This briefly tells about the different seed treatments as well as special seed treatment techniques which is very needy for the better survival of the crops..Hope you will njoy this..
Liquid organic fertilizers: Nutrient rich material is soaked in water for several days or weeks to undergo fermentation. Frequent stirring encourages microbial activity in liquid manures. The resulting liquid can either be used as a foliar fertilizer or applied to the soil.
Liquid organic fertilizers: Nutrient rich material is soaked in water for several days or weeks to undergo fermentation. Frequent stirring encourages microbial activity in liquid manures. The resulting liquid can either be used as a foliar fertilizer or applied to the soil.
Seed quality enhancement techniques and biofortification in rice siddusingadi
Introduction
General scenario of rice
Invigoration techniques
Seed Hardening
Seed bio-priming
Seed coating treatments
Factors affecting priming
Biofotification
Gaps in seed priming research
Future areas to be researched
Conclusion
Seed treatment by Muhammed Aslam COH,ThrishurAslam Muhammed
This is a small attempt just to introduce diffenrent types of seed treatments as well as special treatments for the better germination ,vigour and survival of the crops under various adverse climatic conditions..
Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply (IPNS) is a comprehensive and environmentally sustainable approach to managing plant nutrients in agriculture. It seeks to optimize crop production by carefully integrating various sources of nutrients while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. IPNS takes into account the dynamic interactions between soil, plants, and nutrients, aiming to enhance nutrient use efficiency and reduce the risk of nutrient losses that can harm ecosystems and water quality. In practice, IPNS involves several key principles and strategies. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of soil health and fertility management through practices like crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic matter addition. These practices improve soil structure and microbial activity, enhancing nutrient availability to plants. Secondly, IPNS advocates for the use of a variety of nutrient sources, including organic materials like compost and manure, mineral fertilizers, and biofertilizers. This diversity ensures that plants receive a balanced diet of essential nutrients tailored to their growth stages, reducing the risk of nutrient imbalances and deficiencies. Furthermore, IPNS encourages the precise timing and placement of nutrients to match the crop's needs throughout its growth cycle. By avoiding over-application and minimizing nutrient losses through practices like drip irrigation or controlled-release fertilizers, IPNS promotes both economic benefits for farmers and reduced environmental impacts. Moreover, it factors in local agro-ecological conditions, acknowledging that nutrient management should be context-specific, considering factors such as climate, soil type, and crop variety. In summary, Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply is a holistic and sustainable approach to nutrient management in agriculture that prioritizes both crop productivity and environmental stewardship. By integrating various nutrient sources, optimizing nutrient use efficiency, and considering local conditions, IPNS seeks to ensure long-term soil fertility, reduce nutrient pollution, and enhance the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems.
In this short document, I will quickly give you a couple of Tips that will come in handy in driving smart, rather than hard, and ultimately help in maximizing your Uber revenue! At the end of this document we also provide resources for the Uber Black Partner that will help in understanding Uber’s business model; how to grow your own Uber Black fleet; and essential tips on the options available to maximize your ROI whilst managing multiple uber black cars.
Seed quality enhancement techniques and biofortification in rice siddusingadi
Introduction
General scenario of rice
Invigoration techniques
Seed Hardening
Seed bio-priming
Seed coating treatments
Factors affecting priming
Biofotification
Gaps in seed priming research
Future areas to be researched
Conclusion
Seed treatment by Muhammed Aslam COH,ThrishurAslam Muhammed
This is a small attempt just to introduce diffenrent types of seed treatments as well as special treatments for the better germination ,vigour and survival of the crops under various adverse climatic conditions..
Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply (IPNS) is a comprehensive and environmentally sustainable approach to managing plant nutrients in agriculture. It seeks to optimize crop production by carefully integrating various sources of nutrients while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. IPNS takes into account the dynamic interactions between soil, plants, and nutrients, aiming to enhance nutrient use efficiency and reduce the risk of nutrient losses that can harm ecosystems and water quality. In practice, IPNS involves several key principles and strategies. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of soil health and fertility management through practices like crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic matter addition. These practices improve soil structure and microbial activity, enhancing nutrient availability to plants. Secondly, IPNS advocates for the use of a variety of nutrient sources, including organic materials like compost and manure, mineral fertilizers, and biofertilizers. This diversity ensures that plants receive a balanced diet of essential nutrients tailored to their growth stages, reducing the risk of nutrient imbalances and deficiencies. Furthermore, IPNS encourages the precise timing and placement of nutrients to match the crop's needs throughout its growth cycle. By avoiding over-application and minimizing nutrient losses through practices like drip irrigation or controlled-release fertilizers, IPNS promotes both economic benefits for farmers and reduced environmental impacts. Moreover, it factors in local agro-ecological conditions, acknowledging that nutrient management should be context-specific, considering factors such as climate, soil type, and crop variety. In summary, Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply is a holistic and sustainable approach to nutrient management in agriculture that prioritizes both crop productivity and environmental stewardship. By integrating various nutrient sources, optimizing nutrient use efficiency, and considering local conditions, IPNS seeks to ensure long-term soil fertility, reduce nutrient pollution, and enhance the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems.
