Sexual And Gender Identity, Personality, And Eating...

Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating...
Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders
Case Analysis
Introduction
Abnormal disorders diagnosed in the DSM–IV–TR, a multi–axial diagnostic tool, used by
clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical professionals for the classification of mental
disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM–IV–TR covers classifications
of mental disorders that include unwelcome types of distress and impairment, that constitutes mental
disease, disorder, and or disability. This paper takes into account the diagnostic categories of sexual
and gender identity, personality and eating disorders along with the basic distinction. Axis I and
Axis II provides a quick reference for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biological components disorders in personality disorders include altered brain structures, reduced
gray and white matter, various neurotransmitter abnormalities, prenatal substance exposure, and low
serotonin levels. The beliefs that some personality is the result of an overlap of genetics and
environmental effects. Emotional Personality disorders generally reflect a disruptive childhood from
which the child learns to rely on maladaptive defense mechanisms. Parental criticism and ridicule
are central themes underlying these disorders. Additional research supports claims of childhood
sexual or physical abuse, although this is not always characteristic in these disorders (Hansell &
Damour, 2008). Cognitive Cognitive components of personality disorders include the understanding
that childhood experiences shape specific thought patterns or outlines, which have a significant
effect on patterns of the individual's behavior and perception which later becomes the personality.
Maladaptive belief's and behaviors are characteristics in personality disorders were therapy works
towards replacing these beliefs and behaviors with more effective and useful ones. Behavioral
Personality disorder are produced by maladaptive
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The Media and Negative Body Image Essays
The Media and Negative Body Image
Picture the world controlled by the media. Could you imagine how ugly, scarce, and hateful it would
be. What would you do if a magazine or a television show told you that your body weight had to be
twenty pounds lighter to be all most perfect? Would you actually consider the fact or let ignore it?
Teens, mainly girls, will be sucked into these magazines. (National Eating Disorders Info Centre 15)
These could be magazines like Seventeen and Cosmo Girl. In addition with many others of course.
All though, the media is a bad example at times it is not precisely the main issue for negative body
image. (National Eating Disorders Association 1) All though, these constant screaming messages the
media produces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Still, the vast majority are adolescents and young adults. Approximately one percent of adolescent
girls develop anorexia nervosa, and dangerous conditions where they will literally starve themselves
to death. (National Eating Disorders Info Centre 1) Warning signs of anorexia nervosa include the
following: dramatic weight loss, refusal of eating certain foods, frequent comments about being or
feeling fat, denial of hunger, constant excuses to avoid meal time, and withdrawal from usual
friends or activities. ( National Eating Disorders Association 2) With bulimia a person will binge
food and then force themselves to vomit. They also use laxatives to get the food out of their
systems. Between eighty and ninety–five percent of bulimics are women.
(Cauwels 3) Bulimic can grow to a point where it takes complete control of life. Bulimia is
frequently associated with a typical depression. (CQ Researcher 869) In example, a typical
depression can be concluded from the environments a person lives, works, or attends school at.
Bulimic behavior ranges from occasional overeating at parties to consuming fifty thousand calories
and vomiting twenty times a day. (Cauwels 3) Warning signs for bulimia nervosa include the
following: evidence of binge eating, evidence of purging behaviors, excessive exercise, unusual
swelling of the cheeks and jaw area, stained teeth, and withdrawal of friends or activities. (National
Eating Disorders

Analysis Of Kendal Et Al Developed Around The Idea Of...
Qualitative
The research conducted by Kendal et al developed around the idea of young people, eating disorders
and how this was extended on to social networking, specifically through a discussion forum run by
an eating disorders charity. The Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) was utilised to identify
the quality of the research Boeckmann and Rohn (2014).
Statements of the aims of the research
The aims of the research were instantly identified as the researchers presented the aims clearly in the
introduction. Identifying the aims and statement of the research reflect the direction of the research
almost immediately and formulates the title of the article. There is also an importance behind the
research that is clear and relevant as young people (10–19 years old) are suffering from eating
disorders.
The introduction is authentic about the seriousness of the aims and a clear statement of the research,
the introduction is very well referenced. Nevertheless, the introduction could be broken down into
two sections which would consist of a brief introduction to be followed by a distinct literature
review where the secondary sources would be introduced. The structure of the entire is complete
with relevant and necessary secondary sources.
Appropriateness of Methodology
"Qualitative research aims to generate in–depth accounts from individuals and groups by talking
with them, watching their behaviour, and analysing their artefacts". (Kuper, 2008 P.288) The
qualitative

Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification...
Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression
Scheff's Labelling Theory is a process which involves labelling people with mental disorders when
they produce behaviour that does not fit with socially constructed norms and labelling those who
reflect stereotyped or stigmatized behaviour of the 'mentally ill'. A disadvantage of labelling an
individual with depression is that labelling can accentuate and prolong the issue. In addition by
labelling someone with depression who in fact is not depressed may in fact become depressed as a
result. Another problem is that labelling an individual with depression means that they can have
problems with getting a job and leading a life in the future because ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are also issues relating to reliability which may affect the diagnosis. One type is Test–retest
reliability, which occurs when a practitioner makes the same consistent diagnosis on separate
occasions from the same information. In terms of depression this can be applied if the same Doctor
or Psychiatrist gives a patient a diagnosis of depression on two separate occasions. The other is
Inter–rater reliability occurs when several practitioners make identical, independent diagnoses of the
same patient. This can be applied to depression by confirming that the diagnosis of depression is
accurate in a given situation.
Issues of validity also arise in the diagnosis of depression. For example, Predictive validity occurs if
diagnosis leads to successful treatment, then the diagnosis can be seen as valid. Under the heading
of depression, there are a series of depressive disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder, Pre–
Menstrual Disorder etc. In terms of depression predictive validity will occur if the right diagnosis is
made followed by a subsequent correct course of action.
Research by Sanchez–Villegas et al (2008) supports the 'predictive validity' of depression diagnosis.
They assessed the validity of the Structured Clinical Interview to diagnose depression, finding that
74.2% of those originally diagnosed as depressed had been accurately

