Ionic bonding occurs when valence electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms, resulting in positively charged cation and negatively charged anion ions that are attracted via electrostatic forces. Ionic compounds form when a metal donates its valence electrons to a nonmetal. The electrostatic attraction between opposite charges holds the ions together. Common ionic compounds include sodium chloride, formed from sodium cations and chloride anions, and magnesium oxide, formed from magnesium cations and oxide anions.

1. IONIC
B0NDING
Let’s use this upcoming
simple steps to learn
ionic bonding

2. What Is Ionic Bonding ?
Ionic bond is type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions in a chemical compound
Such a bond forms when the valence electrons (outermost) of one atom are
transferred permanently to another atom.
The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation) while the
one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion (anion)
Ionic bond just happen if atom metal join together with atom non-metal
Rob Ritchie, Dave Gent (2015). Chemistry for OCR. Great Brittain: Oxford University
Press

3. Properties of Ionic Bonding
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, February 11). Ionic Compound Properties, Explained.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ionic-compound-properties-608497

4. Learn how to draw a Dot and Cross
Diagram (Lewis Diagram)
A dot-and-cross diagram shows:
 the outer electron shells only
 that the charge of the ion is spread evenly, by using square brackets
 the charge on each ion, written at the top right-hand corner of the square brackets.
Dot and cross diagram of NaCl
Ryan, L., & Norris, R. (2014). Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry
Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

5. Examples and Uses of Ionic Compounds on
Daily Basis

6. Sodium Chloride
• Commonly known as salt
• Sodium atom loses one electron to form positively charged ions called cation
• Chlorine atom gains one electron to form negatively charged ions called anion.
• The ionic compound Sodium Chloride are held together by strong electrostatic forces between
oppositely charged ions.
• These forces are referred to as ionic bonds
Kho Chin He, Zaharah Aiyub, William L. Masterton, Cecile Nespral Hurley (2005).
Physical Chemistry for STPM. Singarpore: Thomas Learning

7. Magnesium Oxide
Ryan, L., & Norris, R. (2014). Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry Coursebook.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 When magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, the two electrons in the outer shell of
each magnesium atom are transferred to the incompletely filled orbitals of an oxygen atom.
 By losing two electrons, each magnesium atom achieves the electronic configuration [2,8]. By gaining
two electrons, each oxygen atom achieves the electronic configuration [2,8].
 The ionic compound Sodium Chloride are held together by strong electrostatic forces between
oppositely charged ions.
 These forces are referred to as ionic bonds
 Magnesium Oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride because 2 electrons are
transferred therefore the forces of attraction are stronger.

8. References
1. Ronald J. Gillespie, Paul L. A. Popelier (2001). Chemical Bonding and Molecular
Geometry. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Ryan, L., & Norris, R. (2014). Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry
Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. Kho Chin He, Zaharah Aiyub, William L. Masterton, Cecile Nespral Hurley (2005).
Physical Chemistry for STPM. Singarpore: Thomas Learning
4. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, February 11). Ionic Compound Properties,
Explained. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ionic-compound-properties-
608497
5. Rob Ritchie, Dave Gent (2015). Chemistry for OCR. Great Brittain: Oxford University
Press

9. Thank You