discusses the characteristics, traits, and uses of these breeds. Key points covered include the traits and adaptations of indigenous breeds to African conditions, how to identify cattle breeds based on physical characteristics, and the economic traits important in beef production like growth rates, carcass quality, and maternal abilities.
identfy indigenous and exotic breed of sheep.pptxmanojj123
This document discusses indigenous and exotic breeds of sheep in Nepal. It describes four indigenous breeds: Kage, Baruwal, Lampuchhre, and Bhyanglung. It provides details on the characteristics, distribution, population percentage, wool production and weight of each breed. It also summarizes four exotic breeds: Merino, Border Leicester, Rambullet, and Lincon, noting their country of origin and key traits such as wool production and weight.
Goats and sheep are widely consumed meats globally. Goats are highly adaptable and require less feed than cattle. There are many breeds of goats and sheep suited for different purposes like dairy, fiber, or meat production. Goats and sheep have advantages like fast reproduction, docility, and adaptability. Their disadvantages include susceptibility to theft and being prey. Proper husbandry is important for successful small ruminant enterprises.
This document provides descriptions of various livestock breeds, including their typical colors, physical characteristics, weights, wool/fleece traits, and temperaments. It covers cattle breeds like Angus, Brahman, and Jersey cows as well as dairy breeds like Holsteins. It also describes hog, chicken, sheep, and horse breeds such as Hampshire hogs, Polish chickens, Suffolk and Cheviot sheep, Arabian horses, and Appaloosa horses.
This document provides information on 21 different breeds of domestic ducks and geese. It describes the origin, physical characteristics, egg production and uses of each breed. Some of the breeds covered include the Pekin duck, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Muscovy duck, Cayuga duck and Aylesbury duck. The document aims to be a comprehensive reference for the traits and histories of various duck and goose breeds raised around the world.
This document summarizes common local and exotic breeds of swine found in Nepal. It describes 7 local breeds including Wild Boar, Pygmi Bandel, Hurrah, Bampudke, Chwanche, Dharane Kalo Bangur, and Pakhribas Black. It provides details on their physical characteristics, reproduction rates, weights, and locations. It also summarizes 7 popular exotic breeds from other countries - Landrace, Large White Yorkshire, Hampshire, Tammworth, Duroc, Berkshire, and Meishan - and gives their origins, traits, weights and litter sizes.
The document provides information on various breeds of animals found in Pakistan. It discusses 10 breeds of buffaloes including the Nili-Ravi and Kundi breeds. It also discusses 10 breeds of cattle for milking and draught purposes including the Sahiwal, Dhanni, and Holstein Friesian. Further, it discusses 10 thin-tailed and 10 fat-tailed sheep breeds native to different parts of Pakistan and describes their characteristics.
This document provides information on various livestock breeds from around the world. It describes the Holstein Friesian and Jersey dairy cattle breeds, noting their origins, characteristics, and average milk production. It also summarizes information on dual-purpose cattle breeds Sahiwal and Hariana, as well as dairy buffalo breeds Murrah and Nili-Ravi. Additionally, it highlights characteristics of the Merino, Rambouillet, and Black Bengal goat breeds.
This document summarizes various breeds of cattle, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and buffalo. It describes over 20 different breeds, providing details on their origins, characteristics, and purposes. The breeds described include Holstein, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey, Angus, Hereford, Brahman, Limousin, Chianina, and several breeds of water buffalo.
Poultry fabrication techniques are similar across the different classes from chicken to turkey, and duck. Chicken being one of the least expensive birds on the market is a good item to practice cutting, boning, and portioning skills. because of their similarity to turkey, ducks, and pheasant. Although the muscle and carcass structure is similar from one class of birds to another there are some differences that should be note.: Young chickens including fryers and roasters, Cornish hens, and poussin have softer bones and cartilage making them the easiest to fabricate. Turkey and chicken capons are bred for their large breast meat ideal for roasting whole, or portioning into cutlets including scallopini and schnitzel. Turkey legs have more tendons in their legs, along with harder bones and cartilage. Ducks and geese have dare dark meat birds with less breast meat. Pheasant use their legs for running resulting in tough tendons and cartilage along with darker meat from increased myoglobin, while the breast is relatively tender and lower in fat and counective tissue. . results in gives the meat a tough texture and cartilage that runs along the legs. results in tough and have more tendons that are the result of their ability to run and move about rapidly and the bones will also be harder and more brittle. Squab and quail are small and require precision and a delicate touch when fabricating.