Depression And Binge Eating Disorder Essay
Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
The Relationship between Depression and Binge–Eating Disorder–
Literature Review
Foundations of Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Abstract
The focus of this intervention design is the relationship between binge–eating disorder and
depression. In May of 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
was published. With this publication came the introduction of binge–eating disorder as a formal,
independent diagnosis. As a result, there is a gap in the literature in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It was originally considered that, like bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, binge–eating disorders
occurred in females at a rate of 10 to 1 (Striegel–Moore and Franko, 2003). But studies have shown
that a significant portion of men have binge–eating disorder as well ( Early trials showed that
although the samples were not separated for race or gender, it became evident that binge–eating
disorder affected both differing races and genders in similar ways. These studies lead to the first
"large–scale surveys to examine eating disorders in male and non–White populations" (Striegel–
Moore and Franko, 2003, p. S22). Studies have shown that "approximately 29% of subjects in
weight control programs met the criteria for [binge–eating disorder]," (Spitzer, Yanovski, Wadden,
Wing, Marcus. Stunkard, Devlin, Mitchell, Hasin, & Horne, 1992, p. 137). Possible risk factors for
binge–eating disorder are still largely unknown at this time (Striegel–Moore and Franko, 2003),
although some similarities amongst clients have been identified. These include: preoccupation with
body image and weight, impairment in social functioning, significant time of adult life spent dieting,
and a history of mental health concerns including alcoholism, depression, and anxiety (Spitzer et al.,
1992).
Studies have shown that there is evidence of high rates of comorbidity between binge–eating and
other psychiatric and physical health

Memorization is Not Needed with the Internet Essay
One of the most important realizations I have made during my educational journey is the knowledge
that I cannot memorize all content. Due to this fact, having easy access to resources as needed is of
great benefit. Knowing that there are varied and complex issues in the Ethics of Health Care, below
are seven websites to use as a reference:
The World Health Organization (WHO) (http://www.who.int/ethics/en/) is an important website
because it provides data and statistics on topics that matter not only to public health of United States
citizens, but to the health of the entire world. The website is robust with "fact sheets" that provide
high level information supported with data. In addition, there is information for the many
publications ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a health care administrator, keeping updated on the stance of influential groups such as the AMA
is in the best interest of the organization in which you manage.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIH) (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/organization/dsir/the–
ethics–of–mental–disorders–research–program.shtml) combines two important ethical topics: the
care of mental disorders and the development of research programs to help the members of the
community too often underserved in our health care systems. The website provides links to clinical
trials offered for varied disorders including depression, eating, and anxiety disorders to name a few.
This website is important to the health care administrator because keeping the mental health of the
community healthy leads to a decrease in hospitalizations and acute care services.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (http://www.ethics.va.gov/) has a focus on providing
continuous and ethical care to the men and women who serve our country. I particularly liked this
website because it discusses the need for "improving ethics quality." In addition, the website
features a quality improvement tool to review systematically, document, and link to resources
relating to ethical issues. The website would be an asset to any health administer because veterans
are an important part of any community. In addition, communities have an ethical duty to take care
of the men and women that have protected and

Eating Disorders and Free Essays
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The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder – The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder
Imagine waking up every morning, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping symptoms that are key to
their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one
of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by number of calories eaten in
a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger.... [tags: Causes of Bulimia, Eating
Disorders]
:: 8 Works Cited 2846 words
(8.1 pages) $39.95 [preview]
The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder – The
Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders. Without the knowledge of research,
one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves
that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of
the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder
within a population.... [tags: Causes of Bulimia, Eating Disorders]
:: 9 Works Cited 1733 words
(5 pages) $24.95 [preview]

The Assistance of Eating Disorders by Depression – The Assistance of Eating Disorders by
Depression As a fragile

Eating Disorders : A Common Phenomenon Among Men
Eating disorders have been a common phenomenon among men, and it is no longer considered
niche topic. According to Gerbasi et al. (2014), males who are suffering from this disorder have
been faced with immense stigmatization in an attempt to overcome it, and they have been neglected
in the treatment process. There are numerous stereotypes associated with eating disorders that have
inhibited the evidence–based treatment among males and it has mitigated effectiveness in the
management of problems that are gender specific. Clinicians who are often involved in treating
males having eating disorders are likely to be challenged. There are limited resources addressing
treatment of male's eating disorders as most of the treatment paradigms have been directed to their
female counterparts (Crisp and Burns, 2003). Although the trend is currently changing, there is need
for more studies to be conducted that address issues that are gender–specific and ensure that the
society have a clear knowledge on the issues facing the society.
There are various types of eating disorders, and the most notable include the bulimia nervosa and
the anorexia nervosa. Based on the study conducted by Rosling iet al., (2011), 10% of the patients
with these two eating disorders were male, and the study also revealed that most of them were
struggling from the bulimia nervosa disorder. In the research conducted in 2007 by Berkman et al.,
it outlined that was increase in the number of male with the disorder s

Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa Essay
In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are
unique and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several
overlapping symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined
objectively by number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger.
Binge eating has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of
those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for
their respective disorder. Because both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therapies used.
Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is a derivative of therapy designed for depressed individuals, which
originated from the New Haven–Boston Collaborative Depression Project (Fairburn et al 1993). It
borrows from the psychodynamic school of psychology, but concentrates on interpersonal
functioning and involves three steps: 1) the first is an intensive analysis of the interpersonal context
which the disorder develops and is maintained 2) the second involves addressing the interpersonal
problems and contracting with the patients to work on these problems 3) the third deconstructs
feelings about termination of therapy, reviews progress and outlines future work (Fairburn et al.
1993).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most commonly used type of psychotherapy
(Peterson & Mitchell 1999). It is based on the cognitive view of bulimia nervosa, which weighs
attitudes towards shape and weight as most significant for maintenance of the disorder. Therapy
actually includes a combination of behavioral and cognitive directives aimed at changing patterns of
behavior, attitudes of shape and weight, and cognitive distortions such as low self esteem (Fairburn
et al. 1993).
Behavioral therapy (BT) is similar to CBT but concentrates on behavioral procedures used to
normalize eating habits. The major features are regaining control over eating, establishing a regular
pattern of eating, and cessation of

Eating Disorders Among Teenagers: Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
This research task is based on the prevalence of eating disorders amongst teenage girls in our School
amongst the ages of 15–18. This is a valid topic as being a teenage female in an all–girls school; it is
a very easily relatable topic. I am interested to find out about the prevalence of eating disorders in
my school and ultimately in helping the girls who are suffering from a disorder and are not getting
the sufficient help that is needed when one if suffering from Bulimia or Anorexia Nervosa.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definitions
1. Eating disorder
Source A
Source: Internet dictionary
Written by: Oxford press
Word in dictionary: Eating disorder
Date of access: 06/05/2014
The oxford dictionary states that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a., 2014)
This source is valid as it was last updated in February, 2014. It is reliable as the article has been
written by 2 health professionals. It is useful because it outlines signs and symptoms of anorexia
nervosa and there are no limitations.
Causes
1. Anorexia Nervosa
Source E
Source: Video
Led by: Dr. Stephen touyz
Video: what causes anorexia nervosa? – Dr. Stephen Touyz eating disorders Sydney Australia FAQ
Date of access: 06/05/2014
Doctor Stephen Touyz says that the cause of anorexia nervosa is not completely known but what
professionals do know is that patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa are usually
Perfectionists
High achievers
Highly anxious children

