CLASSIFICATION OF SEXUAL OFFENCES
DEFINITION OF RAPE- Sec 375 IPC
Punishment of Rape - Section 376 IPC
STATUTORY RAPE
CUSTODIAL RAPE
DATE RAPE
COMPLICATIONS OF RAPE
Rape trauma syndrome
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE VICTIM & ACCUSED IN CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT EVIDENTIAL MATERIAL COLLECTION IN CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT TYPES & MEDICO LEGAL ASPECTS OF UNNATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES TYPES & MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF SEXUAL PERVERSIONS
Supreme court verdict on 6th Sept 2018
Sex-linked offences -Indecent assault
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR.SANGEETA CHOWDHRY & DR.SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
Asphyxia which means "Pulselessness" and is cause due to absence of oxygen amount in a body. The death cause by asphyxia is known as asphyxial deaths. They are Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation and Drowning.
Legal provisions related to sexual offences (RAPE)Dr-Shezad Khilji
This presentation prepared on the basis of criminal amendment act 2018, in this ppt, I am trying to focus on legal provisions of sexual offences and mainly sections related to RAPE only discuss here.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Psychiatry– it deals with study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic psychiatry- application of knowledge of psychiatry
These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
Asphyxia which means "Pulselessness" and is cause due to absence of oxygen amount in a body. The death cause by asphyxia is known as asphyxial deaths. They are Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation and Drowning.
Legal provisions related to sexual offences (RAPE)Dr-Shezad Khilji
This presentation prepared on the basis of criminal amendment act 2018, in this ppt, I am trying to focus on legal provisions of sexual offences and mainly sections related to RAPE only discuss here.
RAPE (Alongwith Highlights of Ordinance, 2018) Anshuman .
Explains about 'Offence of Rape' & its Punishments unders Section 375 to 376E of Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Highlights of 'Criminal Amendment Ordinance, 2018', along with Landmark Judicial Pronouncements.
toxin
medicine
antidotes
medicolegal duties of a RMP
duties of a doctor
management of a case of poisoing
sources of poisons
gastric lavage
ideal homicidal poison
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE
FORENSIC MEDICINE
INDIAN PENAL CODE
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
INQUEST - Police & Magistrate
COURTS OF LAW
JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD
MEDICAL EVIDENCE
Medical Certificate
Medicolegal certificate
Dying Declaration & Dying Deposition
SUMMONS
RECORDING OF EVIDENCE IN A COURT
WITNESS
DOCTOR IN THE WITNESS BOX
Insanity
Mind in Psychology
DISORDERS OF COGNITION
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
DISORDERS OF AFFECT / EMOTIONS
DISORDERS OF CONATION / BODY FUNCTIONS
Classification of Psychiatric disorders ICD -10
LUCID INTERVAL- Psychiatry & Head Injury
Feigned Insanity
Test for determining criminal responsibilities
McNaughton Rules-The right or wrong test)
Durham’s Rule
Curren’s Rule
American law Institute Test
Civil and Criminal responsibility of an insane
Section 84 IPC
MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT,2017
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
7. Rape
➢ Latin word , Section 375 I.P.C
➢ ‘Rapio’- means ‘To Seize’ (Forcible Seizure).
• RAPE
A Latin word ,
S - 375 IPC
8. ➢A man is said to commit "RAPE" if he –
P I M S
a) Penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina,
mouth, urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to
do so with him or any other person; or
b) Inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the
body, not being the penis, into the vagina, the
urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so
with him or any other person; or
9. c) Manipulates any part of the body of a woman so
as to cause penetration into the vagina, urethra,
anus or any part of body of such woman or makes
her to do so with him or any other person; or
d) ApplieS his mouth to the vagina, anus, urethra of
a woman or makes her to do so with him or any
other person,
10. ➢Under the circumstances falling under any of the
following 7 descriptions:-
1. Against her will.
2. Without her consent.
3. With her consent, when her consent has been
obtained by putting her or any person in whom she
is interested, in fear of death or in hurt.