1. Class - A group of breeds which have been developed in certain regions or geographical areas.
Eg: American, English, Mediterranean, Asiatic etc.
2. Breed - An established group of birds within a class possessing a distinctive shape, size and conformation which are true to the type.
Eg: Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Australorp, Aseel Etc.
3. Variety - Varieties represent a sub-division of a breed, distinguished either by plumage colour, feather patterns or comb type
Eg: Single Comb White Leghorn, Rose Comb Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, Barred Plymouth Rock, White Plymouth Rock, Buffed Plymouth Rock etc.
4. Strain - A strain refers to closely related inbred flocks with definite economic characters. A strain is given the name after a breeder or experimental station.
A breed or variety may have several strains which are phenotypically alike but often differ in production performance i.e., Better FCR, ASM, EP and egg weight (WLH - Meyer Strain, Forsgate strain)
Eg: Babcock, Bovans, Hyline, Hisex, Lohmann (Layer); Cobb, Hubbard, Ross, Hybro (Broiler) etc.
5. Lines - These are sub classes of strains which are engaged for production of commercial hybrid
Eg: HH – 260, babcock-300, ILI80, B-77, BV-300 etc.
Indigenous breed (Indian group)
Slow growth
Feathers on legs
Brown shelled eggs
Nature – active and clear
Broodiness & mothering instinct – high
Egg production – poor
Foreign breeds
Rapid growth
No feathers on legs
May be white or brown shelled eggs
Broodiness & mothering instinct – low
Egg production - good
This document provides information about various livestock species including cattle, swine, poultry, sheep and goats. For cattle, it discusses common beef and dairy breeds, external anatomy, and production systems. For swine, it covers common breeds, anatomy, and farrowing and finishing production systems. For poultry, it defines the group and common species, describes external anatomy, and defines common terms.
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
SHEEP BREEDS DETAILED.pptx
1. SMALL RUMINANT AND RABBIT
PRODUCTION
DAP 2204
3CU
By Gertrude Alupo
Chevoit sheep
2. ORIGIN OF SHEEP (Ovis aries)
Sheep originated from the Mouflon.
The mouflon (Ovis gmelini) is a wild sheep native to
Cyprus, the Caspain region from Eastern Turkey, Armenia,
Azerbaijan and Iran
Mouflon have reddish to dark brown, short haired coats with dark
back stripes and black ventral areas and light-colored saddle
patches
3. THE MOUFLON (Ovis gmelini )
Male mouflons are
horned.
Some females are
horned while others
are polled.
The horns of mature
rams are curved
almost one fill
revolution (up to
85cm).
Mouflon have shoulder heights of around 0.9m and body weights of 50kg for
males and 35kg for females.
4. Archaeological evidence suggests that sheep were among the first
animals to be domesticated approximately more than 10,000(11000-
8000BC) years ago in present Iran, some Arabic countries and Turkey
Selection for wool type, flocking instinct and other economically important
traits over the centuries has resulted in more than 200 distinct breeds of
sheep occurring worldwide..
5. SHEEP BREEDS FOR MEAT
1) Suffolk
2) Chevoit
3) Charollais
4) Canadian Arcott
5) Icelandic sheep
6) Tunis Barbari
7) Black belly (American
and Barbados)
8) Ile-de-France
9) Welsh Mountain sheep
10) Shropshire
11) Texel
12) Dorset horn
13) Hampshire down
14) Rambouillet
15) Dorper
16) Romney
6. 1. SUFFOLK
Suffolk sheep breed originates in the United Kingdom.
It is a product of crossing Norfolk and Southdown sheep.
Suffolk are distributed world wide.
They are bred mainly for meat and used as terminal sires for
crossbreeding programs.
Mature males weigh 125kg, females weigh 88kg.
Height at withers is 80cm for males and 74 cm for females.
Suffolk is a large polled breed with bell shaped ears, un pigmented skin, white
wool and a black face and legs free of wool.
