Amartya Sen
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Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen argues that development should be viewed as a process of expanding real freedoms that people enjoy rather than narrow views like income growth. Sen identifies five types of instrumental freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security. These freedoms are interconnected and influence each other. For example, political freedom helps economic security and education facilitates economic participation. The enhancement of human freedom should be both the end and means of development by supporting institutions that expand these interconnected freedoms.
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Amartya Sen "Development as Freedom"
Amartya Sen's 1999 book "Development as Freedom" argues that development should be understood as expanding the freedoms and capabilities of individuals. Sen defines freedom as both the processes that allow freedom of actions and decisions, as well as the opportunities available to individuals. True development requires removing major sources of unfreedom like poverty, tyranny, and lack of economic opportunity. Sen discusses five types of instrumental freedoms - political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security - that interact and can strengthen one another in the development process.
Theories of economic development
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Multidimensional Poverty Index
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) provides a comprehensive measure of poverty by considering multiple deprivations across three dimensions: education, health, and standard of living. The MPI identifies anyone as multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in at least 30% of weighted indicators. Half of the world's poor according to the MPI live in South Asia, with India home to the largest number at over 400 million. Within India, states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand have very high levels of multidimensional poverty.
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1) Traditional society characterized by subsistence farming and barter
2) Preconditions for take-off including development of mining and agriculture and growing acceptance of technology
3) Take-off driven by increasing industrialization, rising savings/investment, and declining agricultural employment
4) Drive to maturity where industry diversifies, technology spreads, and universal education/healthcare are established
5) Age of high mass consumption where services dominate and material wealth leads to focus on quality of life
The model views development through a capitalist lens and has been criticized for not applying well to non-Western countries.
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Recommended
Amartya Sen "Development as Freedom"
Amartya Sen's 1999 book "Development as Freedom" argues that development should be understood as expanding the freedoms and capabilities of individuals. Sen defines freedom as both the processes that allow freedom of actions and decisions, as well as the opportunities available to individuals. True development requires removing major sources of unfreedom like poverty, tyranny, and lack of economic opportunity. Sen discusses five types of instrumental freedoms - political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security - that interact and can strengthen one another in the development process.
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Difference between growth and development
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Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth model outlines five stages of economic development:
1) Traditional society characterized by subsistence farming and barter
2) Preconditions for take-off including development of mining and agriculture and growing acceptance of technology
3) Take-off driven by increasing industrialization, rising savings/investment, and declining agricultural employment
4) Drive to maturity where industry diversifies, technology spreads, and universal education/healthcare are established
5) Age of high mass consumption where services dominate and material wealth leads to focus on quality of life
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Measurements of poverty
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Theories of Development
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Conclusion
References
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Amartya Sen argues that development should be defined as expanding people's freedoms and capabilities rather than merely increasing income or wealth. He discusses different types of freedoms such as economic opportunities, political liberties, social facilities, transparency guarantees, and protective security that together can determine the quality of people's lives. Sen also examines how factors like gender inequality, lack of education, healthcare access, and economic or political systems can lead to unfreedom and influence people's actual well-being and life outcomes. Ultimately, Sen advocates for an approach to development that promotes individual freedoms and public participation.
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Rostows stages
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Amartya Sen
Amartya Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher who was born in 1933 in Santiniketan, India on the campus of Rabindranath Tagore’s university. He received his PhD from Cambridge University and has taught at universities including Oxford, Harvard, and the London School of Economics. Sen was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1998 for his work in welfare economics and contributions to theories of famines, social choice theory, and measures of well-being. Some of his most influential works include Poverty and Famines (1981), Collective Choice and Social Welfare (1970), and Development as Freedom (1999).
Amartya sen
Amartya Sen es un economista y filósofo bengalí galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Economía en 1998. Sus trabajos se centran en temas como las hambrunas, el desarrollo humano, el bienestar económico y los mecanismos subyacentes de la pobreza. Propone que el desarrollo debe entenderse como la expansión de las libertades y capacidades de las personas para llevar vidas valiosas.
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Chapter 1 economic development (1)
1. Economic development generally refers to sustained actions that promote standard of living and economic health in a specific area. This involves initiatives like developing human capital, infrastructure, competitiveness, sustainability, social inclusion, health, safety, and literacy.
2. Economic development differs from economic growth in that development is a policy intervention for economic and social well-being, while growth is a rise in market productivity and GDP. Growth is an aspect of development.