11. 4. With her consent, when man knows that he is not
her husband & she gives consent because she
believes that he is another man to whom she is
lawfully married
4. With her consent when, at the time of giving such
consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or
intoxication or the administration by him
personally or through another of any stupefying or
unwholesome substance, she is unable to
understand the nature and consequences of that to
which she gives consent.
12. 6. With or without her consent when she is under 18
years of age.
7. When the person is unable to communicate
consent.
13. Explanation
Explanation 1 - For the purposes of this section, "vagina"
shall also include labia majora.
Explanation 2 - Consent means an unequivocal voluntary
agreement when the woman by words, gestures or any form
of verbal or non-verbal communication, communicates
willingness to participate in the specific sexual act:
Provided that a woman who does not physically resist to the
act of penetration shall not by the reason only of that fact, be
regarded as consenting to the sexual activity.
14. Exceptions…
Exception 1
A medical procedure or intervention shall not
constitute rape.
Exception 2
Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his
own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of
age, is not rape.
16. Sec 376 I.P.C
Deals With Punishment For Rape.
376 (1)
1. Whoever, except in the cases provided for by sub-
section (2).
Imprisonment for term not less than 7 years, but
it may be extend up to life imprisonment and also
fine
17. Sec-376 (2)
a) When POLICE OFFICER commits rape
within the limits of his:
Jurisdiction
Custody
Premises of any station.
18. b) Rape By Public Servant With The Woman In His Custody.
c) Rape By Person Of Member Of Armed Forces In The Area
By Virtue Of Development By Central Or State
Government.
d) Rape By Person Of Management Or Other Place Staff Of
A Jail Or Remand Home On Inmate Of Such Jail Or
Remand Home Or Place Or Institution.
19. e. Person Of Management Or On The Staff Of A Hospital
Committing Rape On A Person In That Hospital.
f. Being A Relative, Guardian Or Teacher Of Or Person In A
Position Of Trust Or Authority Towards The Person
Commits Rape On That Person.
g. Commits Rape During Communal Or Sectarian Violence
h. Commit Rape On A Pregnant Women
20. i. Commit sexual assault on a person of under 18 years of
age.
j. Commit sexual assault where person assaulted is
incapable of giving consent.
k. Being in a position of economic or social dominance
commit sexual assault on a person under such
dominance.
21. l. Commit Sexual Assault On A Person Suffering From
Mental Or Physical Disability.
m. While Committing Sexual Assault Causes Grievous
Body Injury Or Disfigures Or Endangers The Life of a
person.
n. Commits Persistent Sexual Assault.
➢ Will be punished for 10 years imprisonment which may
extend to life imprisonment and also be liable for fine.
22. 376-2
P2 A J H T S P 18 C D2 G P
Poor Patients @
A J Hospital
Trust
Scientific
Practices
since 18 years
happening at Casualty & Dentistry Department
run by General Practitioners
23. Sec-376 (3)
Whoever commits rape on a girl under 16 years of
age shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment
for a term not less than twenty years, which may
extend to imprisonment for life, which means
imprisonment for that persons natural life and shall
be liable to pay a fine.
24. Sec 376 (A)
Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent
vegetative state of victim.
Whoever commits an offence punishable under section
(1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 and in the course of
such commission inflicts an injury causes death or cause
the person in persistently vegetative state.
Imprisonment for not less than 20 years extend up to
life imprisonment, means imprisonment for the
remainder of that persons natural life / with death.
25. 376 AB
Whoever commits rape on a girl under 12 years of age
shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a
term not less than twenty years, which may extend to
imprisonment for life, which means imprisonment for
that persons natural life and shall be liable to pay a
fine or with death .
26. Sec 376 (B)
Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife During
Separation- Marital Rape
Whoever commits sexual assault on his own wife, who
is living separately under a decree of separation, without
her consent.
• Punishment:
Imprisonment for not less than 2 years,but may extend
up to 7 years & fine.