In this short document, I will quickly give you a couple of Tips that will come in handy in driving smart, rather than hard, and ultimately help in maximizing your Uber revenue! At the end of this document we also provide resources for the Uber Black Partner that will help in understanding Uber’s business model; how to grow your own Uber Black fleet; and essential tips on the options available to maximize your ROI whilst managing multiple uber black cars.
Seed treatment, Seed germination and crop establishment in relation to soil m...Alkesh Patel
Detailed information about the seed treatments, methods of seed treatments, different equipment used in seed treatments, seed germination, component related to seed germination and establishment of crop in relation to soil moisture content.
To get the presentation contact me on alkesh.patel,2711@gmail.com
Banana is the fourth largest produced food crop of the world and its demand is increasing day by day. It is available throw out the year and its cost is very less in comparison to other fruits. With the development in science new tissue culture protocols are standardized for mass propagation of Musa (Banana) on the basis of effects of plant growth regulators. BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine), KN (Kinetin) are most widely used cytokinins for shoot proliferation and IAA (Indole -3-acetic acid), NAA (Naphathalene acetic acid) are widely used auxins for root induction.
Explore meristem culture—a technique for virus-free plant propagation. Learn how apical meristems drive growth and enable cloning. Discover its applications in agriculture and research.”
Micropropagation (tissue culture or invitro culture) refers to the multiplication of plants, in an aseptic condition and in artificial growth medium from plant parts like meristem tip, callus, embryos anthers, axillary buds etc. It is a method by which a true to type and disease free entire plant can be regenerated from a miniature piece of plant in aseptic condition in artificial growing medium rapidly throughout the year.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide , insecticide
or both to the seeds to disinfect (deep seated ) and disinfest
( over seed coat ) them from seed borne or soil borne pathogenic
organisms and storage insects.
Benefits of seed treatment
1.Prevention of spread of plant diseases both systemic
and non systemic
2.Protects seed from seed rot and seedling blights
3. Improves germination
4. Provides protection from storage insects and pests.
3. Dates back to 17th century when salt water was accidently
discovered to control bunt and stinking smut of wheat seed.
In 1755, M.D Tillet, a french botonist recommented the use of
lye and lime as a chemical treatment for wheat seed
Some 50 years later ,Prevost a Swiss botanist ,discovered the
use of copper fungicides as seed treatment.
New concepts of treating seeds with Organomercurials like
Ceresan and Semesan were introduced in 1920.
10. Hanson et al. [1] divided seed treatment methods into three
groups
MECHANICAL METHODS
PHYSICAL METHODS
CHEMICAL METHODS
OTHER METHODS
11. 1. MECHANICAL METHODS
These are designed to remove infectious materials mixed
with seeds.
Seeds can be mechanically cleaned thoroughly before
seeding to remove pathogenic organisms from the seed
surfaces.
This often requires further treatment.
12. 2. PHYSICAL METHODS
Physical methods include hot-water and water-soak
treatments and ultraviolet, infrared, X-ray and other types of
irradiation.
Do not protect seeds from soilborne organisms
13. 3. CHEMICAL METHODS
Most commonly used method because of its
effectiveness and ease of handling.
IDEAL CHEMICAL would be;
Highly effective in controlling the pathogen
Harmless to the seed,animals and non toxic to people
Economic to use
Easy to apply
Non corrosive to machinery
Stable for long periods
14. A) Mercurial Compounds
1. Organo mercurials: Small grains , flax cotton and
safflower
Eg: PMA (Phenyl Mercuric acetate), MEMC (Methoxy
ethyl Mercury chloride), EMC (Ethyl mercuric chloride )
2.Inorganic mercurials: Mercuric chloride, mercurious
chloride and mercuric oxide
Tuber and root crops , Garden and vegetable crops
Chemicals used for Seed treatment
15. B) Non Mercurials
1.Organic non mercurials
Less effective than the organic mercurials
Less damaging to the seeds
Less damaging to the persons handling the seeds
Over dose is not harmful and viability is not effected
Eg Thiram, Captan, Carbendazim, Metalaxyl
2. Inorganic Non Mercurials:
Copper carbonate, Copper sulphate – Bunt disease in
wheat
Cuprous oxide- seed decay and damping off in
vegetables
16. I. Chemical treatments to improve germination and
vigour potential
Soaking / treating the seeds with nutrients vitamins and
micronutrients etc
1.Paddy: Seeds can be soaked in 1 % KCl solution for 12 hours
to improve the germination and vigour potential.
17. 2.Sorghum: Seeds could be soaked in NaCl2 (1 %) or KH2PO4
(1%) for 12 hours for improving the germination and vigour
potential.
18. 3.Pulses : Seeds can be soaked in ZnSO4, MgSO4
and MnSO4 100 ppm solution for 4 hours to improve
the germination and vigour potential.
