The document discusses employee morale, defined as the willingness to work, and its crucial impact on productivity and organizational success. It highlights various determinants of morale, including individual confidence in leadership and organizational efficiency, as well as administrative measures to enhance morale. Additionally, it outlines methods for measuring morale indirectly and addresses specific causes of low morale among industrial workers in Bangladesh.

1. Business Psychology
Morale
Topics:Topics: ●Meaning of the Employee Morale ●Importance ●Administrative
Measure to Promote Morale ●Method of Measurement ●Determinants of
Employee Morale ●Causes of Low Morale of Industrial Workers in
Bangladesh ●Measures for their Improvement.
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
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2. Employee Morale
 Morale is generally referred to “willingness
to work”.
Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction create the
problem of morale among the employees.
 If employee is satisfied with his work, his
morale will be high and if he is dissatisfied, his
morale will be low.
Motivation induces the people to work in a
manner, most beneficial to the organization.
Good motivation leads to high morale.SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
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3. Employee Morale
There are three approaches to the problem of morale.
Classical Approach:Classical Approach: the satisfaction of basic needs is
the symbol of morale. If the basic needs of the
employees are satisfied, their morale will be high.
Psychological Approach:Psychological Approach: emphasizes not only the
basic needs of the people but psychological, needs also
influence the morale of the people. Psychological
needs are the main motives of morale. According to
this view the attitudes and willingness to work is
morale.
Social Approach:Social Approach: For a social scientist, the morale is
a social phenomenon that pulls the men to live in
society or groups in pursuit of a common goal.
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
3

4. The following main points should be remembered in
mind in regard in morale:
Morale is related to the state of mental health which is
closely associated with loyalty, egoism, enthusiasm, etc.
Morale is an identification of group interest and that
of the interest of the enterprise, fellow workers an the
requirements of the job.
Morale is the subjective feeling of the employees. The
morale of a group is said to be high when the group
shows an attitude of satisfaction.
Morale affects human behavior, performance and
discipline. It cannot be measured directly but is reflected
in productivity, employee discipline, absenteeism,
turnover etc.
Employee Morale
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
4

5. □ Importance of Morale
Management always pursues the men at
work to keep their morale high because:
Production and productivity are directly
affected by high morale.
It promotes good feelings about the work
policies, practices etc. morale is very
important factor in success or failure of an
organization.
Several labor problems are solved
automatically by boosting up the morale.
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
5

6. □ Administrative Measure to Promote Morale
It is the responsibility of the management to take the various
steps to raise the morale of its employees to achieve the objectives
of the organization.
Sound Wage Structure
Security of Job
Sound Promotion Policy
Sound Grievance Procedure (fairness, avoid dissatisfaction and
conflicts)
Recognition of efforts of the people
Inspire credos and mottoes for workers (sense of importance)
Keeping the workers well informed of information of their
interest
Establish a system of employees counseling
Introducing a suggestion scheme
Joint consultation
Delegation of Authority. SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
6

7. □ Method of Measurement of Morale
Direct measurement of morale is not possible.
It can only be measured indirectly by checking
the extent to which the organization is
achieving the results in terms of productivity,
profits etc.
Observation Method
Interview Method
Questionnaire
Projective Techniques
Company Records and Reports.
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
7

8. □ Factors/ Determinants of Employee Morale
Morale is a matter of human behavior. It is an expression of the
attitudes which the members of an organization develop and
adapt towards the organization its members, its purposes
and its leaders. On the basis of Hawthorne Studies,
Alexander Leighton enumerates five major determinants of
morale.
 1. Confidence of the individual members of the group in the
purpose of the group: It is a matter of commonsense that
people work wholeheartedly only when they feel inspired by
the purposes for which they are required to make an effort.
 2. Confidence in Leadership: Leadership of the right type is
an essence for the building up and maintenance of high
morale. If leadership is able to win the confidence of his
followers, this will definitely contribute towards raising their
morale.
 3. Confidence in the Fellow Workers: Every worker should be
confident of receiving the right type of advice and guidance
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
8

9. Factors/ Determinants of Employee Morale
4. Organizational Efficiency: An organizational
efficiency will lead to the high degree of morale. It
requires:
((a)Definiteness of Responsibility:a)Definiteness of Responsibility: The line of
authority and responsibility must be distinctly and
firmly clear.
((b)Adequate and Effective Communication:b)Adequate and Effective Communication: Morale
of the workers may be expected high if they think
that management listens to, consults with and
informs to them and makes them feel that they are
the real participants in the organization.
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
9

10. 5. Working Condition and Allied Factors: A worker can be
happy and contented at his job if the organization shows a
good measure of care for him and takes all possible steps to
make the work place congenial for work. The following factors
relating to work conditions help in raising morale-
(a)Fair Wage:(a)Fair Wage: Workers may feel contented if that have the
satisfaction of having an equitable compensation for their
labor and skill put in their respective job.
(b)Security and Opportunity to Rise:(b)Security and Opportunity to Rise: It is very essential to
provide job security to workers to get their hearts into their
work. Similarly the workers will work with renewed zeal and
vigor if they know that they have ample opportunities to rise.
(c)Work Environment:(c)Work Environment: The work environment has serious
impact on the morale of the workers. The building and its
appearance, conditions of work and work-place, machine and
mental location of the factory, safety measures, medical aids
etc. are some of the determinants of the work environment
which are directly related to workers morale.SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
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11. □ Causes of Low Morale of Industrial
Workers in Bangladesh
Working Environment & Safety
Political Influences and Group Work
Participation in Management
Respect on Organizational Rules and Regulation
Lack of Centralization
Job Security
Wages Structure
Accident Prevention
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
11

12. □ Methods of Increasing Industrial
Morale in Bangladesh
Expert Advice
Industrial Spy
Industrial Counselor Method
Employee Problem Approach
Favorable Work Environment
Participation in Decision Making
Organizational Redesign
Improved Technology and Procedure
Sound Communication System
Profit Sharing
SMS Kabir,
smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
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