7. OVINE HEREDITARY CHONDRODYSPLASIA
Ovine hereditary chondrodysplasia (Spider lamb syndrome)is a semi-lethal
homozygous recessive disorder affecting the growth of cartilage and bone in sheep.
It is caused by a mutation to the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3),
on ovine chromosome 6.
Clinical signs include; skeletal abnormalities, twisted or humped spines, facial defects,
bent legs, abnormally long legs, flat ribs and under developed muscles that make it
difficult for the lamb to stand and nurse.
8. 2. CHEVIOT SHEEP
This breed originated in the Chevoit hills, at the border of
England and Scotland.
Hardy animals with sturdy muscular frames.
White face with wool free head and legs.
Pricked ears.
Black muzzle and feet.
Alert, active.
Hornless.
Distinctive roman noses
9. 2. CHEVIOT SHEEP
Raised for meat. (Produce well muscled carcasses and
grow at a moderate pace)
Also produce wool
Can live in a wide range of climates and in areas where
there is scarce feed
They have easy lambing, well developed motherly
instincts and fast maturity
Less prone to foot rot
(hard back feet)
Resistant to worms
10. 2. CHEVIOT SHEEP
Mature body weight of rams 72 to 90kg (160 – 200
pounds).
Mature body weight for ewes; 55 to 72 kg (120 to 160
pounds).
Mature ewes can produce 2.25-4.5kg of fleece.
Average fiber diameter µ 27-33.
Wool staple length 3-5”.
11. 2. NORTH COUNTRY CHEVIOT SHEEP
Originated in North Scotland.
Produces hardy lambs.
Mature body weight of rams; 200 to 300 pounds; ewe 130-180
pounds.
Average Fiber Diameter
micron 27-33 USDA Wool
Grade 46’s-56’s.
Grease fleece weight 5-10lb.
Wool Staple Length 4-6”.
12. 3. BLUE TEXEL SHEEP
Blue Texels were first recognised as a distinct
breed in early 1970s in the Netherlands.
Blue Texels are also present in the UK.
Blue Texels are similar to their white ancestors,
however, they express a beautiful “blue” (Abl)
coloration pattern which is
a product of a recessive
gene that may be associated
with high fertility.
13. 3. BLUE TEXEL SHEEP
The breed pattern can vary from very pale animals to quite
dark but no part of the fleece is wholly black or white. The
black head, ears and legs have symmetrical white markings.
The flank wool is lighter than the shoulders and belly,
sometimes a pale silvery blue.
Blue is the genetists name for the colour pattern and also
describes the colour of the flank wool.
14. 3. BLUE TEXEL SHEEP
Blue Texels are competitive as commercial terminal
sires for producing prime crossbred lambs for the
trade.
Quality carcasses with a high killing out percentage
achieving premium grades.
They have high growth rate.
15. 3. BLUE TEXEL SHEEP
Ewes have good mothering ability.
Easy lambing due to slightly narrow heads.
Lambs can stand and nurse immediately after
delivery.
Suitable for low input and organic systems.
16. 4. DORSET SHEEP
Dorset breed is a cross between Wale’s horned sheep
and Spanish Merino sheep.
Dorset breeds are found in Wales, Dorset, Devon and
Somerset.
Dorset ewes are prolific, they can lamb all year round.
Lambs grow and mature at a moderate rate.
18. 5. HAMPSHIRE SHEEP
Originate in the County of Hampshire, South
England
Mainly raised for meat production
Large breed, fast growing
Heavy boned with a lean carcass
Black legs and faces
20. 6. MONTADALE SHEEP
Montadale sheep breed originates in the United
states.
It is a cross between the large Columbia and
compact Cheviot breeds.
Strong maternal; instinct produce plenty of milk to
raise multiple lambs.
Lambs grow rapidly.
21. 6. MONTADALE SHEEP
Lean well muscled carcass.
Average body.
Have bare legs and heads with white wool and black
nostrils and hooves.
Some times treated as a dual purpose breed because
their wool is more
valuable than on other
meat breeds.
Farmers use their wool
at commercial mills.
23. BREED STANDARDS FOR MONTADALE SHEEP
Small head to reduce or eliminate lambing trouble.
Open face to prevent wool blindness.
Clean legs to prevent foreign objects from damaging fleece
and carcass.
Heavy fleece.
