Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
srija
1. METHODS OF PRODUCTION AND NEW
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Submitted by:
T.Srija (16U21R0019)
SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PPHARMACY
sheriguda,Ibrahimpatnam,Telangana 5010510
Under the guidance of:
Mrs. Priyanka
Dept.of.Pharmaceutics
3. INTRODUCTION:
• There are three main elements in any manufacturing process, inputs
,transformation or production process and output. The
transformation process involves many activities and operations
necessary to convert input into output . Theframe work of these
activities and operations with which the inputs are transformed into
desired output is known asmanufacturing or production system .
• Theproduction system mainly depend on the nature of products to
be manufactured.
• Production systems are mainly classified into the following two
methods ,however none of these methods are universally accepted.
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4. JOBPRODUCTION:
• With job production ,the complete task is handled by a single worker
or group of workers. Jobs can be small-scale /low technology as well
ascomplex /high technology .
• Low technology jobs: Here the organization of production is
extremely simply ,with the required skills and equipment easily
obtainable.This method enables customers specific requirements to
be included,often asthe job progresses.Examples:Hairdressers ;
tailoring.
• High technology jobs: Thisinvolve much greater complexity and
therefore present greater management challenge .
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5. BATCH PRODUCTION:
• Asbusinessgrow and production volumes increase ,it is not unusual
to seethe production process organized sothat “batch methods” can
be used.Batch methods require that the work for any task is devided
into parts or operations .
• Eachoperation is completed through the whole batch before the next
operation is performed .Byusing the batch method,it is possible to
achieve specialization oflabour.
• Concentrate skills(specialization)
• Achieve high equipment utilization.
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6. • Thisis technique is probably the most commonly used method for
organizing manufacture.
• Agood example is the production of electronic instruments .
• Batch methods often result in the build up of significant “work in
progress” or stocks.
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7. MASS PRODUCTION:
• Massproduction is also called asflow production ,repetitive flow
production series production or serial production.
• Massproduction is the creation of many products in ashort period of
time using time saving techniques suchasassembly lines and
specialisation.
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8. • Theaims massproduction method are
1. Improved work and material flow.
2. Reducedneed for labourskills.
3. Added value /completed work faster.
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9. NEW PRODUCTDEVELOPMENTPROCESS:
• New product development or new product introduction is a
specialized activity that deals with complete systematic process of
launching anewproduct.
New product development is very essential to fulfill the old and new
demands of the customers and to adapt to any changesin the product
demand .
Development of new product have become mandatory in today’s
competitive pharmaceutical sector without which acompany survive in
the market.
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10. IDEATIONOVERVIEW:
Ideation overview: TheNPDprocess start with the generation of
pursuable ideas.
• Theseinitially phase-often referred to asthe “fuzzy frontend”-is
typically the most frustrating for left-brained managers who self
describe themselves aslong on analytical skills ,but short on
creativity.
• Somestudies have concluded that over 85% the relevant customer
input can usually be garnered from relatively small “impact” samples
of 10 to 20subjects.
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11. SCREENING OVERVIEW:
1. Strategic attractiveness: Doesthe initiative enhance the companies
competitive position by leveraging existing strengths to capitalize on
an opportunity ,or neutralize acompetitive or technologicaltreat.
2. Financial attractiveness:Are profits sufficiently high relative to
require front-end investment when project risk is considered .
3. Capability to execute: Doesthe company have the requisite skills
and necessary resources to complete to complete the project and
support the launched project.
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12. DESIGN OFOVERVIEW:
Targetcosting: It is aformal process that attempts to mesh aproposed
products features with aviable market price that achieves the
companies profitability goals by:
1. Determining aprice point for an approximate combination of
features and benefits.
2. Subtracting desired profit from the market price to determine the
maximum bearable level of costs.
3. Revalidating the viability of the market price for the redesigned
product.
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13. DESIGN FORMANUFACTURING:
• Design for Manufacturing is the concurent consideration of what a
product is and how it is made , in order to ensure quality, minimize
cost and maximise flexibility. Narrowly defined, DFMfocuseson such
things asrepeatable tolerences easeof assembly and adaptability to
high speed automation .More Broadly, given agrowing trend towards
masscustomization
• Modular platform that include basemodels and avariety add – ons
that can be pre –assembled and managed“virtually”.
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14. • TESTING:
• Prior to full-scale product launches, many companies put New
products and their supporting marketing programs through validating
tests.
• Thetest market provide a“shake out” of the actual product, allow
experimentation with alternative marketingprograms.
• Competitors benefit from a“heads up” that may signal the need to
launch afast –follow product of their own.
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15. • LAUNCH OVERVIEW:
During the launch phase, there are two dominating objectives:
1.Securean adequate distribution base.
2.Build and convert purchase intention across potential buyers.
Typically aphased roll-out most appropriate when :
3. Required launchresources.
4. Time is not of the essence.
5. The“ramping up”of production and distribution capacity is
progressive, butslow.
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