1) The document discusses anti-viral drugs, their mechanisms of action, and examples such as acyclovir and zidovudine.
2) Acyclovir is activated in virus-infected cells and inhibits viral DNA polymerase or incorporates into viral DNA to stop replication. It treats herpes infections.
3) Zidovudine is phosphorylated in infected cells and competes with nucleosides to stop viral DNA elongation. It treats HIV/AIDS infections.
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Shadgun(anti viral drugs)
1. ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS
Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry
SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY,
Sheriguda,Ibrahimpatnam,Telangana-501510
Under the guidance of:
Asst. Professor. Ms. G.Nikitha
Presented by:
CH. Shadgun-16U21R0050
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Viruses are ultramicroscopic, obligate, Intracellular
disease causing agents.
• Viruses are inactive in outside the body of host but get
activated with in the host.
• Viruses are completely dependent on host cell for their
replication and utilize the energy by host cells during
protein synthesis and replication of nucleic acid.
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3. TYPES OF VIRUSES
• Viruses posses only one type of nucleic acid either DNA
or RNA.
• They contain a protein coat that surrounds nucleic acid.
• The protein coat is known as capsid which is made up of
smaller units.
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4. DNA Viruses
VIRUSES INFECTION
Human adenoviruses Upper respiratory tract &
eye infection
Hepatitis-B virus Hepatitis-B
Pox virus Smallpox
Varicella zoster virus chicken pox
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6. Viral Replication
• Adsorption and penetration into susceptible
host cells.
• Un coating of viral nucleic acid.
• Synthesis of early regulatory proteins.
• Synthesis of RNA or DNA.
• Synthesis of late regulatory proteins.
• Assembly(Maturation) of viral particles.
• Release from cells.
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8. Classification
A) Substances that inhibit early stages of viral
replication.
B) Substances that interfere with viral nucleic acid
replication.
C) Substances that affect translation on cell ribosomes.
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9. Ideal Properties
• It must posses broad spectrum of antiviral
properties.
• It should completely inhibit viral replication.
• It should have minimum toxicity to host cells
• It should be against resistant viruses.
• It should reach target organ.
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10. Acyclovir
• It is an acyclic 2-deoxy guanosine derivative is a pro drug
that gets activated in virus infected cells by
phosphorylation which given by oral, I.V, or topical
routes.
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12. Mechanism of Action
• Acyclovir is activated after 3 phosphorylation steps by
viral specific enzymes termed thymidine kinases .
• These active metabolism accumulate in the infected cells
& exert their action by two metabolism.
1) Competitive inhibition of herpes virus DNA
polymerase.
2) Incorporation of Acyclovir into DNA[viral].
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13. Uses
• It has been used for the treatment of herpes
virus infections.
• It is used in the treatment of chickenpox, herpes
simplex encephalitis in normal host & varicella
zoster viral infections.
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16. Mechanism of Action
• Zidovudine gains access into infected cell by diffusion.
• Once the cell the enzyme thymidine kinase catalysis the
phosphorylation of zidovudine converted into
zidovudine 5-mono-di- & Triphosphate .
• The triphosphate competes with the nucleoside
substrate in the DNA.
• The essential requirement for the formation of 5-3-
phosphodiester bond resulting in the elongation of DNA
chain in presence of oh group at 3rd position of de-oxy
ribose sugar.
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17. Uses
• Used in the treatment of HIV-I, HIV-II & human T-cell
lymphotrophic viral infection.
• When administered in both adults & children suffering
from AIDS for prolong life span.
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