Prolific.
Good mothers.
Strong, healthy and
vigorous.
24. 7. OXFORD SHEEP
Oxford sheep breed was developed in Oxford County in
England.
Oxford sheep are a mix between Hampshires and
Cotwolds.
Oxford sheep have a fast rate of growth.
They have strong maternal
instinct.
They produce moderate quality
fleece.
25. 7. OXFORD SHEEP
Average to large in size.
Faces are dark brown.
They have woolly legs and a full top knot.
Mature body weight Ram 225-325 pounds.
Ewe 150-200 pounds.
Average fiber diameter µ28-34
USDA Wool Grade 46’s-54’s.
Grease Fleece Weight 7-10 lb.
Wool staple length 3-5”.
26. 8. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP
Origin: England.
This breed was developed by crossbreeding Leicester,
Southdown, Cotswold and native sheep.
Tri purpose breed (meat, wool and tree friendly).
Has proven ability to finish successfully from grass alone.
Distinguishable from other sheep breeds by their dark faces
and woolly legs.
Resemble Hampshire
but are typically smaller and
finer boned.
27. 8. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP
Average to large in size, rams are robust.
Ewes are excellent mothers with long productive lives.
Dams are docile with a strong maternal instinct valuable
for ample milk production.
They are prolific and can achieve lambing percentages
of 160%
and
above.
28. 8. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP
Lambs are vigorous, grow at a rapid pace and produce
lean high quality carcass.
Mature body weight Ram 225-290 lb; ewe 170-200 lb
Average fiber diameter µ 25-33 USDA Wool Grade 46’s-
58’s.
Grease fleece weight 6-10 pounds.
Wool staple
length 3-4 inches.
29. 9. SOUTH DOWN SHEEP
One of the most popular and oldest breeds of sheep
Originally developed in England.
Small to average in size
Have wooly legs with faces with light pints that are white
to light brown colour
Submissive breed ideal for children because they are
docile, have a small stature
and are easy to manage
30. 9. SOUTH DOWN SHEEP
Fast maturity.
Adaptable to a wide variety of climates.
Valuable carcass (light in weight and muscular).
Excellent mothers, good at caring fir their young.
Primary goal for production is meat but it produces
medium wool fleece.
31. 9. SOUTH DOWN SHEEP
Mature body weight ram; 180-230 pounds.
Ewe 120-180 pounds.
Average fiber diameter Micron 24-29 USDA Wool
Grade 54’s-60’s.
Grease Fleece weight 5-8 pounds.
Wool staple length 2-3 inches.
32. WOOL BREEDS
1) Arkhar-Merino-Kazakhstan;
2) Arapawa-Newzealand,
3) Askanian-Ukraine; United States;
4) California Variegated Mutant-
United States;
5) Columbia-United states;
6) Cormo-Australia, Newzealand;
7) Danish Landrace-Denmark;
8) Debouillet-United States;
9) Drysdale-Newzealand;
10) Duben sheep-Bulgaria;
11) Elinpelin sheep-Bulgaria;
12) Gaddi-India;
13) Gansu Alpine Fine-wool- China;
14) Gentile di Puglia-Italy;
15) Grey Troender-Norway;
16) Hog Island-United States;
17) Kihnu Native-Estonia;
18) Kasmir Merino - Kashmir;
19) Lincoln - England;
20) Lohi-Pakistan;
21) Manx Loaghtan-Isle of Man;
22) Booroola Merino- Australia (Wool
research);
23) Delaine Merino-United States;
24) Nali- India; Navajo-Churro sheep –
United states;
25) North Ronaldsay- Scotland;
26) Orkon- Mongolia;
27) Pitt Island – Wool;
28) Ruda- Albania. Croatia;
29) Rya – Sweden;
30) Sakiz-Turkey; Santa Cruz – Santa cruz
Island, United States;
31) Targhee-United states
33. 10. MERINO
Origin: Spain
Well adapted to semi arid climates and nomadic
pasturing
White face and legs
Different varieties; Boorola Merino, Delaine Merino,
Merinolandschaf, Poll Merino, South African Mutton
Merino, Strong wool merino, South African Merino,
Medium wool Merino, German Mutton Merino, Fonthill
Merino.
