This document outlines a study on implementing a hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the problems with purely proactive or reactive routing protocols and the motivation for a hybrid approach. The document outlines the objectives to implement OLSR and AODV protocols, design a framework to allow them to work together, and test their performance. Preliminary results show the individual protocols working correctly in simulation. The future work involves combining the protocols in the framework and further evaluating the hybrid protocol's performance and efficiency.

1. Design and Implementation of the
Hybrid Protocol in WSN
Supervisor: MS NONITA SHARMA
SUBMITTED BY:-
AAKARSH MOHAN
RIGZIN TAMCHOS
VIVEK PRATAP SINGH

2. 2
Outline
 Problem statement
 Novelty
 Past studies
 OLSR and AODV
 Motivation
 Objectives
 Framework
 Tests & Results
 Conclusions
 Future Work
 References

3. 3
Problem Statement
 In some scenarios, the network behaviour (traffic
load) may vary a lot, such as an event driven
application.
 The Proactive approach consumes far more energy
when the actual need for routing is less.
 The Reactive approach will be routing again and
again when there is continuous transmission.
 A need for both the approaches at a single scenario
arises.

4. 4
Novelty
 To implement the Hybrid approach in WSN domain
for better adaptability in event driven networks.
 To satisfy the need for low energy consumption in
the network and idle time consumption for routing
the data.
 To identify efficient reactive and proactive
approaches from available algorithms which will
optimize the energy consumption.
 To implement Event estimation techniques for
deciding the approach of routing.

5. Past Studies
 Previous literature have shown that the
hybrid approach has been applied in a
MANET’s .
 The first being Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)
which classify the network in zones for each
node.
 The SHARP is an extended version of the
ZRP

6. Past Studies
 Hybrid approach of algorithms has already being
studied for mobile networks but that approach is not
suitable for WSN due to some fundamental
differences network, applications and traffic profiles
.
 There is a single attempt of a Hybrid approach in
WSN which specifies a Multi-MAF algorithm to switch
between reactive and proactive.
 The events around sensors may be distributed in
time following an occurrence rate. The Moving
Average Filter was used for capturing the behaviour
of last m intervals and produce each point of output
signal.

7. Past Studies
 The Multi-MAF :- A hybrid adaptive algorithm for
routing in WSN( uses traditional proactive and
reactive approach).
P EF tree
Multi-MAF …….
R SID
 This was not widely adopted due to obsolete nature
of the two components and the adaptive model of
Multi-MAF needs to be adjusted to determine better
value of event-detection estimation. The evaluation
of other techniques for event estimation can be
implemented.

8. EF-Tree
 Earliest First Tree is a proactive
The sink node starts the process by broadcasting the
control message.
The node sets the first sender as its parent and
broadcast the building message to all its neighbours.
Whenever a node has a data packet , it sends directly
to its parent.
The building process is periodically repeated, so the
network adapts itself to eventual changes, failures.

9. OLSR (Proactive approach)
 The key concept used in the protocol is that
of multipoint relays (MPRs).
 Three states of optimization
1. only selected nodes broadcast msgs
2. link state info generated only by MPRs
3. MPR reports only links between itself
and its MPR selectors.
 MPRs provide an efficient mechanism for flooding
control traffic by reducing the number of transmissions
required.

10. Optimized Link state routing (OLSR)
24 retransmissions to diffuse a
message up to 3 hops
Retransmission node
11 retransmission to diffuse a
message up to 3 hops
Retransmission node

11. AODV (Reactive approach)
 A node does not have to discover and maintain a
route to another node until the two need to
communicate.
 The Route Discovery process is done by RREQ, once
the destination receives the RREQ it replies by RREP
using unicasting. RREP helps in a forward path
setup.
 The RERR packet is used for route maintenance as a
link failure will require a to reinitiate the route
discovery.

12. AODV (Advantages)
 The AODV runs its course by reducing the
bandwidth utilisation. This is done by specifying the
routing tables at the node.
 The DSDV and DSR algorithms uses the packet data
to store routing information.
 The Distance Vector helps keeps the minimum path
distance to the destination in the source routing
table.

13. 13
Motivation
 Creating an Framework architecture based
on hybrid protocol nodes.
 Nodes run hybrid routing protocol.
 Protocols collaborate during the lifetime of the
network.
 Studying pro and re-active protocols
working together and produces better result
for data/packet transfer.

14. 14
Objectives (1)
 Implementing the OLSR Protocol.
 Implementing the AODV Protocol.
 Designing and implementing some modules
of the framework.
 Running OLSR and AODV for the same
configuration of nodes.
 Reaching nodes in different types of
networks.

15. Objectives (2)
NODE
15
AODV
OLSR
filter
NETWORK

16. 16
Framework (1)
 Complete routing architecture for WSN
networks.
 Setting up an uniform WSN network for
AODV and OLSR protocol simulation for
comparing the outcomes of protocols on
similar network.

17. 17
Framework (2)
 Collecting information from each
protocol
 Evaluating this information
 Choosing the best values for protocol
parameters in order to improve the
performance
 Sending and receiving packets of other
nodes running a different protocol

18. 18
Framework (3)
 Operations
 choose a protocol
 Initiate a protocol
 Add a new route
 Transfer the data/packet
 Delete a route
 Get a node configuration
 Set a node configuration

19. 19
Tests & Results (1)
 Implementation of AODV routing
protocol is done in MATLAB(2015a).
 Protocol is working quite well and
producing the desired output(unicast
path).

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23

24. Tests & Results (3)
 Implementation of OLSR routing
protocol is done in MATLAB(2015a).
 Protocol is working quite well and
producing the desired output(selection
of MPR).
24

25. 25
Tests & Results (5)

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28
Conclusions
 OLSR and AODV protocols are working
quite well.
 Source code for AODV and OLSR
protocols to be used for hybrid protocol
is ready.
 Matlab simulation of both the protocol
shows no errors in path finding.

29. 29
Future Work
 Future work
 Implementing the framework for combining the
two algorithm and producing a hybrid algorithm .
 Studying if the hybrid algorithm can be satisfied
by devices with reduced computational power
and increasing efficiency .
 Deeper study of the cooperation of protocols in
the framework and their performance
enhancement.

30. References
 [1] A Hybrid Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Event-Driven Wireless Sensor
Networks Carlos M.S. Figueiredo, Eduardo F. Nakamura and Antonio A.F.
Loureiro (ISSN1424-8220)
 [2] Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing
Charles E Perkins Sun Microsystems Laboratories Advanced Development
group Menlo park Elizabeth M Royer Dept. of Electrical and Computer
Engineering university of California Santa Barbara .
 [3] Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Thomas Clausen, Editor Philippe
Jacquet, Editor
Project Hipercom INRIA Rocquencourt, France 03
july 2013.
30

31. 31
Thank you!
 Any questions?