Other factors thought to cause anorexia nervosa are:
Genetic vulnerability
Society
Upbringing
Family situation
(Video: (dr., 2012))
This source is valid as it has been filmed within the last two years; it is reliable because the video is
led by the professor of clinical psychology at the University of Sydney, Australia, as well as the
executive chair for eating and dieting disorders. It is useful as it gives some clarity on the causes of

My Career As A Clinical Psychologist
The aim of this portfolio is to present my career choice as a clinical psychologist and to show the
skills and experience I have gained and those that I have yet to gain, plus an account of how I expect
to gain them. I will continue to discuss personal experiences which really pushed me to pursue my
goals, along with a list of disorders which take my interest. Next, I will provide a few different
organisations relating to psychology and the importance of good health care. I will showcase and
discuss my CV followed by the importance of self–development and self–reflection. Images
regarding clinical psychology and other surrounding areas will be viewable in my appendices.
My future career goals are for me to become a clinical psychologist. I have been striving to work
with disorders for a long time now, and feel this occupation is best suited to my goals. Before my
current course, which is Psychology and Psychotherapy with Counselling, I did a year of
psychology with The Open University which acted as an access course and allowed me to be
accepted into UCLAN. My course at UCLAN will guide me in achieving the knowledge, skills and
experience I need to get to my goals as a clinical psychologist.
Although I have always had an interest in this field, personal experiences really gave me that push
to pursue my goals in helping others. Around the age of 14 I developed an eating disorder, anxiety
and depression, which was strenuous emotionally, mentally and physically for my–self

The Treatment Of Eating Disorders
Life Without Ed: How One Woman Declared Independence from Her Eating Disorder and How You
Can Too
Janessa Kongable
Abnormal Psychology
July 8, 2015
Abstract
Eating disorders are complex, challenging, and sometimes life–threatening psychiatric illnesses.
There are specific diagnostic criteria and symptoms a person must exhibit in order to be diagnosed
with anorexia nervosa or bulimia. These symptoms primarily relate to a disturbance in eating
pattern, weight loss, an intense fear of being fat, and a disturbed body image. The etiology of eating
disorders is not clearly understood, but psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors need to
be considered. The treatment approach for anorexia nervosa and bulimia is also challenging and can
present with serious medical complications and potentially death if not properly addressed.
Recovery is possible, and the case study of Jenni Schaefer, who suffered from anorexia nervosa,
binge–purge subtype since her childhood is presented to share this message of hope. More research
is needed to help further understand the characteristics, cause, and treatment of eating disorders.
Introduction
An eating disorder is one of the most life–threatening and complicated psychiatric diagnosis there is
in mental health care (Nevid, Rathus, and Greene, 2014). One would think the treatment would be
simple, "just eat, and things will be better." However, the recovery process is much more complex
and challenging. The book,

The Manual Of Mental Disorders
The latest manual of mental disorders (DSM–5) includes various changes in the Feeding and Eating
Disorders chapter as a significant number of professionals diagnosing patients realized individuals
were not fitting into certain criteria and therefore being labelled with EDNOS "Eating Disorder Not
Otherwise Specified". Some of the substantial changes to the Diagnostic Manual include changes to
the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. With this is mind my essay with focus on
one of these specific subtypes. With evidence showing there has been an increase in Anorexia in the
high risk–group of 15–19 year olds in the past decade, and Bulimia on the decrease since the early
nineteenth century (Smink, Hoeken, Hoek 2012) my chosen subtype will be Anorexia Nervosa. As
statistics are increasing further than those of other subtypes it merits singular discourse. AN remains
the most deadly of all mental health disorders, with a 5–10% death rate within 10 years of
developing the symptoms, and an 18–20% death rate within 20 years.
According to the set criteria of the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of all Mental Disorders
AN is characterized by "distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss
with a pathological fear of becoming fat" (DSM–5, 2013) and I shall outline Evolutionary reasoning
and Biological reasoning behind this statement.
The evolutionary approach states current human behaviour can be understood in terms of how it
may have

5361 THE CASE OF ALICIA- ANOREXIA
U9–Final Assignment: The Case of Alicia Flor Chavez COUN5106 – Assessment Tests and
Measures December 13, 2014 Lynn Jones Ph.D. Unit 9– Final Assignment Diagnosing potential
Anorexia nervosa is not always easy, and Alicia's case, based on information given and her
representation, is not clear cut. Researchers argue that the diagnosis has to be done carefully and
potential ambiguities have to be resolved (Baer & Blais, 2010). For example, some researchers have
argued that one criterion, such as a fear of being fat, can decrease significantly when the person
actually loses some weight (Surgenor & Maguire, 2013). For reasons like this, selecting the primary
question, namely whether or not the patient has Anorexia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The first thing to consider is Alicia's BMI. She stated that her weight is 120 pounds, but based on
her appearance and loose–fitting clothes, it could be that she underreports her weight as it is quite
common for individuals with eating disorders to hide and lie about their real weight. So if we are to
assume that Alicia's weight is at least five pounds less than she says (which is a conservative
estimate), her BMI is around 19.1. This score indicates the borderline situation, which, according to
some researchers, is on the low range of normal weight (Hilbert et al., 2007). According to other
researchers, this BMI will put Alicia in the underweight category. Still, this weight is not yet
dangerously low, so additional assessment is needed. The Eating Attitude Test yields the overall
score and has three subscales that can help determine some specifics. The overall score has a cutoff
of 20, and those who score less than 20 are considered as not having an eating disorder, while those
who score 20 and more will have to be evaluated by the follow–up assessment tool (Garner &
Garfinkel, 1979). The subscales reveal information about bulimia, food preoccupation, dieting and
oral control subscales. If any of behavioral questions are selected, this adds additional evidence as to
the presence of weight–controlling behaviors. Accordingly, if Alicia has a BMI that falls into the
underweight category according to this test, scored 20 or more, and selected at least