34. 10. MERINO
Excellent quality of wool (soft and fine)
Staple length 2.6-3.9”
Dense fleece 25lbs of wool males; 20lbs females
Long productive life up to 12 years of wool production
Friendly and docile
35. Need for regular shearing at least twice a year
Small carcass size (180lbs male; 120lbs ewes), un
pleasant flavour for meat
Require mulescing to reduce fly strike
MERINO
36. MEAT AND WOOL
1) Border Leicester- United Kingdom;
2) Corriedale-Newzealand;
3) Cheviot-Scotland
4) Devon Long wooled- United Kingdom;
5) South African Merino-South Africa;
6) South African Meat Merino-South Africa;
7) Montadale-United States;
8) Rambouillet- France;
9) Romney- United Kingdom;
10) Shetland – Shetland Islands;
37. MILK BREEDS
1) Awassi-South Eastern Anatolia,
2) Syro-Arabian desert;
3) British Milk sheep-United Kingdom;
4) Chios – Island of Chios;
5) Comisana-Italy;
6) East Friesian-Germany;
7) Kooka-Pakistan;
8) Lacaune- France;
9) Latxa-Milk;
10) Massesse sheep-Italy;
11) Pinzirita- Sicily;
38. 11. AWASSI
Originates from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Israel, Syria,
Lebanon, Egypt and Palestine.
Disrteibution South-West Asia, Syro-Arabian desert.
Raised primarily for milk but can be used for milk and
wool
White wool colour, brown face
39. 11. AWASSI
Weight of rams 60 to 90kg
Weight of ewes 30 to 50kg
Height at withers ram: 68-80cm; 65-70 cm in ewes
Milk yield 40-60 and 70-80 kg of milk per 150 day
lactation period
Improved breeds 506kg over 214 day lactation period
43. DUAL PURPOSE
Meat and vegetation management:
Brown Mountain sheep – Germany;
Pomeranian Coarse wool sheep – Germany
Meat, pelts : Afrikaner – South Africa; Namaqua
Afrikaner – South Africa
Meat, tail fat: Edilbay-Kazakhstan
Meat, wool, milk, landscape management:
Finnsheep-Finland
Meat, wool, hide, pet Jacob-united kingdom
Meat, ram fighting – Priangan-Indonesia
44. OTHERS
1) Vegetation management: Bundner Oberland-
Switzerland; Coburger Fuchsschaf- Germany;
Drenth Heath Sheep-Netherlands; Hebridean-
Scotland;
2) Genetic conservation, herd management:
Forystufe-Iceland
3) Genetic conservation: Gute-Sweden
4) Hobby: Castlemilk Moorit-Scotland; Olde English
‘Babydoll” Southdown- United States;
5) Wool, hobby: Ouessant - France
6) Trophy hunting: American Blackberry - United
States.
45. 12. OUESSANT / BRETON DWARF
Origin: Island of
Ouessant off the coast
of Brittany.
Its one of the smallest
breeds of sheep in the
world
Height at withers for
rams 49cm; 45cm
ewes
Raised in Germany,
France, Great Britain
46. 12. OUESSANT / BRETON DWARF
Black or dark brown in colour
Rams have relatively large horns; ewes are
polled
Primarily used for wool production
47. COMMON BREEDS OF SHEEP IN
AFRICA
1) Masai breed
2) Black head Persian
3) East African long
tailed
4) Corriadale
5) Romney
6) Merino
7) Dorper
8) Desert Sudanese (Desert
Sudanese)
9) Fulani
10) Maure (Moore)
11) West African Dwarf
(Djallonke’)
48. 1. MASAI SHEEP
Masai sheep are indigenous to East
Africa. They are found in Northern
Tanzania, South Central Kenya and
Uganda
They are reared for meat production.
They are red brown, occasionally pied
and fat tailed s
Males are horned or polled while the
females are usually polled.
The breed is highly valued for its
hardiness to arid conditions and
resistance to internal parasites
49. 2. BLACK HEAD PERSIAN
It’s a fat tailed breed that directly
descends from the Somali
sheep.
It is a polled breed with a white
body, black neck and an entire
black head and long pendulous
ears.
