Freedom amidst natural disasters
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This document summarizes Nasir Khan's PhD research on using Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to development to argue for building people's entitlements and capacities to protect themselves from natural disasters. It provides examples of recent disasters in Haiti, Christchurch, and Pakistan to show discrepancies in damage cannot be fully explained by natural factors alone. The capabilities approach focuses on what people are effectively able to do and be. The document outlines the basic components of capabilities (functionings, capabilities, and entitlements) and explains how people's capabilities sets are affected by disasters. It argues development policy should aim to minimize capability losses by restoring fit between components, locating alternative functionings, prioritizing vital entitlements, and shifting from post-
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Any recommendations to improve this communique would be most appreciated!
And if you’d like to support the Center’s work with a tax deductible donation, that would be fantastic and do a great deal: http://centerforglobalinitiatives.org/donateNow.cfm
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I hope you have found this issue to be informative and helpful in your work. Please send me any information you'd like posted in upcoming issues.
Any recommendations to improve this communique would be most appreciated!
And if you’d like to support the Center’s work with a tax deductible donation, that would be fantastic and do a great deal: http://centerforglobalinitiatives.org/donateNow.cfm
Cheers, and thank you for your work,
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This is a presentation that introduces how the capabilities approach of Amartya Sen is grounded in the analysis of famines, and its close affinity to understanding the social determinants of health & ill health.
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
The document discusses Amartya Sen's influential work on human development and capabilities approach that shaped UNDP's work, how UNDP implements a human development approach by empowering people and strengthening institutions, and how UNDP helps countries build resilience to shocks through approaches like disaster risk reduction and crisis prevention.
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The document discusses the human security approach and its evolution from focusing on poverty and human insecurity. It highlights several key aspects of the human security approach including its continued focus on deprivations and downside risks, emphasis on conflicts, need for democracy and empowerment, and integrated framework for action. It also discusses how human security relates to concepts like human development, state security, human rights, and its international dimensions.
Devlopment As Freedom- Book Review
Author, Amartya Sen, in this marvellous book defines 'devlopment' as a means to achieve the ultimate goal of 'freedoms' of various types.
Development as freedom
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Amartya Sen "Development as Freedom"
Amartya Sen's 1999 book "Development as Freedom" argues that development should be understood as expanding the freedoms and capabilities of individuals. Sen defines freedom as both the processes that allow freedom of actions and decisions, as well as the opportunities available to individuals. True development requires removing major sources of unfreedom like poverty, tyranny, and lack of economic opportunity. Sen discusses five types of instrumental freedoms - political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security - that interact and can strengthen one another in the development process.
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Sen entitlements
This document discusses poverty and entitlement failures in the Philippines based on Amartya Sen's work. It summarizes that poverty is best defined as the inability to acquire basic needs rather than just as income deprivation. It then analyzes different sectors' vulnerabilities to famines and entitlement failures due to factors like health problems, access to productive resources, and changes in transfers or commons. The document concludes by evaluating Filipinos' access to basic services and entitlements based on National Demographic and Health Survey data on topics like sanitation, water sources, electricity, and health facilities.
25
This document discusses the development of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its focus on measuring human development through indicators like health, education, and standard of living. It notes that while "human capital" addresses people's contributions to development, it does not capture development's goal of enhancing people's lives and freedoms. The HDI aims to do this through composite measures of life expectancy, education, and income that serve as proxies for people's overall capabilities. While limited, the HDI provides an alternative to measures like GNP that ignore human welfare. It represents a two-tiered approach using both detailed analyses and a summary index to assess progress.
Social development aga
This document discusses social development from several perspectives. It defines social development as promoting human dignity by empowering marginalized groups to improve their social and economic positions. Social development aims to fulfill a society's aspirations through qualitative social change. There are four main strategies discussed: enterprise, statist, communitarian, and institutional. The document also discusses economic development, human development, and sustainable development as key aspects and outcomes of social development.
Hdi calculation
The Human Development Index (HDI) was created by Pakistani economist Mehboob-Ul-Haq and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen to evaluate countries based on key development factors beyond just income. The HDI focuses on three areas: health as measured by life expectancy, education as measured by adult literacy and enrollment rates, and income as measured by GDP per capita. Countries are ranked on an HDI score from 0 to 1, where a score closer to 1 indicates a higher level of human development. The document provides step-by-step instructions for calculating a country's HDI scores based on data from the United Nations.
Human development 1
The document discusses key concepts related to human development including growth versus development, the four pillars of human development (equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment), approaches to measuring human development (income, welfare, basic needs, and capability approaches), and tools for measuring human development like the Human Development Index and Human Poverty Index. It also provides an overview of international comparisons of human development scores, classifying countries into three groups: high, medium, and low human development based on their HDI values.
Gender inequality & development
Gender Inequality in Development
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR
Prof. & HOD, University Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Smt. Thakersey Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020
Phone-26770227®, 22052970 Mobile-9321040048
E mail:vibhuti.np@gmail.com
Women’s Studies have challenged the conventional indicators of development that focus on urbanisation, higher education, mobility of labour, technological development, modernisation, infra-structural development, industrialisation, mechamisation in agricultural, white revolution, green revolution, blue revolution so on and so forth. Development dialogue of the 1ast 32 years (1975 to the present) resulted into intellectual scrutiny with gender lens of
• The critique of trickledown theory
• Marginalisation thesis popularised by the UN as WID (Women in Development)
• ‘Integration of Women’ Approach known as Women and Development (WAD)
• Development Alternatives with Women (DAWN) at Nairobi Conference, 1985
• Gender and Development (GAD)- Women in Decision Making Process, 1990
• Adoption of CEDAW-Convention on all forms of Discrimination against Women
• Human Development Index, Gender Empowerment Measure, 1995
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2000
• Women Empowerment Policy, GoI, 2001
• Gender Mainstreaming in planning, policy making and programme Implementation
With the official recognition of subordinate status of women in economic, social, educational political and cultural spheres by all nation states, two approaches became popular with regard to women in development process. First one was an instrumentalist approach influenced by Human Resource Development philosophy that supported investment in women so that their efficiency and productivity would increase which would increase their economic and social status. As against this, the 2nd approach was guided by Human Development concept that emphasised the quality of life or wellbeing aspect of investment in women. In this approach attainment of education, health, nutrition and better quality of life is considered to be an end in itself. Both approaches are interlinked (Sen, 1999).