Relation: Infant Mother Attachment and Eating Disorders
The purpose of this paper is to correlate the links between infant mother attachment and eating
disorder behavior. Throughout this paper the two main theorists that are looked at are Mary S.
Ainsworth and John Bowlby. Mary S. Ainsworth's framework of attachment theory began in
Uganda, while studying individual difference in infant behavior, which is known as the Strange
Situation. John Bowlby coined the theory of infant mother attachment based on object relations
psychoanalytical theory and the conceptualization that infants need healthy maternal bonds for later
functioning as adolescents. Eating disorders have reached epidemic proportions over the last 30
years. Research shows that individuals with eating disorder have higher levels ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, when Ainsworth was in Uganda she coined the term secure base relationship after she
noticed that infants did not always stay close to their mother, infants explored objects and interacted
with others, however, at the same time, returning back to their caregivers (Ainsworth, 1969).
According to Ainsworth, there are three evident attachment patterns that can develop: secure,
ambivalent and avoidant infants. Ainsworth felt it was necessary for a child to transition from a
mother's attachment and vulnerability to autonomy and independence as a factor in normal healthy
development. One of the key points of Ainsworth's security theory is that infants need to "develop a
sense of direction and secure dependence on parents" before leaving the nest into a strange and
unfamiliar situation (Bretherton, 1992). According to Ainsworth, "Familial security in the early
stages is of a dependent type and forms a basis from which the individual can work gradually,
forming new skills and interest in other fields." Ainsworth "contributed the concept of the
attachment figure as a secure base from which an infant can explore the world" (Bretherton, 1992, p.
759). Bowlby and Ainsworth were both influenced by Sigmund Freud during their careers, however
they both worked independently on their research (Bretherton,

The 's Dilemm A Natural History Of Four Meals
How well do you know about the food you eat? Why is it so hard to choose what to eat and what to
buy? Modern people can barely make choices about what is good to eat and buy unless following
the expert's advises. However, there is one man, Michael Pollan, wrote "Omnivore's Dilemma: A
Natural History of Four Meals", published in 2006, and he wants to persuade general public to
rethink their food choices and relation with food, and provoke their awareness of eating. Pollan
builds up his credibility by approaching the question through various perspectives, and by critically
analyzing the issue of eating disorder. To illustrate his claims, Pollan explains his key words of his
work via his narratives. He, however, does not figure out any practicable solutions to deal with the
omnivore's dilemma. In his book, Pollan first sets the stage by delineating the eating habits changes
in 1970s and 2000s. He then emphasizes the relationship between food and culture, and the
contraction between French paradox and American paradox further illuminates his perspective.
Pollan soon outlines the concept of omnivore's dilemma as well as strengthens his viewpoint that
American eating disorder is caused by lack of a stable cultural tradition. To more completely
demonstrating his belief, he classifies the four meals into three principal food chains, the industrial,
the organic, and the hunter–gather. At the end, he states this book is about the pleasures of knowing
your own eating, and urges

The Importance Of Teamwork And Health Care
Teamwork is vital in healthcare. When all participants are engaged in a program, goals are
successfully achieved. Being able to communicate and work collectively as a team requires an
appreciation for each other's area of practice. Every team member has an important role and being
acknowledged provides a sense of responsibility and accountability. Essentially, inter–professional
collaboration helps ensure that the patient is getting care that is not only accessible but also
comprehensive. The plan of a patients' care includes active participation by all health care
professionals working interdependently in accordance to the patient's preferences, values and
beliefs. The health care team accomplishes the goal of meeting the patient's medical needs by
delivering evidence–based practice. To deliver quality care, the patient should always be involved.
Maintaining organized, evidence–based practices that is age sensitive is also a priority. As a health
care provider in a college campus, it is important to keep in mind that a students' health status will
directly impact the student's academic career. Providing care to young adults under the age of 35
requires communication strategies that will promote self–management and disease prevention.
Clinics in college settings help prevent, diagnose and manage diseases for students as they pursue
their educational goals. Also, college campus clinics help link students to available community
resources. Health services in

Media 's Impact On Media Consumption Essay
Technology drives the world in which we live in, and mobile technology is at the forefront, allowing
users to access an infinite amount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week
(XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from
television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices,
creating a 'bedroom culture' (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has
particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online
platforms, which have become an integral part of our daily lives. SNS enable users to follow the
lives of models, celebrities and peers, at the touch of their fingertips (Barlie, 2011). Platforms, such
as Instagram a photo–sharing platform, are venues whereby celebrities, models and peers can post
images which can be viewed largely by anyone. Users are consequently being continuously exposed
to 'thin' images that many believe depict 'the ideal beauty'. As Sumner (2016) points out, the ability
to be immersed into a world of 'ideal beauty' can "provide a dangerous playground for adolescents
and young adults". This is explained through the use of various psychological theories such as
cultivation theory (XXX) which come into practice, whereby individuals begin to believe that the
images on their news feed, are true representations of reality (Grabe et al, 2008). Many fail to take
into account that the images which depict

Cbt for Eating Disorder
n the case of anorexia, this means, in addition, teaching about the physical consequences of the
disorder and of abnormal eating behaviours and of any attempt to make changes. It also means
teaching the principles of normal eating behaviour and nutrition. The use of a cognitive therapy
approach makes it feasible to directly explore and question common assumptions about the
importance of weight and shape. Having aired these assumptions, clients can decide whether they
wish to continue to espouse them, modify them, or replace them with alternative ones. At a deeper
level too, the approach makes it feasible to address more personal issues regarding self–worth. So,
while the therapy takes on board the task of tackling individual assumptions ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The number of people attending usually ranges from four to eight plus two staff. The topics covered
in groups include medical management, nutrition, cognitive behavioural techniques, creative
expression, stress management, adolescent issues and school issues. If you are admitted to hospital
after you have commenced group therapy as an outpatient, you can attend group if you are
medically stable. Group programs are also available for inpatients – see Admission to Hospital.
http://www.pmh.health.wa.gov.au/services/eating_disorders/services/group.htm#parents w.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and behavior therapy (BT) have been used for many years as
first–line treatment, and they are the most–used types of psychotherapy for bulimia. CBT involves
three overlapping phases. The first phase focuses on helping people to resist the urge to engage in
the cycle of behavior by educating them about the dangers. The second phase introduces procedures
to reduce dietary restraint and increase eating regularity. The last phase involves teaching people
relapse–prevention strategies to help prepare them for possible setbacks In general, CBT proceeds in
three phases after the introductory sessions. The first phase promotes normalization of eating and
weight rehabilitation, usually with behavioral and psychoeducational techniques. The second phase
focuses on cognitive restructuring to target maladaptive cognitions