27. Sec 376 (C)
Sexual intercourse by a Person in authority
a) A person being in a position of authority or in a
fiduciary relationship.
b) A public servant
c) Superintendent or a manager of a jail, remand home or
other place of custody or a women’s or children
institution.
d) A person being a management of the hospital or the
staff of hospital.
Punishment: Imprisonment for 5 years may extend up to 10
years & fine.
28. Sec 376 (D)
GANG RAPE
Where a woman is raped by one or more persons
constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common
intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have
committed the offence of rape.
Punishment*:
Rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not
be less than twenty years, but which may extend to life
imprisonment and with fine.
29. Sec 376 DA
Where a girl under 16 years is raped by one or more
person constituting a group or acting in furtherance of
a common intention, plus *
Sec 376 DB
Where a girl under 12 years is raped by one or more
person constituting a group or acting in furtherance of
a common intention, plus *
30. Sec 376 (E)
Punishment for repeat offenders
Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence
punishable under section 376 or section 376 (A) or
section 376(D) and is subsequently convicted of an
offence punishable under any of the said sections.
Shall be punished with imprisonment for life,
imprisonment for reminder of that persons natural life or
with death.
32. STATUTORY RAPE:
Sexual intercourse with female with or without consent
and the age of the child being below 18 years
It amounts to rape and is punished under S 376-IPC
CUSTODIAL RAPE:
Rape by a public servant /Police/others who uses his power or
authority to force or seduce a woman in his custody to have
sexual intercourse
DATE RAPE:
Woman is given a drink containing drug like Robypnol/ GHB/
ketamine and she is violated in a drugged state
33. Procedure for examination of
Rape Victim
1. To search for physical signs (injuries).
2. To search, collect and preserve all
physical (trace) evidence.
3. To treat the victim.
34. Step 1: GENERAL PROCEDURE
(Preliminaries)
Step 2: STATEMENT BY VICTIM
(History)
Step 3: EXAMINATION PROPER
Step 4: SPECIAL LOCAL EXAMINATION.
35. Step 1: Preliminaries
General Procedure:
1. Requisition:
From Police or Magistrate or
Victim can go directly to the doctor and later
inform police.
2. Written witnessed Consent:
a) GPE
b) Take photographs
c) To collect trace evidences
d) To release information to the police
36. General Procedure...
3. Identification by police.
4. Examination of the victim should be done without
delay, preferably by a female RMP & a male RMP can
examine ,only if a female RMP not available and in
presence of a female witness .
5. Name of victim, age, marital status & address.
6. Identification marks.
7. Date / Time / Place
of examination
37. Step 2 : History
➢ Statements By Victim:
a) Date / Time / Place of incidence.
b) Location – Indoor / Outdoor.
c) Number of assailants.
d) Alcohol / Drugs.
e) Use of weapons.
f) Struggle / Resistance.
g) Injuries by assailant
h) Relative position.
i) Type of act / Number of act.
j) Use of condoms / lubricants .
38. k) Use of sanitary pad.
l) Ejaculation occurred ,during the act /outside
m) Bleeding occurred.
n) Call for help.
o) Did she loose Conscious..?
p) Did she take bath /defecated /urinated after incidence?
q) Did she change or wash clothes after incidence..?
r) Note her height / weight.
s) General development of victim.
t) Gait
u) Always examine the victim in presence of any third
party, especially female.
39. Step 3: Examination proper
Each item of Clothing has to be removed by the patient
in presence of a RMP
1. Clothes: Look for-
Hairs , Fibre
Blood stains ,Semen
Tears, Loss of buttons
Grass , Mud
40. 2. General Examination:
➢ Undressed & Examined under UV lamp
➢ Violence/struggle marks over-
➢ Fingernail scrapping
Mouth / Throat
Wrist/Arm
Inner side of thigh
Knee
Shoulder and
buttocks
Breast-Love bites ,
bite marks
Lips
41. 3. Hair:
Pubic hair combed out-Non matching & foreign hairs
Living victim – 15 to 20 hairs cut, Dead victim – Pulled off
Hair samples from 6 different parts of head and pubic region.
