The document discusses various linguistic concepts related to semantics, including denotative and connotative sense relations, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, lexical and grammatical meanings, kinds of homonyms, semantic roles of arguments, and valency. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. The key points are that semantics depends on associations between words, sentences are formed from paradigmatic substitution and syntagmatic combination, and valency refers to the number of arguments that accompany a predicate.

1. SEMANTIC REVIEW BASED ON THE
PREVIOUS PRESENTATION

2. DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE

3. SENSE RELATION

SR is what a word means depend in a part on its
associations with other words. (hubungan dari
makna bisa berbeda bila dipasangkan dengan kata
yang berbeda).
Example:
curious man  laki2 yang penasaran
curious thing  benda yang membuat penasaran

4. PARADIGMATIC AND SYNTACMATIC
Paradigmatic
(vertical)
The
A
Bisa mensubtitusikan kata secara vertical
woman walks.
boy
Some dogs
sneezes.
bark.
Syntacmatic
(horizontal)
Pada dasarnya, kalimat terbentuk/ dibentuk dari Paradigmatic dahulu,
kemudian Syntacmatic.

5. CONT‟
Paradigmatic
(substitutional)

I feel happy

Syntacmatic
(combinational)
I feel blue

I feel sad
Blue colour
 I feel blue

“kalau sudah menjadi
kalimat utuh, maka
kalimat tsb dilihat
secara syntacmatic”

6. LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL
Lexical
grammatical
Postman bit dog
*masing2 kata tersebut
memiliki arti
 Go, going, went, gone


GO
Go has 4 lexemes
 Kide the bucket = DIE

The postman bit the
dog.
*setelah ditambah article
‘the’, maka susunan
tsb berubah menjadi
grammatical

7. VARIOUS WAYS IN SENTENCES
The use of suffixes
 The use of functional words
 The use of ....


Example:
The dog barked  past tense
Did the dog bark?
functional word, karena fungsinya yang secara
grammatical. Kan di situ sudah ada kata „bark‟ yang
menandakan verb. Jadi “did” hanya sbg additional

8. KINDS OF HOMONYM
1.
Same part of speech (syntactic), same spelling
Example: lap (n)
2.
Same part of speech category, different spelling
Example: knight (n)
night (n)
3.
Different part of speech category, same spelling
Example: buy –by , lick – leek , knew – new
4.
Different part of speech category, different spelling
example: our – hour, not – knot

9. SEMANTIC ROLES
NOTICE: this roles are used just for ARGUMENTS.
(not predicate)
 Read page 70 table 4.2
 Predicate somehow influences arguments.


11. NOTES
Actor : argument yan tidak men-etity kan yang lain.
 Affected : (korban) .

Dipengaruhi o/ entitas yg lain / predicate yang lain.
 The result is not clear. Example: Tom broke a window.
 Ada action
 Ada event
Affecting : tetapi without doing any action
Associate : penjelas theme
Effect : the real result / produk. Mostly is a noun (ada
proses hina menjadi suatu produk.
Theme : arguments doesn‟t express action – a stative
predicate.

o
o
o
o

12. VALENCY
Valency is the number of arguments that
accompany a particular predicate.
 There are kind of valencies:

Valency zero.
 Valency one
 Valency two
 Valency three


13. VALENCY ZERO