1. Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows from an investment. 2. To calculate NPV, you need to identify the cash flows, determine a discount rate, and specify a time period. You then calculate the present value of each cash flow and sum them to get the NPV. 3. If the NPV is positive, the investment is expected to be profitable. If negative, it is expected to result in a loss. NPV takes the time value of money into account but requires subjective inputs that can be difficult to estimate.

1. Net Present Value
In finance, Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference between the present
value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. In this
presentation, we will explore the concept of NPV in more detail.
by ShahRukh Mansuri
Class. MBA 1st Year
Sub : Financial Management

2. Input
Cash Flows
To calculate NPV, we need to identify all
of the cash inflows and outflows
associated with an investment.
Discount Rate
The discount rate is the rate of return
used to calculate the present value of
future cash flows.
Time Period
The time period over which the cash flows
are expected to occur is also an important
input.

3. Net Present Value
1
Calculate the Present Value
The first step in calculating NPV is to determine the present
value of each cash inflow and outflow.
2
Sum the Present Values
The second step is to sum the present values of all cash
inflows and outflows to obtain the net present value.
3
Interpret the Result
If the NPV is positive, the investment is expected to be
profitable. If it is negative, the investment is expected to
generate a loss.

4. Advantages of NPV
Considers Time Value of
Money
NPV takes into account the fact that
a dollar today is worth more than a
dollar in the future due to inflation
and other factors.
Objective Measure
NPV provides an objective measure
of an investment's potential
profitability, which can help investors
make better decisions.
Flexible
NPV can be used to analyze both
long-term and short-term projects,
making it a flexible tool for
investment analysis.

5. Disadvantages of NPV
Subjective Inputs
NPV requires the use of subjective inputs, such as the discount
rate and cash flow projections, which can be difficult to estimate
accurately.
No Consideration of Alternatives
NPV does not consider alternative investment opportunities,
which can make it difficult to compare different investment
options.

6. Application of NPV
Capital Budgeting
NPV is commonly used in capital
budgeting to evaluate potential
investments in machinery, buildings,
and other assets.
Real Estate
NPV can be used in real estate to
analyze potential property
investments, including rental
properties, commercial properties,
and land development projects.
Corporate Finance
NPV is a popular tool used by
companies to evaluate potential
mergers and acquisitions, as well as
other investment opportunities.

7. Conclusion
1 Useful Investment Tool
Despite its limitations, NPV
is a useful tool for evaluating
potential investment
opportunities.
2 Consider Multiple
Metrics
It is important to consider
multiple metrics, such as
internal rate of return and
payback period, when
making investment
decisions.
3 Final Decision is Yours
Ultimately, the final decision to invest in a project should be based on
a thorough analysis of its potential risks and rewards, as well as the
investor's personal objectives and risk tolerance.