3. Traditional views saw development as efficient allocation of resources for goods/services production. New views define it as improvements in material welfare especially for the poor, eradicating poverty and its impacts, and greater participation in decision making.
Sen Capabilities
The document discusses Amartya Sen's concept of poverty as a severe lack of capabilities rather than just income or basic needs. It argues that basic needs are simply means to various ends like health, education, and productive activity. There are many means that can provide a single end, and many ends require multiple means. It also discusses how Sen's capabilities approach considers what people are able to do and be, going beyond just commodities and ownership. Poverty involves a severe failure of a person's capabilities.
New growth theoris
New growth theory emphasizes that economic growth results from increasing returns associated with new knowledge, rather than diminishing returns to capital and labor. It views technological progress as endogenous and driven by economic forces like investment in research and development, rather than external factors. This challenged previous neoclassical growth models that treated technology as outside the economic system. New growth theory sparked renewed interest in explaining the sources of long-term economic growth.
M01 todaro smith013934_11_econ_c01
The document is an introductory chapter about economic development that discusses key concepts. It begins by providing quotes from poor individuals around the world that illustrate the multidimensional nature of poverty. It then discusses how development economics differs from traditional economics by considering non-economic factors. The chapter also examines definitions of development, including measures like GNI but also Amartya Sen's capability approach. It outlines the Millennium Development Goals and provides tables listing the goals and targets. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of development economics and achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Measurements of poverty
This document discusses various methods used to measure poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. It defines absolute poverty as the minimal requirements for food, clothing, shelter, etc., while relative poverty compares standard of living to the average in a society. Absolute measures discussed include poverty lines for food and non-food costs, as well as the national poverty line. The document also examines the human poverty index and criticisms of poverty lines. Relative poverty is measured using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, which indicate inequality in household income distribution. Other indexes used by the World Bank to measure poverty are also listed.
Optimum
The document discusses the concept of optimum population, which refers to a population size that allows for a balanced relationship between population and resources. It is introduced as an economic concept concerned with quality of life. Optimum population occurs when a country's population is able to fully utilize available resources, resulting in the highest possible standard of living and per capita output. A few economists' definitions are provided, relating optimum population to maximum social welfare, income per head, or standard of living. Criteria for assessing optimum population include per capita income, employment, consumption, and resource usage.
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Definition of development & Underdevelopment
Theories of Development
a) Modernization theory
b) Dependency theory
c) Participation theory
d) Marxist thought of Development
Conclusion
References
Development powerpoint part 1
There are large economic disparities between rich and poor countries globally. Countries measure development through metrics like Gross National Product, Gross Domestic Product, and Gross National Income, which quantify the total value of goods and services produced annually. However, these metrics do not account for regional variations within countries or informal economies. Various models have attempted to explain global economic development and disparities, including Rostow's stages of growth model and dependency theory, which argues that political and economic relationships limit development in poorer regions.
Define and distinguish between economic growth and economic development.
Economic growth refers to the increase in a country's GDP over a short period of time, while economic development is a long-term process that leads to increased real national income as well as qualitative social changes like reduced poverty and inequality. The key features of an underdeveloped country include low per capita income, widespread poverty, low productivity, and dependence on agriculture and primary exports. Causes of underdevelopment include scarcity of resources, lack of capital, outdated technology, and effects of colonialism.
Less Developed Countries
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Public goods
Public goods are characterized by non-excludability, meaning it is impossible to prevent people who have not paid from consuming them, and non-rivalry, meaning that one person's consumption does not reduce availability to others. Examples include national defense, street lighting, flood defenses. Public goods cause market failure as it is difficult to charge people for their provision or exclude non-payers. While governments often provide public goods, technological advances are blurring the distinction between public and private goods in some cases.
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Neoliberalism
The document provides an overview of neo-liberalism, which advocates for free market capitalism and reduced restrictions on trade. It discusses how neo-liberalism emerged in response to economic crises in the late 20th century and was advanced by powerful international institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO. While neo-liberalism aims to maximize profits and economic growth, the document notes it can negatively impact inequality, public services, and local industries in developing countries.
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Measurement of economic development
This document discusses several methods used to measure economic development. It describes common metrics like gross national product (GNP) and per capita income, as well as indexes that account for other factors like quality of life, education, health and gender equality. These include the Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Development Index, Capability Approach, and Gender Related Development Index. No single measure can fully capture a country's economic development, so economists consider multiple criteria to evaluate progress.
