This document outlines the segmental approach to analyzing congenital heart diseases. It describes analyzing the heart in three segments: the atria, ventricle, and great arteries. Sequential segmental analysis involves examining each segment using clinical exams, imaging like echocardiograms, and their connections to identify any abnormalities. This approach was developed in the 1960s and helped standardize the description of various congenital heart defects by systematically analyzing each heart segment and the relationships between them.

1. Segmental Approach to
congenital heart
diseases
RAMACHANDRA

2. THREE CARDIAC SEGMENTS
ATRIA
VENTRICLE
GREAT
ARTERIES

3. Sequential segmental analysis using
Clinical examination
Chest Radiogrghy
12 Lead Electrocardiography
Echocardiography
Cardiac position and apex orientation
 Atrial arrangement
 Atrioventricular connection
 Ventriculoarterial connections
 Associated malformations and function of segments

4. HISTORY OF IT
• Richard Van Praagh
1960 • America
• Maria Victoria de la Cruz
1960 • Mexico city
• Echocardiography brought the term “sequential segmental
analysis”
1970

5. Background
All hearts can be considered in three segments: the atrial
chambers, the ventricular mass and the great arteries. Sequential
segmental analysis means to identify the component parts of the heart
by their morphology and describe the interconnections in a sequential
manner.

6. ATRIAL ARRANGEMENT

8. TYPES OF AV CONNECTION

9. AV VALVES

10. HAND

11. Ventricular topology
Ventricular topology describes the spatial relationship of one ventricle
to the other. There are two topologic patterns that are mirror images of
each other. Right and left hand topology. Right hand topology is the
normal pattern. Determination of ventricular topology requires first
identification of the morphologic right ventricle. If the palmar surface
of right hand can be placed on the septal surface, thumb in the inlet
and the fingers toward the outlet and the wrist is at the apex, then
this is the right –hand pattern[D-looped]. If only the left hand palm
can be placed on the septal surface of the right ventricle in the same
manner, then this will be described as left hand topology(L-looped
ventricle). Ventricular topology allows analysis of the atrioventricular
junction in hearts with isomeric arrangement of atrial appendages

12. UNIVENTRICULAR HEART

13. VENTRICULOARTERIAL
COMMUNICATION

14. GREAT ARTERIES TO EACH OTHER

15. INFUNDIBULUM TO GREAT ARTERIES

16. External Link
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20300266
http://www.wikiecho.org/wiki/File:Segmental_Analysis2.JPG