Seed testing in pulses and oilseeds
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•1,006 views
This document summarizes seed testing procedures for pulses and oilseeds. It discusses the importance of seed testing to evaluate planting quality and identify attributes like purity, moisture, germination, and health. Methods of sampling include taking primary samples from bags or bulk, combining them into a composite sample, and reducing it to a working sample for lab tests. The document outlines procedures for physical purity analysis and germination testing, including equipment, standards, and temperature and timeframe requirements for different crops. It also defines categories for evaluating germination test results like normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, hard seeds, and dead seeds.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Challenges facing by the farmers in pulses production and productivity ?
This document discusses the challenges facing farmers in increasing pulses productivity and production in India. It outlines several key challenges, including agro-ecological constraints like low and erratic rainfall in rainfed areas as well as degraded soils, biological constraints as pulses have adapted to harsh conditions, biotic stresses from diseases and pests, inadequate seed availability and poor input use, socio-economic priorities that favor cereals over pulses, soil texture issues in low quality soils, and varietal constraints like a lack of high-yielding varieties. Addressing these challenges through improved seeds, greater input use, pest management, more stable markets, and new varieties adapted to local conditions is needed to boost pulses production in India.
Organic Certification.pptx
Organic certification is a process that certifies organic agricultural products. It involves compliance with production standards regarding inputs, land requirements, record keeping, and inspections. There are various national and international certification agencies and standards that farmers must consider when seeking certification. Certification assures consumers that organic integrity was maintained throughout production and provides market benefits to farmers.
off season vegetable production
This document discusses off-season vegetable production in India. It begins by defining off-season vegetable production as producing vegetables after or before their normal season through various methods. It then discusses the advantages of off-season production such as higher profits, employment, and nutritional security. Specific production methods covered include adjusting planting times, using different agroclimatic regions, and protected structures like greenhouses, tunnels, and polyhouses. Key off-season vegetables grown in India and suitable varieties are also outlined. The document provides details on production systems, yields, and strategies to facilitate year-round vegetable availability.
Sweet potato
This document provides information on sweet potatoes, including that they are an important starchy crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It details that India's top producing states are Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh. Sweet potatoes are used for food and industrial purposes and provide nutrients. The document outlines ideal growing conditions, common varieties, and pests and diseases affecting sweet potato cultivation.
Apple cultivation
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
Floral Biology of Crop Plants
- Floral biology is an interdisciplinary field that studies the evolutionary factors that have molded the structures, behaviors, and physiological processes involved in plant flowering. It examines aspects like flower size, structure, rewards offered to pollinators, and timing of flowering.
- Flowers produce pollen, which is dispersed by wind or animals. After germinating on the stigma, the pollen tube grows into the pistil's style and ovary. Double fertilization then occurs, where one sperm fuses with the egg to form the embryo and the other with the central cells to form endosperm.
- Flowers consist of four main whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gyno
Crop regulation in guava and pomegranate
Crop regulation, also known as bahar treatment, involves giving fruit crops a resting period through methods like withholding water or using chemicals. This alters the natural flowering cycle to produce higher yields at specific times. For pomegranate, bahar treatment can induce flowering in June-July, September-October, or January-February depending on rainfall patterns. For guava, bahar involves restricting water from February to May to induce heavy flowering and winter crop yields of higher quality fruit. Methods like root exposure, deblossoming of rainy season crops, and growth regulators like urea or potassium iodide are used to regulate guava flowering cycles.
Environmental Control IN GREEN HOUSE
The document discusses various methods for controlling the environment in polyhouses or greenhouses, including temperature control using thermostats or evaporative cooling, humidity control, light intensity control using different types of lighting, and CO2 control. It also covers supplemental lighting options like fluorescent, incandescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps and their properties. Automation and computerization of environmental control systems is also mentioned.
Recommended
Challenges facing by the farmers in pulses production and productivity ?
This document discusses the challenges facing farmers in increasing pulses productivity and production in India. It outlines several key challenges, including agro-ecological constraints like low and erratic rainfall in rainfed areas as well as degraded soils, biological constraints as pulses have adapted to harsh conditions, biotic stresses from diseases and pests, inadequate seed availability and poor input use, socio-economic priorities that favor cereals over pulses, soil texture issues in low quality soils, and varietal constraints like a lack of high-yielding varieties. Addressing these challenges through improved seeds, greater input use, pest management, more stable markets, and new varieties adapted to local conditions is needed to boost pulses production in India.