Effect Of Adding Family Therapy
Article 2 Godart, Berthoz, Curt, Perdereau, Rein, Wallier, Horreard, Kaganski, Lucet, Atger, Corcos,
Fermanian, Falissard, Flament, Eisler, and Jeammet (2012) seek to understand the effect of adding
Family Therapy (FT) sessions to treatment procedures that are offered to inpatients. The literature
review effectively outlines the limitations of previous research. For instance, although FT has been
praised by past research, its impact on the inpatient population for AN has been overlooked (Godart
et al., 2012). Another discrepancy is whether FT should focus on strengthening relationships within
a family or adjusting the attitude that the family may have on weight and food that may be
pressuring the child; the authors vouch for the first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average age was 16.6 years. All women had a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa as indicated by
DSM–IV and never received FT prior to the study. Patients and family were informed of the study
when admitted to impatient care. Unfortunately, the sample size is quite small and there is a gender
bias. This study only generalizes its results to females in their teens and early twenties who are
hospitalized in inpatient care. Randomization does not occur in the sample selection. Variables and
research methods Godart et al., (2012) randomly divided the participants into two groups each
consisting of 30 people. The independent variable was the inclusion of FT to TAU. This
modification to treatment was measured by the of outcome status in terms of "good,"
"intermediate," and "poor." Underneath these categories lie various factors, such as body mass index
(BMI), menstrual status, and presence of eating disorder behaviors symptoms (Godart et al., 2012)..
The control group consisted of patients who received only the typical treatment provided by the
facility. Treatment as usual included patient consultation, parent interviews, and individual
psychotherapy. A team approach was utilized; patients were assigned a psychiatrist, psychotherapist,
dietician, and social worker to guide them and monitor progress. Parental involvement in TAU was
not as active as in family

Anorexia Nervosa, Case Study
1. The case study. Christine is a sixteen year old girl who has severely restricted her dietary intake.
She is currently forty nine kilograms and height 163cm. Her mother says she was 60kgs six months
ago. In form three, at age fifteen, Christine was removed from the public school she was attending
and put into a private school, where she was awarded the dux prize. She did not have any friends
during this year as she spent all recesses in the library, reporting that ate alone as she 'had no friends
to eat with anyway'. Her mother says that she attends roller skating sessions up to five nights a week
and believes she does this to lose weight. She is pre–occupied with food and is constantly cooking
for the family. She does not sit down with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Downy hair over the body (lanugo), insomnia and early wakening are also characteristic (Wozniak,
Rekleite and Roupa, 2012). 3. Key elements to recovery include patient oriented recovery,
therapeutic relationships, collaboration. Reduce further deterioration and complications of the
illness. The patient is admitted to a psychiatric ward when the risk of death either from suicide or
physical effects of starvation is high (ASEN, 2002). During treatment, as a patient's weight
increases, anxiety and depression may return, increasing the risk of suicide (Asen, 2002). A
comprehensive psychiatric assessment will be carried out including a mental state exam (MSE) and
a risk assessment. Depression is assessed with Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale or
Beck as depression and anxiety are associated with AN (ANZCPG, 2004). Medication may be
prescribed in the form of antidepressants such as fluoxetine; olanzapine decreases hyperactivity of
AN and may reduce overvalued ideas about food, shape and weight (ANZCPG, 2004). The nurse
will monitor vital signs, weight and other tests including, blood tests for deficiencies such as
anaemia, electrolyte balance and cardiac function with ECG (ANZCPG, 2004). In the first stage of

Unit 8 Dsm5
Anorexia is a serious mental health condition. It is an eating disorder where people try to keep their
body weight as low as possible. DSM5 outlines the key diagnostic features for anorexia. Firstly,
people with anorexia will restrict behaviours that promote healthy body weight. This could mean
that they are consequentially underweight and this can be due to dieting, exercising and purging.
There will also be a significant fear of weight gain, but this fear will not be relieved by weight loss.
There will be a persistent fear that interferes with weight gain. Lastly, there will be a disturbed
perception of ones weight and/or shape and denial of underweight status and its seriousness.
Anorexia accounts for 10% of eating disorders in the UK and has ... Show more content on
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Both are eating disorders and individuals with the disorder both have a fear of weight gain. Patients
self worth and evaluation is mainly based on weight and appearance. There is no official cause but
both disorders can be related to culture, family, life/history, stressful situations and/or biology. There
are concerns about weight and body image. There is a poor body image because of cultures
emphasis on thinness. Causes could also involve major stressful life changes or could be because of
participation in activities that are appearance orientated such as ballet or modelling. There are also
many similarities in behaviour, effects on health, treatment and statistics. Behaviour for individuals
with either disorder can include excessive exercise, mood swings, self harm etc. There can be many
effects on health whether these are physical (hair loss, dry skin,) psychological (depression, mood
swings) and social (isolation/withdrawal.) Patients with anorexia and bulimia will also resist
treatment, due to the fear of gaining weight. Statistics show that both disorders can be developed at
any age for both males and

Essay on The Overachievers: The Secret Lives of Driven Kids
Every fall millions of American adolescents gear up to apply for the thousands of colleges and
universities across the nation. For many students this process is a simple–natural progression
through a linear educational track in which no extra preparation, beyond a paper application, is
required. However, for many students college preparation can begin as early as conception.
Alexandria Robbins follows the stories of nine students from Walt Whitman High School in
Bethesda, Maryland. Whitman is known for and could be summarized by a simple term in which
Robbins' book is also titled: Overachievers. The author explores the hectic nature of helicopter
parenting, bureaucratic admission processes, the culture of Ivy (a term describing the upper ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Robbins concludes her bestseller with a seemingly rushed outline of best practices and
recommendations for teachers, parents, students, educators and legislators.
The Science of Psychology The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Psychological
Disorders IV revision describes a variety of conditions that the student participants may have or
were diagnosed with. The students of Overachievers had a variety of psychological disturbances
including, but not limited to, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Clinical Depression, Stress,
Suicidal Ideation, and/or Chemical Abuse. This is not atypical of the average student not only in
America but globally. A 1993 study by Lewishon, Hops, Roberts, Seely and Andrews examined the
prevalence of Depression and other DSM–III–R disorders longitudinally in over 3,000 high school
students. This study found that 9.6% met criteria for a current disorder, more than 33% have been
previously diagnosed and 31.7% of which experienced a second diagnosis later on. In addition, the
research by Lewishon et al. (1993), describes female students as having significantly higher rates of
depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders while male students
experienced higher rates of behaviorally disruptive disorders. While this particular research was
conducted nearly two decades ago and under an old revision of the DSM, it runs particularly parallel
with the accounts of