4. Seminal stains:
➢Matted pubic hair to be collected as close to the skin
➢Swabs:
Introitus and perineum (before hymen examination)
Low vaginal swab (after hymen examination)
High vaginal swabs (speculum under direct vision)
42. ➢Cervical Mucus: If offence is committed more than 48 hours
Smears – dry on slides, fix by heat and label
❖Vagina – glass rod, cotton swab, spatula
❖Posterior fornix – contents aspirated
Swab- with NS – spermatozoa presence and motility
Swab – air dried – clean dry test tube – acid phosphatase.
➢Dried seminal stains: Scraped with blunt knife ,sealed and
sent to Chemical Examiners Lab
➢Presence of spermatozoa in Vaginal secretions is a positive
sign of Sexual intercourse
Seminal stains…
43. 5. Blood stains
➢ Determine source.
➢ Profuse bleed from Vagina– wash out the contents
6. Veneral diseases
➢ Discharges due to gonorrhea / inflammation / syphilis
➢ Cleanliness degree-Redness from chronic inflammation or
irritation must be differentiated from the effect of recent
injury
➢ Other STDs
44. Step 4: Local Examination.
Great variation of external genitalia based on age sexual
maturation body size/shape and other factors depending on
the case
1. Genitals:
Examination should be conducted in good lighting.
Areas of pain and tenderness should carefully noted.
Laxity of vaginal intercourse.
Elongation of posterior fornix of vagina
45. 2. Seminal stains:
Over pubic hairs and other parts of the body.
3. Hymen: look for tears, bleeding;
In Virgin: ruptured hymen has ragged tears with lack
of epithelial healing. Oedema and haemorrhage is seen
In Deflorate women : Hymen is destroyed and small
tags of tissue is seen Caruncle Mytriformis
46. Hymen…
In Child :Usually found intact but may be partially wholly
destroyed or may show bruising and lacerations
In Prepubertal :Tear of hymen posteriorly at 3-9 o’clock
positions associated with bruising lacerations of posterior
fourchette
In Post Pubertal: Oestrogenised hymen is elastic and
penetration can occur without leaving lacerations,
depending on the disproportion of penis and vagina but
also on the amount of force
47. 4. Vagina:
Bleeding
Vaginal swabs: High & Low
Living sperms
Motility of sperms
Acid Phosphatase Test.
Seminal Soiling – Fluorescence test and U.V. Light test.
Dried seminal stains – Scraped with blunt knife &
examined.
Cotton swab - Moisture with saline/air dried and place in
separate containers.
50. The objective of collecting specimens are :
1. Confirmation of crime or allegation.
2. Link between victim & crime scene.
3. Link between victim & assailant
51. Specimens to be collected from victim
Head hair
Pubic hair
Loose hair
Finger nails
scrapping
Matted pubic hairs
Urine
Saliva
Blood – preserved in
NaF/Potassium
oxalate to test for
Drugs/Alcohol/VDRL
.
Swabs
Condoms
Sanitary towels.
52. COMPLICATIONS OF RAPE
Death may occur from:
Shock due to fright & emotion / blunt force injury
Hemorrhage from injuries to genitals
Suffocation / Strangulation
Mental derangements ,convulsions
Psychological trauma
Disrupts victims physical social & sexual life
53. Rape trauma syndrome
Post traumatic stress disorder
Behavioral somatic & psychological reactions that occur
as a result of forcible rape ?attempted rape
Characterized by :
Immediate / acute – disorganization phase
( emotional reactions,tensions, guilt & humiliation)
A long term /reorganization-
(readjusting her life as far as possible )
55. Examination of Accused
General procedures:
If possible accused should be examined with the
same doctor who has examined the victim, for
better correlation between the injuries found on
the victim.