Rostows stages
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The document discusses different perspectives on economic development. It begins by explaining traditional views of development as economic growth measured by GDP per capita. However, this narrow view failed to address issues like poverty and inequality. The document then outlines a new view from the 1970s that defined development more broadly as reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment alongside economic growth. It also discusses Amartya Sen's capability approach, which focuses on people's real freedoms and opportunities rather than just income. The document concludes by identifying three core values of development - sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom - and three main objectives - increasing basic needs, raising living standards, and expanding economic and social choices.
Defining Economic Freedom
This document defines economic freedom and outlines its key principles and measurement. It discusses that economic freedom means individuals can pursue their economic livelihood with autonomy and minimal obstruction. It identifies the main principles as empowerment of individuals, non-discrimination, and open competition. The document also describes how the Index of Economic Freedom measures countries' performance in areas like rule of law, government size, regulatory efficiency, and market openness.
Relevance of the Right to Ghetnet Metiku - Development (RTD) in linking and r...
Developments in the theory and practice of human rights and development have progressively come together in recent decades. This paper explores the contributions of the emergence of the right to development to such a coming together.
Voluntary Sector Management
This document discusses volunteerism and the nonprofit sector in the Philippines. It provides context on the passage of the Volunteer Act of 2007 which aims to promote volunteerism. It outlines the roles of volunteerism in different sectors including private sector, academe, corporations, and nonprofits. It also discusses the mandates of the Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA) to coordinate the national volunteer program. Some challenges to measuring and promoting volunteerism in the country are presented. Sources of information on Filipino volunteerism are provided from different studies and agencies.
Nobody is great. Without a doubt as humankind all in all, our real.docx
Nobody is great. Without a doubt as humankind all in all, our reality is additionally needing flawlessness. From this emerge the numerous social justice issues we confront today. Uniformity is the particular case that emerges the most and gets the most steady consideration, yet there are numerous parts to this. In the mission of general wellbeing, justice is central to the point that it has been portrayed as the field's center quality. This record of justice anxieties the reasonable dispensing of basic points of interest and the offering of normal loads. It catches the twin good motivations that vitalize general wellbeing: to development human prosperity by enhancing wellbeing and to do so especially by concentrating on the needs of the most impeded. Social justice requests more than reasonable dispersion of assets in compelling general wellbeing crises. Justice is seen as so fundamental to the mission of general wellbeing that it has been portrayed as the field's center worth and it is a critical sorting out standard for general wellbeing.
Justice alone can't focus the "right" approach or supply a response to each inquiry in regards to the wide heading for general wellbeing; not one or the other can whatever other single arranging rule. Then again, there are sure center duties that all who grasp even an unassuming origination of social justice perceive as critical, and those responsibilities can reveal insight into the real progressing discussions in the field: the true blue extent of general wellbeing, the harmony between general wellbeing and common freedoms, and the proper parts of the national government and the states. All the more vitally, this paper demonstrates how general wellbeing focused around social justice offers ascent to critical arrangement objectives, for example, enhancing the general wellbeing framework, decreasing financial inconsistencies, tending to wellbeing determinants, and anticipating wellbeing crises with an eye on the needs of the most helpless. Before analyzing the real discussions and making approach suggestions, we give our specific record of justice in general wellbeing.
Among the most essential and usually comprehended implications of justice is decency or sensibility, particularly in the way individuals are dealt with or choices are made. Our record of justice anxieties the reasonable payment of regular points of interest and the imparting of normal troubles. It catches the twin good driving forces that energize general wellbeing: to development human prosperity by enhancing wellbeing and to do so by concentrating on the needs of the most burdened. A basic piece of bringing great wellbeing to all is the errand of distinguishing and improving examples of orderly impediment that undermine the prosperity of individuals whose prospects for good wellbeing are limited to the point that their life decisions are not by any means remotely like those of others. These two parts of justice wellbeing change for the po.
Human Rights Education
The document outlines three generations of human rights and discusses key aspects of each. The first generation encompasses civil and political rights, including norms around physical security and civil liberties. The second generation includes socio-economic rights focused on fulfilling basic needs and economic needs. The third generation comprises broad class rights related to self-determination of peoples and rights of ethnic/religious minorities. The document also discusses non-derogable rights that cannot be suspended and derogable rights that may be in times of emergency if necessary and proportionate. Finally, it outlines the importance of human rights education in enhancing knowledge, fostering respectful attitudes, and developing skills to protect rights, particularly for those in justice, government, and other professions
Theories, Concepts and Models of Development
The document discusses different perspectives on what constitutes development. It is defined as a multidimensional process involving transformation in structures, attitudes, and institutions to accelerate economic growth, reduce inequality, and eradicate poverty. Development aims to increase access to basic necessities and raise living standards. It also extends economic and social choices available to individuals and nations. The document outlines various scholars' views on development in economic, social, political, and institutional contexts.