Black head Persians are raised
for meat
Rams weigh 68kg while the
ewes weigh 52kg
Ewes lactate for 84 days
50. 3. DORSET HORN
This is an endangered breed of British
origin (United Kingdom)
The Dorset horn is distributed in the UK,
Australia, New zealand, North America
and South Africa
It is highly prolific horned breed
Males weigh 100 to 125kg, females weigh
70 to 90kg
The wool and face are white in colour
The fleece is thick weighing 2.25 to 3kg.
The staple length is 80-100mm
51. 4. CORRIADALE
Developed in Newzealand and Australia from crossing
Lincoln rams with Merino ewes.
Second most significant breed in the world after Merinos.
Distributed world wide. Can thrive in throughout Asia, North
America and South Africa.
52. 4. CORRIADALE
Corriedale is a dual purpose sheep.
It is large framed, polled with good carcass quality
Corriedale produces bulky, high yielding wool ranging
from 31.5-24.5 micron fiber diameter
53. 4. CORRIADALE
Fleece from mature ewes will weigh 4.5-7.7kg
Staple length: 3.5 to 6” (9-15cm)
Yield percentage of fleece ranges from 50-60%
Mature rams will weigh 79-125kg; ewes weigh 58-81kg
54. 5. ROMNEY SHEEP
Origin: Romney Marsh
area of England
Can thrive in wet and cold
environments
Average size
Faces are solid in colour
Coat colour can be white
or coloured
55. 5. ROMNEY SHEEP
Romneys are raised primarily
for wool production
They produce thick and long
fleece ideal for hand
spinning.
They can also produce meat
Romney ewes are good at
caring for their young
They produce sufficient milk
for their lambs
57. 6. DORPER
Origin: South Africa
Developed by crossing the Dorset horn with
Blackhead Persian sheep
Second most common sheep in South Africa
The name Dorper is a coupling of the first syllabuses of the parent
breeds (Dorset horn and Blackhead Persian sheep).
58. 6. DORPER
It is well adapted to arid conditions
Dorpers adapt well to feedlot conditions
Its an excellent grazer and browser
Requires minimal input of labour
It thick skin is highly prized and doesn’t require shearing,
crutching or mulesing
Less prone to fly strike
59. 6. DORPER
Produces short light coat
of wool and hair
Dorpers have thick
skins.
It is the most sought
after skin worldwide.
The skin is marketed
under the name Cape
Glovers
60. 6. DORPER
Fast growth rate (can
attain 36kg in 100
days).
Hardy with good
maternal instincts.
High fertility.
Rams attain sexual
maturity at 5 months
Editor's Notes
Archaeological evidence suggests that sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated approximately more than 10,000(11000-8000BC) years ago in present Iran, some Arabic countries and Turkey. It is hypothesised that at least two independent domestication events took place, leading to the raise of haplogroup B and A which are globally most frequent. Haplotypes belonging to haplogroup B are descendants of European mouflon and are more frequent in Europe while haplogroup A descends from Asiatic mouflon which is present in Asian breeds.
Domestic sheep thrive in regions with vast grasslands such as Australia, China, India, Iran and New Zealand whose economies are significantly bolstered by the export of sheep and their products. Farmers keep sheep on wide pastures where they can freely graze, often using a sheepdog to protect the flock from potential threats like thieves and predators. The African continent is endowed with sheep breeds and varying phenotypes such as the fat tail or thin tailed sheep. Thin tailed sheep could have been the first sheep to enter Africa through the Suez canal or Southern Sinai Peninsula followed by fat tailed sheep through the North eastern part and the horn of Africa. Fat tailed sheep are an adaptation to hot dry environments. Composite breeds are a population made up of two or more component breeds, designed to retain heterosis in future generations without cross breeding and maintained like a pure breed.
