Pharmacology, antibiotics

1. ANTIBIOTICS
SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY,
Sheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam
Submitted by
S. MOUNIKA
16U21R0037
Under the guidance of
Miss. S. SOUJANYA
Dept. of pharmacology
1SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATION
• MECHANISM OF ACTION
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• ADVERSE EFFECTS
• THERAPEUTIC USES
2SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY

3. INTRODUCTION
Antibiotic is a naturally occurring, semi synthetic type
of agent that destroys or inhibits growth of micro-
organisms.
Antibiotics are classified in many ways based on:
Chemical structure
Mechanism of action
Spectrum of activity
Type of action
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4. CLASSIFICATION
Based on chemical structure antibiotics are
classified into :
 Sulphonamides
Quinolones
B-lactam antibiotics
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
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5. Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides are a group of bactericidal
antibiotics which act by inhibiting bacterial
protein synthesis.
Classification:
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Aminogylcosides
Systemic
Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Topical
Neomycin
framycetin

6. STREPTOMYCIN
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Transport of the aminoglycoside through the bacterial cell wall and
cytoplasmic membrane.
Binding to ribosomes resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis.
PHARMACOKINETICS:
 Absorption:
Not observed orally.
 Distribution:
Limited tissue penetration and do not readily crosses blood-brain barrier.
 Excretion:
Excretion is through glomerular filtraion
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Neuro-muscular blockade,hypersensitivity
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7. THERAPEUTIC USES
• Tuberculosis
• Infections of conjuctiva or external ear
• Pneumonia
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Pregnancy
Renal dysfunction
Muscle relaxants
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8. B-lactum antibiotics
B-lactum antibiotics consists of 4 membered
lactum ring and thiazolidine ring is attached to
a B-lactam ring that carries a secondary amino
group
Pencillins,cephalosporins,monobactams,carbape
nems and B-lactamase inhibitors belong to B-
lactum antibiotics
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9. Cephalosporins
1st
generation
cefazolin
cefadroxil
2nd
generation
cefuroxime
cefaclor
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3rd
generation
cefotaxime
ceftriaxone
4th
generation
cefepime
cefepirome

10. 1st generation
CEFAZOLIN
MOA-
Binds to pencillin-binding proteins on the bacterial cell
membrane and inhibit cellwall synthesis
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption in GIT,metabolism-unknown,excretion through urine,
halflife 1.5hrs
Adverse effects:
diarrhoea , nausea , abdominal discomforts,blood disorders
Clinical uses:
pharyngitis,otitis,UTI
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11. 2nd generation
CEFUROXIME
MOA-
Binds to pencillin-binding proteins on the bacterial cell
membrane and inhibit cellwall synthesis and shows
increased activity than 1st generation.
Pharmacokinetics:
Penetrates well into most tissues and excreted through
kidneys
Adverse effects:
Neurotoxicity, ototoxicity
Uses:
Lower respiratory tract infection
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12. 3rd generation
CEFTRIAXONE
MOA:
Inhibit cellwall synthesis and more active against gram negative
bacteria
Pharmacokinetics:
Penetrates well into most tissues and excreted through biliary
tract
Adverse effects:
Abdominal pain, diarrhea
Uses:
Meningitis , sepsis
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13. 4th generation
CEFEPIME
MOA
Inhibit cellwall synthesis and more active against
gram negative bacteria
Pharmacokinetics:
Penetrates through blood brain barrier and excreted
through kidneys
Adverse effects:
Nephrotoxicity , ototoxicity
Uses:
Meningitis ,septicaemia ,UTI
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14. Thankyou
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