Negative Effects Of Media On Teenage Girl's Perception Of...
Introduction:
Nedc (national eating disorders collaboration, 2017) define body image as the perception that a
person has of their physical self and the thoughts and feelings that result from that perception. Nedc
(2017) also states that these feelings can be positive, negative or both and are influenced by
individual and environmental factors. Research from Allie Kovar (2009) demonstrates the negative
impacts that the media is having on teenage girl's perception of body image. Allie Kovar (2009)
claims that today in our culture, the "thin ideal" is portrayed in every avenue of the media including
magazines, television shows, movies, and commercials all portray attractive woman as being
extremely thin.
The statement claiming that the Media has a significant negative effect on teenage girl's body image
is supported by the statistics discovered in a survey conducted by Girl Scouts (2010). Girl Scouts
did an online survey in 2010 with over 1000 girls ages 13–17 and discovered that 9 out of 10 girls
felt pressure by fashion and media industries to be skinny. All aspects of the Media such as
television shows, ad commercials, magazines and social media sites contribute significantly to
teenage girl's negative perception of body image, this is reinforced by a second survey conducted by
Girl scouts (2010). Girl scouts survey conducted in 2010 also discovered that over 60% compared
themselves to fashion models, and 46% used fashion magazines as a body image to strive for.
The

Eating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa
There are three main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge–eating
disorder. They all involve serious disturbances in weight regulation and eating habits, accompanied
by adverse effects on social, psychological and physical aspects of one's life ('Eating disorders:
About more than food', n.d.). This essay will specifically be focusing on bulimia nervosa, as
research shows a higher level of stigma associated with it, compared to other eating disorders
(Roehrig & McLean, 2009). Bulimia nervosa is characterised by recurring episodes of binge–eating,
followed by disturbing compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain. Patients usually fall within
the healthy BMI range, but their perception of body image is distorted. It mainly occurs in females,
with 1.7% – 2.5% of women affected (Kruger & Kennedy, 2000). Previous research has recognised
biological, psychological, and sociological factors influencing the development of eating disorders.
Information like this can help researchers identify the public's educational needs and add to any
gaps in their knowledge. It can also help reduce stigma, which in turn may encourage those
suffering to seek help sooner, as they will be less fearful of possible negative feedback from peers
and society (Schaefer et al., 2015).
It is a popular universal belief that eating disorders take form due to societal pressures on young
people to conform to the culturally ideal body image. Research has shown, however,

Effects Of Social Discrimination And Body Size
Social Discrimination and Body Size A Modern–Day Epidemic People whose bodies are viewed as
"too thin" or "too fat" are often subjected to social discrimination. Television has corrupted society
with the idea of "the perfect body" and fueled the idea of body shaming. People often try to excuse
body shaming by tying it to the health risks associated with being anorexic or obese. Body shaming
can lead to the development of eating disorders, self–harm, or worse– suicide. Nothing good can
come of social discrimination. So, what exactly is Social Discrimination? Social discrimination is
more than just an occasional unkind remark or judgemental comment. As Roger Staubach so
eloquently put it, "Discrimination is a disease." People whose bodies are viewed as "too thin" or
"too fat" are often subjected to social discrimination. Social discrimination is focused in three
specific areas: social interaction, education, and employment. People with excess weight face
discrimination in social interactions. For a person who is overweight or obese, these situations
usually aren't isolated incidents. They happen everyday and can add up to a lifetime of misery. In
addition to this, studies show that people with higher BMIs were more likely to be bullied, and
additionally were more likely to bully others. This is a common scenario: Some people who are
victimized eventually learn to deal with it by victimizing others. Low self–esteem can become a
significant barrier to success, especially in

Body Dysmorphic Disorders In The Media
America today is a very media–driven culture, an unending barrage of advertisements and articles
telling people what food they should eat, what clothes they should wear, what their bodies should
look like. The images are seen everywhere, billboards on the highway, ads in magazines or on TV,
even in the shows you watch everyday. Companies use stick thin models to advertise their product
and use PhotoShop and other methods of retouching to make them thinner and to remove their
imperfections. The media is an inherently controversial industry, but have they finally gone too far?
Has the media caused the increase in body dysmorphic disorders (BDD) seen in recent years, or is it
caused by something else entirely? Opposers of the media's exclusive ... Show more content on
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According to a study performed by Brown and Witherspoon, "on average, a child or adolescent
watches up to 5 hours of television per day and spends an average of 6 to 7 hours viewing various
media combined" (Morris and Katzman 1).Young people consume huge amounts of media per day,
more than most other groups. This statistic means that they are exposed to standards in the media a
lot more, allowing for the media to have a pretty heavy impact on them. Not only are adolescents
more exposed to the media, but they are also at a very impressionable time in their lives. A lot of
young women and girls think that they are overweight, even if most of them are within normal
weight ranges; "44% of adolescent girls believed they were overweight and 60% were actively
trying to lose weight," according to one study (Morris and Katzman 2). Even without accounting for
the possible effect of the media, negative body image or low self–esteem is an epidemic amongst a
lot of young girls that have no physical reason to lose weight. But because young girls are the most
impressionable group of people, there is a veritable plethora of possible causes to the increase in
negative body image in adolescents that may include the

Eating Disorder Research Paper Outline
Take A Bite On This Attention Getter: February 4, 1983 was the day that opened the eyes of
America to the view of the damaging effects of eating disorders. This day marks the death of the
very famous singer of the time, Karen Carpenter. Looking glamorous and confident on the outside,
most did not know she was suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (B5). Throughout her teenage years,
she was overweight. In 1967, weighing 140 pounds, Karen was put on a water diet by her doctor.
This brought her down to 120 pounds (B6). Even though she was now at a healthy weight, she was
still insecure due to her large amount of celebrity peers who were the ideal, perfect weight. Taking
dozens of thyroid pills a day and throwing up the little food she ate, by ... Show more content on
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Her research reviewed 21 studies of the media's affect on more than 6,000 girls, 10 years or older.
The results showed that the more the girls were exposed to the fashion magazines, the more they
struggled to have a positive body image. (L2) C) The media should decrease its amount of influence
on having the "perfect" body because more and more people are affected by eating disorders due to
the large impact from celebrities, the press, and advertisement.
II) Many people look up to celebrities as role models, while most are portrayed as having the ideal,
skinny body. A) While many look up and want to be just like them, celebrities are depicted in a way
that is unreal and abnormal. 1) Colleen Thompson, an expert on eating disorders, explains, "Many
teenagers need a role model and someone to look up to. Unfortunately, too many of them choose
fashion models or actresses as role models, they paste picture of them all over their rooms, and
some will resort to dangerous methods of weight control to try and look like their idols." (J1) 2)
Research shows that the more exposed to models and pictures in the media, the more one is to
believe they have to look like that. "This happens even though women know pictures have clearly
been airbrushed," Tara Diversi, dietitian and