The procedure of examination of the accused is
same as that of victim, except a female attender is
not necessary
56. General examination:
1. Age and general development of genital organs
2. Mental state
3. Behaviour
4. Consumption of Alcohol/Drugs
5. Clothes – Tears/hairs/Cosmetics/Mud/Seminal stains
6. Nail scrapping
7. Inners wears/Pants/Zip
8. Marks of struggle
9. Female hair
10. Matted pubic hair.
57. Specific examination:
Scratches / Bruises
Abrasion on glans penis
Tear of fraenum
Blood stains on penis/scrotum
Presence of smegma
Used condom
DNA profiling
58. Smegma:
• Cheesy secretion of sebaceous gland, consisting mainly of
desquamated epithelial cells, smegma bacilli that are
chiefly found beneath the prepuce
• If penis is not circumcise, foreskin may be retracted and
Smegma can be noted on corona glandis,suggesting
absence of sexual intercourse, since this secretion gets
rubbed off during sexual act .
• Smegma usually requires
about 24hrs to collect.
59. Identification of alleged accused
• Evidence of vaginal epithelial cells on penis
• Fragments of skin or hair under nails of assailant
transferred from the victim
• Signs of injury – Scratches bite marks on hands arms
face
• The seminal extract from victims vagina is compared
with semen of the assailant by grouping the samples –
Acid phosphatase and similar percentage of
spermatozoa in two samples – indicates common origin
• DNA profiling of the samples – valuable tool
61. Sexual intercourse between people who are legally
prohibited from marring because of close blood
relationship.
A personality disorder
Daughter, granddaughter, sister, stepsister, aunt or mother.
Sex between Son & mother - Oedipus complex
Sex between Father & daughter – Electra complex
Sex between Brother & Sister – Pharaoh complex
It is not a cognisable offence ,but when a complaint is
lodged .the case is charged under Sec 376 IPC
62. ➢Reasons of Incest:
1. Mentally defective persons who unable to understand
the prohibitions.
2. Alcoholism
3. Cerebral diseases
4. Between brothers & sisters who separated at birth.
5. Intimacy
63. • ADULTERY / S-497 IPC
Until recently adultery was a criminal offence
In Sept 2018,a bench of SC unanimously struck down
S-497,decriminalizing adultery.
In their verdict ,5 judge bench said that the 158 year old law
was unconditional and violated the articles
14 - Right to equality,
15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race caste sex
or place of birth ,
21- Right to life and personal liberty ,of the constitution.
64. MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF ADULTERY:
Through decriminalized ,Adultery ,if proven is still valid
in Civil Cases as grounds for divorce and nullification of
marriage
66. On 6Th Sept 2018,
• SC considers the 150yrs old ban on
consensual homosexuality to be irrational
arbitrary and incomprehensible and fetters
the right to equality of Lesbian, Bisexual ,
Gay and Transsexual (LBGT) community
• Homosexuality is not a mental problem
• The LBGT community has the same rights
as any other members of society
67. Unnatural Sexual offences
Sexual intercourse against the order of nature with any
man/woman/animal.
Punishable U/S 377 I.P.C. – Life imprisonment/ 10 years
imprisonment and fine.
68. SODOMY / BUGGERY/ SIN OF SODOM
It is the anal intercourse between two males
(Homosexual)or between a male and
female(Heterosexual).
It is used to practice in town called Sodom.
Finally in Sept 2018 SC passed a judgement
decriminalising consensual sex between two adults of
same sex but if anal sex committed by man with
a women ,it will fall under ambit of section 375
69. The act of Sodomy cannot be accomplished without the
consent of the victim unless the victim is a child /
unconscious / intoxicated or physically incapable of resisting
Gerontophilia – Adult is passive agent.
Paederasty – Child is passive agent.
Pedophile – Adult repeatedly engage in sexual activity with
a children below the age of puberty.
Eunuchs – Passive agents in sodomy.
Note:
With consent – its legal
Without consent – Only active partner will be punished.