Concept of development, human development index and its parameters! SAJAL1428
This document discusses concepts of development including the human development index (HDI). It defines development as having socio-economic and political aspects related to wealth production, basic needs, quality of life, equality, stability, and state capacity. The HDI is presented as a composite index that measures and ranks countries based on indicators of health, education, and income. While the HDI provides a useful snapshot for development comparisons, it also has limitations such as only measuring three dimensions of development and not accounting for inequality within countries.
Development Concepts
The document discusses the evolution of development goals over time. Early development goals focused primarily on economic growth but later shifted to also emphasize reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. Development goals further expanded in the 1990s to focus on quality of life factors like health, education, and standard of living. Key thinkers like Sen and the capabilities approach argued that the goal should be enhancing human capabilities and well-being rather than just income. This led to the creation of indices like the HDI that incorporate non-income factors. Sustainable development also became an important consideration, aiming to balance economic growth with environmental protection to meet present and future generations' needs. The UN's Millennium Development Goals reflected the modern broad understanding of development as achieving
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This document discusses economic growth and development. It defines economic growth as an increase in a country's production capacity over time, which can be measured in nominal or real terms. Economic development involves policy interventions to develop human capital, infrastructure, health, and welfare. It aims to improve living standards and is measured by indicators like the Human Development Index. Factors like inflation, taxes, interest rates, and government policies can affect economic development. The document also discusses India's economic growth and development in recent decades since economic reforms began in 1991.
Human development Index
This presentation explains all the important points about one of the major measures of development of a country that is the Human Development Index. This presentation includes the definition,history,dimension, calculation,geographical coverage, past top countries and the criticism of Human Development Index.
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Freedom amidst natural disasters
- 1. Nasir Khan PhD candidate Centre for Development Studies University of Auckland New Zealand
- 2. abstract Amartya Kumar Sen’s capabilities approach promotes the primacy of freedoms in a development project. Natural disasters typify unfreedoms of a unique sort, underlining people’s helplessness before the vagaries of nature. Apparently these unfreedoms are induced by an uncontrollable entitlement deficit in terms of natural and environmental endowments. But vast disparities in devastations caused by recent disasters in different parts of the world point towards the involvement of factors other than purely natural endowments. For a development project it raises the question of whether along with hunger, disease and gender disequilibrium; people’s agencies to withstand natural disasters could also be augmented. The question underscores the need for a development project to look beyond the prevailing approach of post-disaster relief: at the possibility of imparting people with greater empowerment to respond more appropriately to unavoidable natural disasters. Informed by such realization, the paper uses the conceptual framework of capabilities approach to make a case for building people’s entitlements to safeguard themselves against natural calamities. Dimensions of human capabilities are explored to eke out potentially more vulnerable entitlements and possibilities highlighted for development intervention to raise people’s capacities to ward off natural disasters.
- 3. Three Recent natural Disasters In January 2010, 230,000 people died after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake decimated Haiti. Astonishingly, no one died in the 7.1 that rocked Christchurch. The July-August 2010 floods in Pakistan left about 2000 people dead and 20 Million affected. According to WB and ADB estimates, losses amount to US$ 9.7 Billion.
- 4. Why discrepancy in Extent of Damage Extent and magnitude of disaster- uncontrollable variable Vulnerability- Controllable variable People’s Freedoms, Capabilities, Entitlementdeficits
- 5. Putting the CA in perspective Beyond “Small Mercies”- The development of the CA against the traditional approaches of income levels, utility maximization, welfare enhancement and opportunity expansion The need to capture well-being in a broader informational space “The core characteristic of the capability approach is its focus on what people are effectively able to do and to be, that is, on their capabilities. This contrasts with philosophical approaches that concentrate on people’s happiness or desire-fulfilment, or on income, expenditures, or consumption.” (Robeyns March 2005)
- 6. The CA Explained Functionings, Capabilities and Entitlements-the basic constituents of CA Functionings-the various states of being or doing relevant to the assessment of a person’s wellbeing (Sen 1985: p 10) Capabilities- the various combinations of functionings that a person can achieve (Sen 1993:p 40) Entitlements- The various commodity bundles that a person commands (Nafziger Feb. 2006)
- 7. methodological Schema of the CA Potential Choices Initial Conditions Personal Circumst ance Resource/ Choices Acquired functionings Conversion factor Initial Conditions The Domain of Development Policy Exercised Choices Acquired Welfare Level The space of available choices to a person, both exercised and potential, which enables to live a life as one values, according to personal characteristics
- 8. What happens to people’s capabilities set in disasters Loss of fit between the components of capabilities space Loss of functionality within a specific space Complete loss of functionings
- 9. What needs to be done Situating the unfreedoms_ Identification of the entitlement deficit_ Minimizing the disfunction_Search for restoring the fit_the role of informal institutions Locating the avenues for alternative functioning Prioritize the vital entitlements From relief to rehabilitation_rebuilding capabilities
- 10. Thank You