This document discusses different types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals when electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom. Covalent bonds form between nonmetal atoms through the sharing of electron pairs. Metallic bonds form between metal atoms when electrons are delocalized and pooled throughout the structure. Examples of ionic bonding forming between sodium and chlorine atoms and covalent bonding forming between oxygen and hydrogen atoms are provided. Single, double, and triple covalent bonds are also defined based on the number of electron pairs shared.

3. Submitted By,
SETHULEKSHMI K R
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
REG NO: 18214383019
Submitted To,
MRS.LINI MOL.K.S
Faculty in Physical science
department
SNTC Poochakkal

5. A chemical bond is an attraction between
atoms that allows the formation chemical
substances that contain two or more atoms .
The bond is caused by the electrostatic
force of attraction between opposite
charges, either between electrons and
nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction

7. Types of
Atoms
Type of Bond
Bond
Characteristic
metals to
nonmetals
Ionic
electrons
transferred
nonmetals to
nonmetals
Covalent
electrons
shared
metal to
metal
Metallic
electrons
pooled

8. 8

9. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
When metals bond to nonmetals, some electrons from
the metal atoms are transferred to the nonmetal atoms
–Metals have low ionization energy, relatively easy
to remove an electron from
–Nonmetals have high electron affinities, relatively
good to add electrons to

10. Electron from Na is
transferred to Cl, this
causes a charge imbalance
in each atom. The Na
becomes (Na+) and the
Cl becomes (Cl-), charged
particles or ions.

12. “Bond formed by the sharing of electrons”
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 12
 Nonmetals have relatively high ionization energies, so it is
difficult to remove electrons from them
 When nonmetals bond together, it is better in terms of potential
energy for the atoms to share valence electrons
 Potential energy lowest when the electrons are between the
nuclei
 Shared electrons hold the atoms together by attracting nuclei of
both atoms

13. Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons
Oxygen Atom Oxygen Atom
Oxygen Molecule (O2)

14. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular
Approach
14
1. Single Covalent Bonds
Two atoms share a pair of electrons
 2 electrons
One atom may have more than one single bond
F
••
••
••
• F
••
••
•
••
F
••
••
••
••
••
F
••
••
HH O
••
••
••
••
H•H• O
••
•
•
••
F F

15. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular
Approach
15
2.Double Covalent Bond
Two atoms sharing two pairs of electrons
 4 electrons
O O••••
O
••
• •••
O
••
•
•
••
O O····
·· ··

16. Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular
Approach
16
3.Triple Covalent Bond
Two atoms sharing 3 pairs of electrons
 6 electrons
N
••
• •
•
N
••
•
•
•
N ••••••
N
N N····