70. Examination of Passive Agent
Requisition
Consent
History
Date/Time/Place of incident.
Position/Struggle/Any lubricant used
Degree of penetration
Ejaculation – Yes/No
Pain – Yes/No
Bleeding – Yes/No
Defecation – Yes/No
Taking bath after incident – Yes/No
Change any clothes after the incident – Yes/No
71. Local Examination:
1. Anal muscle – dilated, irritable and tender to touch.
2. Digital examination shows loss of elasticity & tone.
3. Haematoma of anal margins.
4. Triangular bruised tear – posterior part
5. Lesions more marked in children.
6. Swabs recovered from anus –
Lubricant/Blood/Hairs/Semen/Veneral disease is
strong evidence of crime.
7. Signs of struggle.
8. Finger nails scrapping.
72. Diagnostic of sodomy:
Semen
Faeces
Lubricant
Pubic hair
(Combination of all 4 are diagnostic of sodomy.)
73. Examination of Active Agent
1. Peculiar smell of anal glands, faecal matter & lubricant on
penis.
2. Abrasion of Prepuce/Glans penis.
3. Tear of fraenulum.
4. Faecal soiling, blood & foreign hairs found around coronal
sulcus.
5. Blood/Seminal stains.
6. Presence of venereal disease.
7. Marks of violence.
8. Clothes – Seminal stains/mixture of semen & faeces.
9. Twisted urethra & elongated and constricted penis at a
distance from glans in habitual sodomists.
74. Bestiality:
Sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animal
like sheep, dogs, etc.
Result of sex starvation /mental aberration
Done by persons employed to take care of animals
A male accused may have his penis stained with his
semen along with animal dung
Animal hair sticking to penis
Human semen may be found in vagina / anus of animal
Punishable under 377 IPC
75. Heterosexual or homosexual practice, but if the victim is a
female its punished under 375 IPC
‘FELLATIO’- Sucking of a male organ by a Male/Female
“CUNNILINGUS”- oral stimulation of female genetalia
Injuries:
Rarely, erythema petechiae bite marks abrasions seen on penis
Death could be due to aspiration of semen or impaction of penis
in hypopharynx
Diagnosis is by finding semen in respiratory tract / stomach of
victim
Buccal Coitus / Sin of Gomorrah
76. Tribadism/Lesbianism
• Female homosexuality
• It is sexual gratification of a woman obtained by another
woman by simple lip kissing, deep kissing, generalized
body contact, manual manipulation of breast and
genitalia, genital appositions, friction of external genital
organs, sucking of breast or external genital organs, etc.
• Lesbianism is an offence,if practised without consent ,if
the act involves a child or if practiced in a way that
becomes a public nuisance .
78. Sexual perversions / deviations are persistently
indulged sexual acts or fantasies in which complete
satisfaction is sought and obtained without sexual
intercourse.
These are acts which are socially prohibited or
unacceptable or biologically undesirable
80. SADISM:
•Sexual gratification obtained / increased from acts of
physical cruelty or infliction of pain upon one's partner.
•Commonly in men.
•To obtain sexual gratification the sadist may bite, beat, whip,
produce cuts, cigarette burns, etc., or ill-treat or torture his
sexual partner
LUST MURDER:
•Extreme sadist !
•Homicide killing in which offender gets erotic satisfaction
•Followed by erection & Ejaculation
•Manifested by :
Murder – During sexual intercourse followed by gratification
Mutilation – Cutting / Stabbing of Breast & Genitals
81. VOYEURISM/ SCOPTOPHILIA/ PEEPING TOM:
•Perversions- sexual gratification is obtained by means other
than intercourse
•watching private parts of opp sex / Capturing sexual
intercourse without their knowledge
•Mostly in males
•S 354 IPC is punished –
•Simple / Rigorous imprisonment extending from 1 to 3
years + Fine
•On subsequent conviction : Min 3 years max up to 7 years +
Fine
82. MASOCHISM (PASSIVE ALGOLAGNIA)
•Opposite of sadism.