19. 4. OTHER METHODS
ABCD specifically controls Fusarium, Alternaria, Drechslera,
Aspergillus flavus
It was also very effective in controlling the major stored grain
pests
ABCD was also found effective in reducing seedborne
diseases
Siddiqui and Agarwal [2] brought to light a
new material for seed treatment, ABCD
(attapulgite - based clay dust), developed
at the Indian Institute of Chemical
Technology (CSIR, Hyderabad) for seed
treatment and safe storage of seeds and
food grains.
20. 1. Seed disinfection: It refers to eradication of
fungal spores present within the seed coat or
more deep seated tissues
2. Seed disinfestations: It refers to the
destruction of surface borne organisms that
contaminated the seed surface but not
infected the seed.
3. Seed protection: To protect the seed and
young seedling from organisms in the soil
which might otherwise cause delay of the
seed before germination.
Seed Treatment Fungicides
22. 1 .Slurry treaters
A slurry is prepared by mixing the
chemical with water.
The treatment material to be
applied as slurry is accurately
measured through a simple
mechanism comprised of a slurry cup
and seed dump pan.
The cup introduces a given amount
of slurry with each dump of seed into
a mixing chamber where the seeds are
mixed thoroughly.
23. 2.Direct treater
Panogen and Mist o matic treater
The "mist-o-matic" treater applies chemical as a mist
directly to the seed.
The treater is equipped with a large treatment tank, a
pump and a return that maintains the level in the small
reservoir from which the seed is fed.
24.
25. A simple mixer can be made
by running a pipe through a
drum at an angle.
The drum is then mounted
onto a stand.
The seed and treatment are
placed in the drum and it is
rotated slowly until all the seeds
are cornered with the chemicals.
3. Drum Mixer
26. Liquid materials can be dripped on the seed as they
enter a grain auger or straw conveyer.
By the time seeds have left the auger the chemical is
spread on the seeds.
4. Grain Auger
5. Shovel
Seeds are spread on a clean dry surface 10-15 cm in depth.
The proper amount of chemical is diluted with water and
sprinkled over the seed.
Mixing is done with shovel or sloop turning the seed at
least 20 times.
27.
28. 1. SEED
COATING
Seed coating is the application of useful
materials to the seed without changing its
general size or shape.
Seed coating has been utilised to ameliorate environmental
stresses such as drought and flooding
Seed coating with peroxide compounds provide oxygen to
seeds under anoxic soil conditions
Hydrophilic polymers maintain a high water potential
around germinating seeds
29. 2. SEED PELLETING
Pelleting is enclosing of seed in a filler material using an
adhesive with bioactive chemicals to ensure singling of seed and
size increases for easy handling.
The binders for pelleting include gum arabic ,gelatin, starch
and the commonly used fillers are Lime stone, gypsum, talc,
vermiculite, peat etc.
The pellet may act as a physical barrier as well as mechanical
barrier.
30. 3. ENCAPSULATION OF SEEDS
Natural seeds also can be
encapsulated using hydrogels
Redenbaugh et al.[3] mixed
propagules with sodium alginate
solutions and then transferred
the coated propagules to a
calcium salt to form a soft
capsule.
This technology was developed to form
capsules of somatic embryos by gelation to
enhance their stability
31. 4. FLUID DRILLING AND SEED PRIMING
It consist of germinating
seeds in aerated water until
radicle emergence
The seeds are then mixed in
a viscous gel and sown with
an appropriate drill.
The gel prevents seeding
injury to the emerging
radicle and maintains seed
moisture
32. Seed priming allows for the regulation of the water content in
the seed, either by soaking the seeds in water or in a solute; or, by
exposing the seeds to water vapor.
Osmoticums such as PEG and inorganic salts have
been used as a priming agents
o Hydropriming
o Osmotic priming.
o Solid matrix priming.
o Drum priming
The seeds imbibe water for a time
interval. After the time interval, the process
is halted right before the first root, called
the radicle, emerges from the seed.
With priming the germination process is
activated so that seeds germinate more
rapidly and emerge more uniformly
33. 5. BIOLOGICAL SEED
TREATMENTS
Seed treatment with beneficial microorganisms like
Rhizobium spp. to treat leguminous seeds for nitrogen
fixation and Azospirillum and other nitrogen –fixing
bacteria has long been known.
Fathey [5] noted that an endophytic bacterium,
Clavibacter xylii, when introduced into corn seeds is
transformed to produce an insecticidal protien (§-endo
toxin) from Bacillus thuringenesis which is active against
the european corn borer
34.
35. As a warning that the seeds
have been treated .
The colour also indicate the
uniformity of the chemical
coverage.
Coloring of seeds prevents
inadvertant use of treated
seeds for food or feed
purpose.
Coloring of seeds
36. Never used for animal or human consumption.
The treated seeds must be properly labelled.
Care must be taken to treat the seeds at correct dosage.
Do not treat the seed with concentrated liquid
products.
The technique must be economical and practical for the
specific crop, and above all the materials used should be
environmentally safe
Precautions for seed treatment!!!