Reflection Of The Library Reflection
Throughout the Freshman Inquiry Writing Seminar (FIQWS) in Narrative Medicine, I learned about
the various ways in which we can become better healers to society, doctors who establish a personal
connection with their patient. In addition, I obtained ways to improve my overall writing so that it
sounds more mature, but at the same time interesting. Throughout this course, there were various
course learning outcomes such as developing strategies for reading, drafting, collaborating, revising
and editing, locating research sources in the library's databases or archives and on the Internet and
evaluate them for credibility, accuracy, timeliness, and bias, and composing texts that integrate your
stance with appropriate sources using strategies such as summary, critical analysis, interpretation,
synthesis, and argumentation. Throughout the written assignments in this course, I believe I was
able to improve my writing process as a whole; however, I believe that I could have done a better
job utilizing the library sources present at CCNY, which would have ultimately strengthened my
paper, especially the research paper I wrote. I believe that throughout all my essays, I have
developed strategies for drafting, collaborating, revising and editing. In my first essay, which
focused on the literary analysis of The Aquarium by Aleksander Hemon, I created an outline that
contained quotations that supported my central question: why does Hemon actually decide to name
the title of his piece

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy For Bulimia Nervosa
INTRODUCTION
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating as well as by self–induced
vomiting and/or laxative abuse (Mitchell, 1986). Episodes of overeating typically alternate with
attempts to diet, although the eating habits of bulimics and their methods of weight control vary
(Fairburn et al., 1986). The majority of bulimics have a body weight within the normal range for
their height, build, and age, and yet possess intense and prominent concerns about their shape and
weight (Fairburn et al., 1986). Individuals with bulimia nervosa are aware that they have an eating
problem, and therefore are often eager to receive help. The most common approach to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Behavioral techniques utilized by CBT are designed not only to change certain behaviors, but also
to elicit the individual's cognitions associated with specific behaviors.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT OF BULIMIA
CBT treatment typically lasts about 20 weeks and can be divided into three stages (Fairburn et al.,
1993). In the first stage, the cognitive view on the maintenance of bulimia is presented, and
behavioral techniques are implemented to replace binge eating with more stable eating patterns. In
the second stage, additional attempts are made to establish healthy eating habits, and an emphasis is
placed upon the elimination of dieting. Cognitive processes (previously outlined) are focused upon
extensively in this stage; the therapist and the individual examine his/her thoughts, beliefs, and
values which maintain the eating problem. The final stage is concerned with maintaining the gains
made in therapy once the treatment has been terminated (Fairburn et al., 1993).
The cognitive view of the maintenance of bulimia nervosa stresses that there is more to an
individual's eating problem then just binge eating (and purging). Low self–esteem, extreme concerns
about shape and weight, and strict dieting are all implicated in perpetuating the vicious cycle of
bulimia (Fairburn et al., 1993). Within the first stage of treatment (weekly sessions 1–8), the
following steps characterize the cognitive–behavioral approach: 1) orient

The DSM-5 Summary
The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental Disorders also known as the DSM is used was
published by the American Psychiatric Association as a way to set standard criteria for diagnosis of
the different mental health conditions. Social workers, mental health practitioner and even
researchers in order to, use this book to help them diagnose client. The book is intended to be used
to make an initial assessment of symptoms that a patient might be facing and after the assessment is
done then the clinicians can go about finding interventions to help the client overcome their
disorder. The DSM 5 is divided into three sections and it is these three sections that the clinicians
use to help their clients. The first section is DSM–5 Basics. In the Basics, there is the introduction
which tells why the DSM–5 was created and it states that this book was to "enhance the clinical
usefulness of DSM–5 as a guide in the diagnosis of mental disorders" (Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders: DSM–5, 2013, p. 5). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also in the Introduction a brief history of the DSM–5 is mentioned along with DSM–5 Revision
process, Proposals for Revisions, DSM–5 Field Trials, Public and professional review, Expert
Review, Organizational structure, Harmonization with ICD–11, Dimension Approach to diagnosis,
Developmental and lifespan considerations,

Cultural Imperialism
Body Images, Eating Disorders, and Cultural Imperialism As society begins to grow a dependency
on media, particularly social media, more and more research is being conducted on the effects of
this kind of exposure on self–esteem, body image, and more importantly eating disorders. As society
becomes codependent on the technology that has made life that easier, exposure to marketing
techniques and other social cues has increased and with that increase so has the negative perception
of body image increased. It is because of this growing tendency of humans to develop subconscious
ideas of the perfect body that this paper looks to answer the question of whether American media is
portraying these unhealthy images of a perfect body or perfect human to society. This causes several
negative tendencies from low self–esteem to an array of mental eating disorders due to the
dissatisfaction with one's own body. It is the opinion of this paper that American media is in fact
imprinting these ideas of a perfect and unhealthy image of the human body onto the general public,
whether it be knowingly or unknowingly.
Method
The author reviews studies on the effects of ideal body images in the American media on the general
public, comments on these studies effects on both males and females, and outlines changes that must
be implemented to negate the negative effects on self–esteem and the perception of body image.
Results
Research carried out by the University of South Florida (USF) found

The Journal Of Child Psychology & Psychiatry And The...
The Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry and the International Journal of Eating Disorders are
both academic sources which deal with the topic of eating disorders. However, because genre and
discipline vary between the texts, the use of evidence differs. While "Research Review: What We
Have Learned about the Causes of Eating Disorders– a Synthesis of Sociocultural, Psychological,
and Biological Research" combines information with an emphasis on psychology, "Biological
Therapies for Eating Disorders" focuses strictly on biology. "Research Review" explores the many
different causes of eating disorders and uses credible sources, approachable language, and
appropriate visual aids making it more effective than "Biological Therapies for ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following collection and synthesis of information, scholarly articles such as "Research Review"
endure several rounds of revision. This process in itself increases credibility. "Research Review"
was written with the purpose of analyzing the several causes of eating disorders and utilizes
accredited sources from each discipline to do so. Throughout the article, the authors synthesized
available data and literature on PubMed, which is a service provided by the United States National
Library of Medicine. Because this is a national database that is updated daily, it is credible and can
be cited. In addition, other reliable sources such as the American Psychiatric Association are
referred to. Authors refuse to include factors that have not been approved based on several criteria,
including "if less than two studies were conducted or findings have been inconsistent, we emphasize
the need for replication and refrained from classifying the factor" (Culbert 1143). These criteria
increase the strength of the argument, but also weaken the authors' ability to expand on certain
subtopics due to the fact that formal testing of causation models is limited. For this reason, behavior
genetic data is thoroughly analyzed; "epigenetic effects have been tested by examining differences
in mRNA expression and/or DNA methylation between cases and controls, primarily during the ill
state (see Table 5)" (Culbert 1150). In order to

Informative Study Of Gender Roles In Children
A very informative article on the study of the gender roles children feel stressed to conform to. The
article provides insights in how children interpret each other's masculine and feminine behaviors.
When children are informed of how each gender feels the same, it relieves the pressure, thereby
allowing the children to be more at ease with one another and exhibit their true behaviors. The
stereotype of gender roles produces health risks such as eating disorders and low–level bullying.
A very surprising article on at home mothers and full–time working moms that seem to be pitted
against each other instead of banding together for support. The article paints working moms as
frazzled, exhausted, and neglectful all the while the stay at home