Introduction to NGO management
Learning resources compiled by S.Rengasamy for the students doing their Bachelor and Master of Social Work Course
Group rights, group cultural identity and democracy
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to delve into the topic of human rights, consequently showing that the fight for recognising the cultural identity develops through the system of human rights. Specifically speaking, the latter is achieved through civil and political rights, individual rights, and the first-generation rights. Individual’s collective practices for cultural self-identification develop exactly through the civil rights, namely, the right of self-determination. The collective identity and practices also influence and determine the political system. Therefore, in this paper I direct the focus towards the democratic form of the political system of segmented or pluralistic multicultural societies and countries. The implication of this paper is that the consociational democracy (or consensual according to some authors), as a democratic and political system in multi-cultural societies, and cultural diversity in politics are tightly intertwined with the source of their rights, i.e. the human rights system. Keywords: human rights, civil and political rights, individual and collective identity, consociational democracy.
Daniels03 im
This chapter discusses the political and legal environments facing international business. It begins with an opening case on China's evolving business environment. The chapter then covers the main political systems like democracy and totalitarianism, trends in political risk, and approaches to managing political risk. Next, it examines major legal systems like common law and civil law, and how they differ. It also profiles legal issues that affect international business operations and strategies. The chapter concludes by discussing intellectual property rights and the challenges of software piracy globally.
Social exclusion
Social exclusion refers to the lack of participation in social, economic, political and cultural life experienced by groups and individuals. It can be caused by discrimination, lack of basic needs, lack of citizenship rights, and unequal power relations. Reversing social exclusion requires promoting justice, recognition of human worth, self-determination, and solidarity. It also involves balancing individual and collective rights. Social exclusion often leads to poorer health, education, and income inequality that become self-reinforcing over time. Strong policies are needed to eliminate inequalities in areas like education and employment.
Report for Philippine politics and governance by viveca.pptx
The document discusses the origins and principles of human rights and social justice. It begins by defining human rights as inherent to all humans regardless of attributes. It then outlines the origins of human rights in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The document also discusses key principles of social justice such as equal access, equity, participation, and its relationship to human rights. It provides an example of how social justice principles apply to protecting the rights of the LGBTQ+ community from discrimination.
Development Social Sector in Ethiopia.pptx
Here are some of the key challenges facing the education sector in Ethiopia:
- Shortage of qualified teachers: There is a lack of enough qualified teachers at all levels of education to meet the growing demand. Teacher training programs need to be expanded.
- Inadequate infrastructure and facilities: Schools lack adequate classrooms, furniture, water and sanitation facilities, laboratories and other teaching/learning materials. Rapid expansion of the system has strained infrastructure.
- Poor quality of education: Overcrowded classrooms and shortage of teachers has negatively impacted the quality of education. Learning outcomes need to be improved.
- High dropout and repetition rates: Dropout rates remain high especially for girls and children from poor households. Repetition rates indicate
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Chapter 1. Substantive Equality for Women the Challenge for Public Policy
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Responding to social, political, and cultural change (1)
Responding to social, political, and cultural change (1)
Relevance of the Right to Ghetnet Metiku - Development (RTD) in linking and r...
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Nobody is great. Without a doubt as humankind all in all, our real.docx
Nobody is great. Without a doubt as humankind all in all, our real.docx
Group rights, group cultural identity and democracy
Group rights, group cultural identity and democracy
Report for Philippine politics and governance by viveca.pptx
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Defining Urban, Urbanization & Urbanism
This document discusses concepts related to urbanization, urbanism, and cities. Some key points:
- Urbanization is defined as the process of populations moving from rural to urban areas, causing cities and towns to grow. It is influenced by economic, political, and social advantages of urban living.
- Urbanism refers to the way of life in cities, and the social and cultural consequences of dense, heterogeneous urban populations. It involves more competition, specialization, and impersonal relationships than rural areas.
- New Urbanism is an urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods to encourage healthier, more sustainable living. It aims to build a sense of community while adopting ecological practices.
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
The document discusses different approaches to rural development:
1. Past anti-poverty efforts in the Philippines from the 1960s to 1990s by successive presidents met with little success, as described by one observer.