•Sexual gratification is obtained or increased by the suffering
of pain.
•Gets pleasure from being beaten, abused, tortured.
humiliated, enslaved, degraded or dominated by their sexual
partner.
•Seen in males and females, who may willingly expose
themselves to the risks of severe bodily injury or get
murdered at the hands of their brutal husbands or lovers.
•Sadism and masochism are usually found in combination,
which is called bondage.
83. FETICHISM:
•Sexual disorder in which sexual urges and fantasies
persistently involve the use of non-living objects by
themselves or at times with a sexual partner .
•Seen in males
•Common fetish objects are feet ,shoes ,brassiere
,undergarments and articles of female apparel.
•These perverts may masturbate on these articles.
84. NECROPHAGIA:
This is extreme degree of sadism in which the person after
mutilating the body, sucks or licks the wounds, bites the
skin, drinks the blood and eats the flesh of his victim to
derive sexual pleasure.
85. TRANSVESTISM OR EONISM:
•A deviant practice of wearing the clothing of opposite sex for
emotional or sexual expression
•The transvestite gains emotional
satisfaction from dressing in the
clothing of opposite sex
• It is found in both sexes,
but more common in males
86. TROILISM
• It is a deviant behavior of getting sexual pleasure by a
male by watching his wife or another female engaged
in sexual intercourse with another man.
•He may engage in masturbation while observing the
act
87. BOBBIT SYNDROME:
• This is a type of perversion in which the female partner
amputate- the penis of her male partner with a sharp-cutting
weapon.
UNDINISM:
•Sexual pleasure obtained by witnessing the act of urination
by someone of the same or opposite sex.
• In some cases, pleasure is obtained by being urinated upon
by loved one or in urinating on him or her.
88. SEXUAL ORALISM:
•Sexual pleasure obtained from the application of the mouth to
the sexual organs. It is seen both in heterosexuals and
homosexuals.
• Anilingus / Rimming - is the kissing. licking and sucking of
the anus by a sexual partner.
•Cunnilingus (mouth job) is the kissing, licking and sucking
of a female's genitals by her partner.
•Fellatio (irrumination; blow job) is the stimulation of the
penis by the partner's mouth..
89. FROTTEURISM:
•The practice of rubbing his private parts against another
person.
•Pervert male ,in a crowed public transport and other
places, associated with funding the breasts and other
body parts of the female.
•They may even ejaculate on the clothing or body of a
women
•Punished under S 290,IPC
90. URANISM:
• It is a general term for sexual perversion which
includes sexual gratification by fingering, fondling,
licking and sucking of the genitalia of opposite sex
92. Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage
her modesty not necessarily aimed at sexual intercourse/
gratification.
Imprisonment of one year, which may extend to 5 years and
fine
Outrage means gross violation of decency, morality or
feelings.
93. S. 354-A, I.P.C:
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Physical contact and advances involving sexual
overtures, a demand or request for sexual flavors,
making sexually colored remarks, showing
pornography
Punished for imprisonment of 1 to 5 years or with
fine or both.
94. S. 354-B, I.P.C:
Assault or use of criminal force to woman or
compelling her to be naked with intent to disrobe
Imprisonment of not less than 3 years, may extend to 7
years and fine.
S. 354-C, I.P.C: VOYEURISM:
Imprisonment of not less than 1 year; may extend to
3 years and fine; for second and subsequent offences
imprisonment of 3-7 years.
95. S. 354D, I.P.C
STALKING
Whoever follows a woman and contacts or attempts
to contact such woman to foster personal interaction
repeatedly, despite a clear indication of disinterest
by such woman, or monitors the use by a woman of
the internet, e-mail or any other form of electronic
communication.
Punished with imprisonment up to 3 years and fine
99. MAY THE GRACIOUS GOD
BLESS US ALL ALWAYS
WISHING YOU ALL SUCCESS
FOR YOUR UPCOMING EXAMS
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entertained -
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