This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which our sense organs respond to different stimuli. It notes we have five main types of sensations: visual, auditory, olfactory, skin, and taste. Receptors receive these stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting these sensations based on previous experience. The document provides examples of visual, auditory, olfactory, skin, and taste sensations and discusses perception mechanisms and activities like figure-ground perception.

1. Sensation and
Perception
BY MUHAMMAD BILAL

2. Stimuli (singular: stimulus) may be defined as any change
in external environment. It may be any event or person
thing or situation that trigger the response
Receptor: receptor is a structure that reacts to a physical
stimulus in the environment, whether internal or external.
It is a sensory nerve ending that receives information and
conducts a process of generating impulses to be
transmitted to the brain for interpretation and perception.
Response: a reaction to something

3. Sensation
Sensation is a process that make possible and
facilitates our contact with reality.
To sense means become aware of something
All living organism have sense organ sensation is a
process by which our sense organ respond to different
stimuli

4. Mechanism through which stimuli from outside or inside the
body are received and felt by different faculties e.g. temperature
pressure hearing sight smell taste equilibrium etc.
 Sensation is actually a result of stimuli
Sensation is a complex process

5. Types of sensations
Every human have five types of sensations
1.Visual Sensation
2.Auditory sensation
3.Olfaction sensation
4.Skin sensation
5.Taste sensation

6. Visual Sensation
Human eye is a complex vital and delicate structure.
The eye captures light and focuses it on the visual receptors, which
convert light energy to neural impulses sent to the brain
It is spherical and less than one inch
Visual receptor cells located on retina: rods for night vision and cones
for color vision
Human eye is like a camera. It has a lens, aperture and a film on which
image is form

7. Auditory Sensation
Audition (hearing) occurs via sound waves, which result from rapid
changes in air pressure caused by vibrating objects
Receptors located in the inner ear (cochlea) tiny hair cells that convert
sound energy to neural impulses sent along to brain

8. Olfaction sensation
Nose is an organ of olfaction It has olfaction receptor.
Olfaction receptor detect smell.
Human nose can detect trillion of smell.
Psychologist study olfaction to learn how olfaction affect the behavior.

9. Taste Sensation
Taste is the sensation produce when a substance in the mouth react
chemically with the taste receptor cell located on taste bud in oral
cavity mostly on tongue.
Taste receptors are taste buds on tongue. Four basic tastes: sweet,
salty, sour and bitter

10. Skin sensation
It includes all those sensation that we feel such as cold hot smooth
rough.
Skin has four receptor
1.Mechano Receptor
2.Thermo Receptor
3.Pain Receptor
4.Proprioceptor

11. Perception
Sensation produce perception
The process of selecting organizing and interpreting stimuli. It includes
identification recognition in question. Previous experience role to play
in it.

12. Mechanism of Perception with
Example
Sensory organ : e.g. Eye (Apple is Place In front of you)
Sensory Info : (You saw apple) is converted in to impulse and send it to
brain.
Brain: interpret the impulse and compare it with pervious experience.
(if you had ever see a apple then you will give it name apple, otherwise
you will compare its structure with an other object that look like it.) this
is called perception

13. Connotation of Perception
Process of perceiving
Awareness of something because of sensation
Capacity to analyse
Feeling , attitude opinion of a people possess about other thing

14. Activities and Examples
Related to Perception
Figure-ground
When viewing the world, some object (the figure) often seems to
stand out from the background (the ground)

17. Can you find the human
face here?

18. There’s a baby in this picture

19. A Hole In Your Hand
Instructions: Roll a piece of paper into a tube. Close your left eye. Hold
tube to your right eye like a telescope. Place left hand halfway down
tube. Now open left eye.
You will see a “hole” in your hand. Your brain blends these two images
automatically.