2. A theory of change approach helps identify effective solutions to address the underlying causes of problems hindering progress, considering the UN's comparative advantages.
3. Key principles for developing a theory of change include developing it consultatively to reflect stakeholders' understanding, grounding it in evidence, and supporting continuous learning.
Lecture Presentation on Project Proposal
The document provides guidance on writing an effective project proposal. It begins with definitions of key project terms like project, project life cycle, and goals. It then explains why project proposals are needed, such as to get approval, funding, and buy-in. The document outlines the main components of a strong project proposal, including an executive summary, background information, proposed solution, defined deliverables and goals, timeline, budget, and required resources. It emphasizes that a proposal should clearly communicate the problem being solved, proposed approach, anticipated impact, and convince the reader that the project merits time and funding.
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
The document discusses stakeholder analysis, which involves identifying and assessing the interests, concerns, and influence of individuals or groups impacted by a project. It outlines the types of stakeholders, including internal/external and primary/secondary. Key steps in conducting stakeholder analysis are identified as: 1) identifying stakeholders, 2) prioritizing stakeholders, 3) understanding stakeholder needs/expectations, 4) developing an engagement plan, and 5) monitoring and adapting. Methods for stakeholder analysis like the power-interest grid are presented, along with examples of common pitfalls to avoid and ways to improve stakeholder analysis.
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
The document summarizes several key development issues and concerns in the Philippines, including poverty, overpopulation, unemployment, corruption, limited healthcare access, security threats, and issues within the education system. It notes that poverty remains a challenge with over 20% of the population living below the poverty line. Overpopulation strains resources and is driven by lack of education, poverty, and unemployment. Unemployment and underemployment lead to issues like debt and income inequality. Corruption is also a major problem, with the Philippines perceived as one of the most corrupt countries. Access to quality healthcare is limited especially in rural areas. Security threats include criminality, drugs, and terrorism. Within education, there are issues of limited access, inadequate funding
Human beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Rural development aims to improve economic and social conditions in rural communities. It involves increasing agricultural production, developing infrastructure like roads and healthcare, and raising incomes. Rural development faces challenges like low incomes, lack of opportunities, and remoteness from urban centers. It requires a multi-pronged approach including agricultural growth, job creation, education, and improving living standards. International organizations increasingly prioritize rural development and poverty reduction through strategies like sustainable livelihood programs.
MPA 211: Lecture on WORK ETHICS. pptx
The document discusses work ethics and how managers can instill strong work ethics in employees. It defines work ethics and explains their importance. The bulk of the document outlines 10 ways for managers to develop work ethics among staff, such as leading by example, recognizing good work, and establishing clear expectations. It also addresses the role of employees in upholding work ethics and key qualities of good work ethics.
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
Training and development refers to educating employees within a company to increase productivity, improve quality, lessen employee turnover, and decrease costs and errors. There are several types of training including supervisor training, organizational development training, and interpersonal skills development training. The training and development process consists of five overlapping processes: needs assessment, motivation, design, delivery, and evaluation. Effective training design involves defining objectives, outlining content, developing activities, preparing materials, and determining evaluation and follow-up. Models like ADDIE provide a framework for the design and implementation of training programs.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
Social development aims to improve well-being for all citizens. The document discusses social development in the Philippines under the Duterte Administration from 2017-2022. Key programs implemented included Pantawid Pamilya, universal healthcare, an anti-terrorism act, and infrastructure development. Literacy rates increased while issues remained in areas like housing, the environment, and financial literacy. The new Philippine Development Plan for 2023-2028 envisions healthy, educated citizens living in livable communities.
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
This document discusses prospects and challenges for urban and metropolitan administration and governance. It begins by defining urban and metropolitan areas and outlining the importance of effective administration and governance in promoting economic growth, social justice, and improved quality of life. It then discusses significant prospects for urban areas in economic growth and quality of life, as well as challenges like rapid urbanization, inequality, and climate change. The document also covers topics like public-private partnerships, smart cities, digital governance, integrated metropolitan planning, and sustainable urban development strategies.
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & Budgeting
Planning and Budgeting helps organizations set targets and generate budgets by enabling different departments to collaborate using shared assumptions and tools. Effective planning requires assessing an organization's past approaches and addressing cultural issues to support current processes. Budgeting involves preparing, legislating, executing, and ensuring accountability for budgets through classification of expenditures and an organized structure. The budgeting process allows organizations to review past performance, forecast revenues, assign costs, and communicate budgets clearly.
