For English learners

1. HA PHUONG THAO DIU - CNA A K14
Group 2
Vu Thi Ngoc
Anh
Khong Thi Thu
Ha Phuong Thao
Diu
Doan Phuong
Thao
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14

2. STATEMENTS
02• Definition
• Types
SENTENCE
CLASSIFICATION01• In terms of the structure
• In terms of communicative
functions
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14

3. I. SENTENCE
CLASSIFICATION
1. In term of structure
Sentences can be divided into four classes from
structural point of view as:
a, Simple Sentence
b, Compound Sentence
c, Complex Sentence
d, Compound-Complex Sentences
VU THI NGOC ANH
- CNA A K14

4. a, Simple Sentence
Pattern : IC (independent clause)
a subject and verb
expresses a complete thought
Example:
Being an student with a penchant for syntactical
complexity, I love to read simple sentences upon getting
up and before going to bed.
Lucia tended her garden every day.
Her tomatoes didn’t grow well.
VU THI NGOC ANH
- CNA A K14

5. b, Compound sentence
 Partern: 2 IC
Joined by a coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but,
or, yet, so) or semicolon.
"FAN BOYS“
Coordinating conjunctions are always preceded by a
comma.
Lucia tended her garden every day, but her tomatoes didn’t grow well.
Lucia tended her garden every day.
Her tomatoes didn’t grow well.
VU THI NGOC ANH
- CNA A K14

6. c, Complex sentence
 Pattern: IC+ at least 1DC (dependent
clause/subordinating conjunction)
• a subordinate conjunctions (although, while,
because,where…)
• a relative pronouns ( who, which, whose, that…)…
 2 different ways:
Lucia’s tomatoes did not grow well because she has the wrong
type of soil.
*DC,IC
(IC come first  no comma)
Because Lucia has the wrong type of soil, her tomatoes did
not grow well.
(Begins with subordinator  comma after
DC)
DC
*IC DC
VU THI NGOC ANH
- CNA A K14

7. d, Compound-complex sentences
At least 2IC + at least 1DC
(A c-c has elements of both a compound sentence and complex
sentence)
Example:
1. Lucia tended her garden every day, but her tomatoes did
not grow well.
2. Lucia’s tomatoes did not grow well, because she has the
wrong type of soil.
 Lucia tended her garden every day, but her tomatoes did
not grow well because she has the wrong type of soil.
Compound sentence Complex sentenceCompound-Complex sentence
- Lucia tended her garden every day, but because she
has the wrong type of soil, her tomatoes did not grow
well.
- Athought Lucia tended her garden every day, her
tomatoes did not grow well, for she has the wrong
type of soil.
VU THI NGOC ANH
- CNA A K14

8. a, Statements.
b, Questions?
c, Commands.
d, Exclamatorys!
4 Types
2. In terms of
communicative functions
KHONG THI THU - CNA A K14

9. a, Statements
These are the most common type of sentences.
They usually provide information about a topic
or a person.
End mark : Period
I can play
violin.
The boy
dosen’t
study
English.
KHONG THI THU - CNA A K14

10. 1.Yes/No question:
Example: - Can you help me?
- Have you done your homework?
2. Alternative question
Example: - Do you want tea, coffee or juice?
- Shall I call her or send an e-mail?
3. Wh- question
Example : - How did you do that?
- Where did you go?
4. Tag questions
Example : - Lina plays the piano, doesn’t she?
- You’re lying to me, aren’t you?
b, Questions
These are used to ask questions to find out something. It
always has a question mark at the end.
KHONG THI THU - CNA A K14

11. * These are used to give a
command, make a request
and In general, it tell
someone what to do.
* End mark: a period
Example
- Look at how the dolphins
jump out of the water.
- Call your Aunt Sandy in New
York.
+ Command somebody to do st.
+ Use command words.
+ End in a period.
KHONG THI THU - CNA A K14

12. d, Exclamatorys
** An exclamation sentence shows sudden and
strong feelling such as: surprise, pity, wonder,
sympathy, happiness,..
** It ends with an exclamation mark (!)
Example: - You look so beautiful!
- What a silly man!
Really??
You look
so
beautiful
!
KHONG THI THU - CNA A K14

13. Paulie gave Lucci a
gift for his birthday.
What did Paulie do
last night?
Close the door,
please.
What a beautiful day.
Paulie didn’t sleep
last night. ♥
There is some food in
the refrigerator.
II. STATEMENTS
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14

14. Paulie gave Lucci a
gift for his birthday.
Paulie didn’t sleep
last night.
There is some food in
the refrigerator.
Are sentences in which
the subject is present and
generally precedes the verb.
Statements
(declarative sentences)
(Subject before verb)
Sometimes, subject can
be ellipted
Wonder what
they’re doing..
Doesn’t matter.
Good to see you.
(I)
(It’s)
(It)
1. Definition
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14

15. Paulie gave Lucci a
gift for his birthday.
Paulie didn’t gave Lucci
a gift for his birthday.Positive
Types of
statements
2. Types
Paulie never gave Lucci
a gift for his birthday.
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14
negative

16. etc...
Barely
♦Note
RarelySeldom
Scarcely
• He seldom attends school late.
• I barely get any sleep.
HaPhuongThaoDiu
–CNAAK14

17. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAK14
CONCLUSION
1. Interm of structure
- Simple sentence
- Complex sentence
- Compound sentence
- Compound- complex sentences
2. Interm of functions
- Statements
- Questions
- Commands
- Exclamatorys

18. 1. Normal structure:
S+ V (sometimes ellipted S)
2. Types:
- Positive
- Negative
( seldom, rarely,... can be used with
assertive meaning)

19. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAkK14

20. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAK14
Exercise 1: Determine type of following sentences
(according to structure of the sentences)
1. To build a doll's house you need wood, a hammer, a saw,
and lots of nails.
> Simple
2. He got up, walked over to the window, and jumped out.
> Simple
3. I didn't know what time it was so I was very late to class.
> Compound - complex
4. Although it was cold and the rain was getting heavier, we
decided to go fishing as planned.
> Compound - complex

21. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAK14
5. The new girl in our ESL class has a brother in grade 7 and a
sister in grade 9.
> Simple
6. The recent downturn in the telecommunications industry caused
tens of thousands of programmers to lose their jobs for good and
forced thousands more to move across the country.
> Simple
7. Neither programmers nor managers would take the blame for
their failing Internet start-ups.
> Simple
8. Some programmers of graphic design software know how to
use their software to create pictures, fliers, and Web pages; oddly
enough, despite strong technical backgrounds, many others do
not.
> Compound

22. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAK14
Exersise 2: Make sentences relating to this picture

23. Doan Thi Phuong Thao
CNAAK14