Meat breeds include; Adal from Ethiopia; Alcarrena, Algarve churro-Portugal; Altay – China; Appennica – Italy; Arabi-Iran, Iraq; Afghan Arabi- Afaghanistan, Algerian sheep Algeria; Aussiedown-Australia, Australian White-Australia; Blue Texel-Netherlands; Brazilian Somali-Somalia; Brianzola-Italy; Cameroon sheep – West Africa; Canadian Arcott - Canada; Charmoise-France; Charollais-France; Chios -Is Border Cheviot- United Kingdom; Brecknock Hill Cheviot- Wales; North country Cheviot-Scotland; Cholistani -Pakistan; Cikta -Hungary; Coolalee - Australia; Criollo-Central America; Damara-Namibia; Derbyshire agaritstine-United kingdom; Devon Cllosewool-nited Kingdom; Dorper -South Africa; Dorset-United Kingdom; Dorset Down-United Kingdom; Easycare-United Kingdom; English Leicester-England; Exmoor Horn-Meat; Fat-tailed sheep (group of breeds)-Africa, Middle East, Near East, Pakistan, Northern India, Western China, Mongolia; Galway-Ireland; Grey face Dartmoor-United Kingdom; Guirra – Mediterranean coast of Spain; Hampshire-United kingdom; Small-tail Han; Herdwick -England; Hill Radnor-Wales; Ile-de-France (Dishley Merino)-France; Spectacles sheep-Slovenia; Katahdin- United States; Kerry Hill –Wales; Llangwenog-Wales; Lleyn-Wales; Meat Master-South Africa; Mehraban-Iran; Morada Nova; Nellore – India; Noire du velay- France; Norfolk Horn – United Kingdom; Oxford – United kingdom; Panama – United States; Pedi sheep- South Africa; Pelibuey-meat; Perendale- New Zealand; Portland-England; Poll Dorset – Australia; Polled Dorset – United States; Rasa Aragonesa – Aragon; Red Masaai – East Africa; Romanov-Russia; Rouge du Roussillon- France Rough fell – United kingdom; Rye land – United kingdom; Santa Ines-Brazil; Scottish Blackface (black faced highland/Kerry/Linton/Scotch Blackface/Scotch Horn/Scottish Highland/Scottish Mountain)-Scotland; Shropshire-United kingdom; Soay-Scotland; Somali (Berbera Blackhead) -Somalia; Southdown- United Kingdom;Old Norwegian Shorttail landrace- Norway; St. Croix-Virgin Islands; Suffolk-United Kingdom; Taleshi- Iran; Teeswater-United Kingdom; Texel-Netherlands; Tunis-Tunisia; Uda-Chad, Niger, Northern Cameroon, Northern Nigeria; Van Rooy-South Africa; Vendeen- France; Welsh Mountain Sheep-Wales; Bager Face Welsh Mountain - Wales; Balwen Welsh Mountain sheep-Wales; Black Welsh Mountain sheep-Wales; Wensleydale-England; West African Dwarf-West Africa and Central Africa; White Suffolk-Australia; Whiteface Dartmoor-United Kingdom; White faced Woodland-England; Wiltipoll-Australia; Wiltshire Horn-United Kingdom; Xalda-Spain; Yankasa-Nigeria; Zelazna-Poland, Zulu sheep-South Africa.
Suffolks are a popular choice in countries which value commercial sheep production. They are a frequent choice for commercial shepherds as terminal sires in cross breeding programs. They are renowned for their rapid rate of growth. They have bell shaped ears that often point down ward.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3), restricts the proliferation of cartilage at the growth plates of long bones; regulating ossification, limiting skeletal elongation and ensuring that the limbs are the right length. Spider lamb syndrome is most common in Suffolk and Hampshire breed. It was an economically significant disease in the 1980s, however, breeders observed strict testing and breeding programs to lessen the incidences. Animals that are afflicted with spider lamb syndrome may be visibly deformed at birth and unable to stand or seemingly normal for the first 4 to 6 weeks of their lives. Lambs with Spider lamb syndrome do not usually survive past the neo-natal period. Spider lamb syndrome is untreatable and may require euthinization.
Popular in England, Scotland and Wales. Can also be foiund in Newzealand. Australia and the United States. Wool free faces imply less tendencies of fly strike and wool blindness.
Need less husbandry. They can withstand cold and wet conditions. They can also forage throughoyt hot dry summers when feeds are scarce. Fewer lambing problems, less drenching.
Many of the Dorset ewes don’t pause their estrus cycle during warmer months the way other sheep breeds do.
The friat ines of this breed were a comnntion of Berkshire Knot, Southdown, Old Hampshire and Wiltshire Horn sheep breeds. Hampshires a re a common choice as terminal sires in cross breeding programs due to their large, lean carcasses and rapid growth rate.