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
The document discusses the Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS), which links employee performance to organizational goals. The SPMS has four stages: performance planning, monitoring, review/evaluation, and rewarding/development. It focuses on aligning individual goals with the organization's mission, vision, and strategic goals. The SPMS process aims to concretize this linkage and ensure organizational and individual effectiveness. Key elements include goals aligned with agency priorities, an outputs/outcomes orientation, team-based performance management, and user-friendly forms showing goal alignment. Government issuances like AO 25 and a Joint Circular provide rules on performance-based incentives. Performance is measured based on quality, efficiency, and timeliness.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
This document discusses topics related to personal effectiveness, job enrichment, motivation, compensation policy, career development, and management. It defines personal effectiveness as dealing with success, goals, and related concepts. Key personal effectiveness skills include optimism, confidence, determination, reflection, problem-solving, persistence, stress management, emotional intelligence, habit building, organization, and time management. Job enrichment aims to make jobs more motivating by expanding tasks and skills. Career development involves defining goals and acquiring skills through self-assessment, awareness, goal-setting, training, and performance, while career management is a lifelong process of investing in one's future career goals.
Job Analysis, Job Design and Evaluation
The document discusses key aspects of human resource management including job analysis, job design, job evaluation, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, placement and utilization. It defines each concept and explains their importance. For job analysis, it outlines the steps and benefits. It also describes different job evaluation and design methods used by organizations. The recruitment and selection process is summarized in five steps. Placement and utilization focus on properly matching employees to roles and maximizing their productivity.
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
This document discusses workplace stress, its causes and effects, and strategies for managing it. It notes that some stress can motivate employees but too much stress leads to negative outcomes. It identifies 10 signs of stress during change, including increased absenteeism, difficulty concentrating, and hostility. The WHO recommends preventing stress through risk identification, developing action plans, and evaluation. Effective HR strategies include encouraging collaboration, taking breaks, deep breathing, and maintaining a calm mindset. Prioritizing mental health provides tools for managing challenges.
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
Coaching and mentoring involve teaching new skills, improving performance in specific work areas, and building soft skills. They establish goals and empower individuals to take responsibility for their actions. Both provide benefits such as increased job satisfaction, engagement, and productivity. Coaching focuses on skills and performance, while mentoring emphasizes career development and guidance from someone with experience. Both build trust, share knowledge, and help people develop self-awareness and confidence.
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
VUCA stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. It describes constant, unpredictable change that is now the norm in certain industries. The US Army first used VUCA after 9/11 to describe the unfamiliar security environment. In 2009, an author adapted VUCA for business to reflect turbulent forces of change affecting organizations. To manage in a VUCA environment, leaders need new skills like anticipating and adapting to change, strategic thinking, and considering broader contexts. They must also embrace uncertainty, develop resilience, foster innovation, strengthen decision-making, build relationships, and focus on continuous learning.
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
This document discusses concepts related to social responsibility, ethics, and management. It provides examples of companies like Starbucks, Lego, and San Miguel Corporation that demonstrate social responsibility through practices like sustainable sourcing and environmental initiatives. It also outlines classical and socio-economic views of a business's social responsibilities and discusses the importance of managerial ethics. Globalization is defined and its impacts on different levels are explained, along with both benefits and criticisms of the process of globalization.
Lec : Human Resources - Self Confidence
This document outlines an MPA course on organization and management. It covers three main topics: skills of self-confidence, operations and career management, and references. For skills of self-confidence, it defines types of self-confidence like optimal, low, and over confidence and lists skills to build self-confidence. For operations and career management, it discusses key aspects of operations management and importance of career management for both employees and companies. It also outlines eight career anchors that influence career choices. The document provides references used at the end.
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
This document discusses organizational design and change management. It defines organizational design as creating the best fit between an organization's strategic choices and setting. It also outlines several principles of organizational design like specialization, coordination, control and commitment, innovation and adaptation, and knowledge competence. The document also discusses factors that influence organizational design like environment, strategy, technology, size, life cycle, and culture. Additionally, it defines innovation, types of innovation like sustaining and disruptive, and the importance of innovation. Finally, it discusses change management, models of change management like Kotter's 8-step model, McKinsey 7S framework, and ADKAR model, and how each focuses on process or people.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Amartya Sen
- 1. Development as Freedom Amartya Sen First Anchor Books Edition, Random House,Inc. New York,2000 Presented by: Jo B. Bitonio DPA 102 Philippine Administrative System
- 20. thanks