How Mindfulness Can Help Prevent Binge Episodes
commonly "forbidden" food (i.e., chocolate) that individuals often associate with bingeing. We
thought that including the entire class in the exercise would allow for a better understanding of this
representative element of MB–EAT. The mindfulness eating exercise allowed us to experience a
more experiential aspect of therapy. Once again, our participants were able to share their own
perceptions of the exercise. Unfortunately, because of time constraints we were unable to discuss
experiences of the participants further, nor did we have time to explore in depth the links between
binge triggers and the mindfulness exercise. It would have been interesting to have had a lengthier
discussion of how mindfulness can concretely help prevent binge ... Show more content on
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Mindfulness for the treatment of bulimia: A critique Thus far, a review of the literature and an
examination of our own experience animating an MB–EAT group have highlighted the positive
elements of this approach. There are, however, some important limitations and criticisms of
mindfulness based treatments for eating disorders, and of MB–EAT specifically, that warrant
discussion. Notably, the diversity of treatment programs that have been applied to various
homogenous and heterogeneous populations can in and of itself represent an important criticism of
mindfulness based interventions. Mindfulness skills are a fairly recent addition to psychological
practice, and yet have already been applied to a variety of mental health disorders. As the popularity
of mindfulness based interventions has rapidly grown, empirical research has not been able to keep
up and establish efficacy for each of the programs developed in each of the populations explored
(Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011). Though mindfulness based treatments seem to be effective for
eating disorders (Wanden–Berghe et al., 2010), the exact mechanisms underlying the observed
amelioration remain unknown (Allen et al., 2006). Without additional research systematically
evaluating specific treatment programs in well–defined bulimic samples, it is difficult to state with
confidence that mindfulness can lead to

The Behavior Of Eating Disorders
Introduction In today 's society, teenagers desire the stereotypical "perfect body." Most girls want to
be tiny and twig like, just like the models portrayed in the media. Frequently, the desire to become
thin becomes an obsession and girls perceive thinness as being an essential trait. The obsession over
weight has led to an increasing number of individual 's who have developed eating disorders due to
low self–esteem or other related issues. According to a 2002 survey, 1.5% of Canadian women aged
15–24 years have had an eating disorder. Although, children are influenced by numerous external
factors that are destroying their bodies, parents play the most significant role in the avoidance of
eating disorders. During a child 's life, on no occasion should food be used as a reward or
punishment. In order for a child to have a healthy life physically, socially, emotionally and
financially parents must be role models as a child is heavily influence by their parents. Factors such
as overall appearance, the ability to form a family, anxiety, academic performance, and the ability to
financially support oneself are all influenced by the support children receive from their parents.
Grocery shopping together, eating together, encouraging new interests and avoiding comments that
directly target physical appearance are essential steps parents should consider. "An eating disorder is
an illness that causes serious disturbances to ones everyday diet, such as eating extremely small
amounts

Cognitive Therapy And Mental Health Problems
including day dreams as well as their reactions to the environment around them. When looking at
schemas in relation to psychopathology there are patterns of distorted or faulty thinking that the
individual engages in (Beck, 1970). Lastly, cognitive errors focus on the faulty thinking that patients
have developed due to the way that they experience the world around them. Cognitive therapy aims
to shift this pattern of thinking teaching the patient how to reframe their thoughts to a more rational
thought pattern. While this book was written specifically for work with depressed patients, Beck
begins to notice within his practice that this therapy technique could be adapted to treat other
disorders specifically anxiety and anger. Throughout the 1970s Beck adapts his theory to patients
experiencing other mental health problems and finds similar success. Beck's continued work in
Cognitive Therapy led to growing recognition within the psychology field and became one of the
three leading cognitive therapy approaches during that time (Dryden, 1996). Over time, Cognitive
Therapy has continued to undergo adaptations due to the ever changing field of psychology.
Currently, Cognitive Therapy is used interchangeably with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Nature of Support
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a treatment model used by many mental health practitioners,
including social workers. In recent years there has been a push for social workers to use evidenced
based practice models in

Outline On Anorexia Nervosa
Research Essay Outline
Hook: In today's day and age beauty expectations have drastically changed from the way they used
to be. Being beautiful is solely based on how thin or "fit" someone is. When are we as people going
to stop brainwashing others through the media and telling them that they need to be fit or thin in
order to be beautiful?
Background: Anorexia Nervosa is one of the most common eating disorders that are effecting the
lives of women all over the world. Anorexia nervosa was first talked about in the year 1684, it
wasn't until the 19th century (1870) that it became known as an illness and medical professionals
started coming up with a diagnosis.
Thesis claim: There are many factors than can cause someone to develop anorexia nervosa.
Three supporting details: beauty expectations are based on how models look, media influencing the
fact that thinness is considered beautiful, family and friends influencing eating habits and causing
eating disorders to develop.
Transition sentence : firstly, beauty expectations are based on how models look.
Paragraph one:
Main idea: beauty expectations are based on how models look. ... Show more content on
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However, Girls experience this level of dissatisfaction more frequently than boys do. They studied
25 females and had showed them pictures of thin women, after seeing these pictures, their body
image had become more negative. When they were shown images of average, plus sized models,
their view on their body image wasn't as negative as it was when the thin models were shown. This
study was shown to be more effective on the women that were younger than 19 years of

The Negative Effects Of Smartphones And Social Media
Research Paper Outline
As smartphone and media editing tools have become easier to use, many people have felt the need
to go on a photoshop epidemic every time they upload an image to the world of social media. In a
pervasive world where images of unrealistic standards fuel over the media on how one should look,
social media has one of the biggest impacts in body dissatisfaction in today's society. Throughout
the last generation, social media has become one of the most common and favored ways to
communicate, connect, and share. With the rapid growth of smartphone usage among adolescents
and teenagers, social media outlets such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat have
become an essential part to their daily live. Today, when adolescent and teenagers turn on their
smartphones, often times, the first thing they will refer to is a social media site. It has become a
place where they are exposed to news, images, and expectations. Thus, often times, these images
and expectations are Although social media can help boost and motivate one's confidence serves as
a platform where people can connect, communicate, and share, it has a negative impact on one's
body image because it can lead to lack of self confidence, health problems,, and depression.
As social media is taking over today's society with unattainable beauty expeatatioms, a lot of
pressure is being put onto adolescents and young adults. Thus, many believe that the media put a lot
pressure on them to be thin and

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