Montadale lambs inherited the gens fro fast growh fro their Columbiaancestros . This breed as developed by private enterprise in the United states.
The Columbia ewwe and Cheviot ram are the foundation of the Montadale breed
Columbia ancestors offer the Montadale a decent quality of fleece
Breed standards are used as a guidelines in selecting and judging montadales. Some breeders will place more emphasis on certain aspects of the breed standards depending upon the goals of their individual breeding program.
Shropshire sheep are used to control grass herbage in conifer plantations, orchards and other deciduous trees
Wool breeds include; Arkhar-Merino-Kazakhstan; Arapawa-Newzealand, Askanian-Ukraine; United States; California Variegated Mutant- United States; Columbia-United states; Cormo-Australia, Newzealand; Danish Landrace-Denmark; Debouillet-United States; Drysdale-Newzealand; Duben sheep-Bulgaria; Elinpelin sheep-Bulgaria; Gaddi-India; Gansu Alpine Fine-wool- China; Gentile di Puglia-Italy; Grey Troender-Norway; Hog Island-United States; Kihnu Native-Estonia; Kasmir Merino-Kashmir; Lincoln-England; Lohi-Pakistan; Manx Loaghtan-Isle of Man; Booroola Merino- Australia (Wool research); Delaine Merino-United States; Nali- India; Navajo-Churro sheep – United states; North Ronaldsay- Scotland; Orkon- Mongolia; Pitt Island – Wool; Ruda- Albania. Croatia; Rya – Sweden; Sakiz-Turkey; Santa Cruz – Santa cruz Island, United States; Targhee-United states
Mulescing is the removal of strips of wool-bearing skin from around the rear end of a sheep. To lower the likelihood of grwoing wool which can retain fecesand urine that attracts flies.
Breeds for meat and wool include; Acipayam Turkey. Africana-Colombia; Afrino – South Africa; Alai-Kyrgyzstan; Boreray sheep-Scotland; Border Leicester- United Kingdom; California Red-United States; Cheviot-Scotland; Comeback-Australia; Coopworth-NewZealand; Corriedale-Newzealand; Cotswold-United kingdom; Dalesbred-United kingdom; Damani-Pakistan; Deutsches Bergschaf-Germany; Devon Long wooled- United Kingdom; Dohne Merino – South Africa; Elliottdale-Tasmania; Estonian Ruhnu-Estonia; Faroes-Faroe Islands; German White headed Mutton-Germany; Ghezel-NorthWest of Iran, Azerbaijan; Gotland-Sweden; Greenlandic sheep-Greenland; Gromark-Australia; Leineschaf-Germany; Lithuanian Black headed- Lithuania; Lonk-England; Marwari- India; Masham, England; Merinizzata Italiana-Italy; Merino-Spain, Turkey; Argentine Merino – Argentina; Arles Merino –France; East Merino sheep – France; Merinolandschaf-Germany; PollMerino- Australia; South African Merino-South Africa; South African Meat Merino-South Africa; Montadale-United States; Polwarth – Australia; Polypay- United States; Rambouillet- France; Romney- United Kingdom; Roslag-Sweden; Rouge du Roussillon-France; Rosa Mitchell-Switzerland; Sarja-Turkmenistan; Scottish Dunface-Scotland (exticnt); Shetland – Shetland Islands; Swaledale- United kingdom; TEFRom-Newzealand; TirolerSteinschaf-Austria;ukidale-Tukituki in Newzealand, Australia-Meat and speciality carpet wool; Valais Blacknose-Switzerland; Waziri-Pakistan; Xinjiang Fine wool-China; Rambouillet – France; Romney sheep – United Kingdom; Roslag – Sweden; Rouge du Roussillon – France; Rosa Mitchell – Switzerland;
A pied animal has a pattern of unpigmented spots (white) on a pigmented background of hair
Romneys are versatile. They are capable of producing both wool and higjh quality meat in harsh conditions. Their fleece and hooves make them suitable for a wide range of environments
Romney wool is well suited to hand spinning because the fiber is quite strong and hasa go goos staple length.
Crutching refers to removal of wool from around the tail and between rear legs of a sheep for hygiene purposes. Mulesing invloves removing strips of wool-bearing skin from around the breech/buttocks of a sheep