Organic Certification.pptx
Organic certification is a process that certifies organic agricultural products. It involves compliance with production standards regarding inputs, land requirements, record keeping, and inspections. There are various national and international certification agencies and standards that farmers must consider when seeking certification. Certification assures consumers that organic integrity was maintained throughout production and provides market benefits to farmers.
off season vegetable production
This document discusses off-season vegetable production in India. It begins by defining off-season vegetable production as producing vegetables after or before their normal season through various methods. It then discusses the advantages of off-season production such as higher profits, employment, and nutritional security. Specific production methods covered include adjusting planting times, using different agroclimatic regions, and protected structures like greenhouses, tunnels, and polyhouses. Key off-season vegetables grown in India and suitable varieties are also outlined. The document provides details on production systems, yields, and strategies to facilitate year-round vegetable availability.
Sweet potato
This document provides information on sweet potatoes, including that they are an important starchy crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It details that India's top producing states are Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh. Sweet potatoes are used for food and industrial purposes and provide nutrients. The document outlines ideal growing conditions, common varieties, and pests and diseases affecting sweet potato cultivation.
Apple cultivation
This document provides information about apple production including taxonomy, varieties, propagation, planting, training, pruning, pest and disease management. It discusses apple as the king of temperate fruits, with highest production in China. It covers major apple growing regions in India and varieties grown in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand for early, mid and late seasons. It also discusses production practices like propagation, rootstocks, planting density, training and pruning methods, fertilizer and irrigation management, and harvesting.
Floral Biology of Crop Plants
- Floral biology is an interdisciplinary field that studies the evolutionary factors that have molded the structures, behaviors, and physiological processes involved in plant flowering. It examines aspects like flower size, structure, rewards offered to pollinators, and timing of flowering.
- Flowers produce pollen, which is dispersed by wind or animals. After germinating on the stigma, the pollen tube grows into the pistil's style and ovary. Double fertilization then occurs, where one sperm fuses with the egg to form the embryo and the other with the central cells to form endosperm.
- Flowers consist of four main whorls - calyx, corolla, androecium and gyno
Crop regulation in guava and pomegranate
Crop regulation, also known as bahar treatment, involves giving fruit crops a resting period through methods like withholding water or using chemicals. This alters the natural flowering cycle to produce higher yields at specific times. For pomegranate, bahar treatment can induce flowering in June-July, September-October, or January-February depending on rainfall patterns. For guava, bahar involves restricting water from February to May to induce heavy flowering and winter crop yields of higher quality fruit. Methods like root exposure, deblossoming of rainy season crops, and growth regulators like urea or potassium iodide are used to regulate guava flowering cycles.
Environmental Control IN GREEN HOUSE
The document discusses various methods for controlling the environment in polyhouses or greenhouses, including temperature control using thermostats or evaporative cooling, humidity control, light intensity control using different types of lighting, and CO2 control. It also covers supplemental lighting options like fluorescent, incandescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps and their properties. Automation and computerization of environmental control systems is also mentioned.
Types of seed storage
This document discusses different types of seed storage. It describes bag storage which uses waterproof warehouses and follows sanitation practices. Bulk storage also meets basic requirements but requires more insulation. Seeds stored in bulk need frequent turning to prevent deterioration. Conditioned storage carefully controls temperature and humidity but is costly. Cryogenic storage places seeds in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for long-term preservation. Hermetic storage seals seeds in air-tight containers. Containerized storage uses desiccants to regulate humidity in closed containers. The document concludes by outlining preferred long-term storage conditions of -18°C or less in air-tight containers at 3-7% moisture.
Strawberry cultivation
This document provides information on strawberry production, including:
- Strawberries are a herbaceous plant cultivated for its fruit, which is rich in vitamin C and iron. The top producers are the United States, Turkey, and Spain.
- Ideal conditions for cultivation include a temperate climate, acidic soil, and planting from September to October for maximum growth.
- Popular varieties include Chandler, Tioga, and Torrey, which produce large, firm berries tolerant of disease. Proper spacing, fertilization, irrigation, and pest management are required.
- Strawberries are harvested from May to June when three-fourths of the fruit is red, and yields average 45-100 quintals per hect
Types of polyhouse
Low, medium, and high cost polyhouses are classified based on their environmental control capabilities. Low cost polyhouses use locally available materials and have no specific controls. Medium cost polyhouses use fans and cooling pads for some control. High cost polyhouses are fully climate controlled with sensors, durable frames, and precision growing conditions. Other types include plastic tunnels, net houses, and trench polyhouses suitable for hilly regions. Site selection considers soil quality, water access, slope, and transportation. Polyhouses allow year-round production with higher yields, quality, and disease resistance than outdoor farming.
Post harvesting handling of flowers
1) Proper post-harvest handling of cut flowers is important to maintain quality and extend vase life. It involves harvesting at the right stage of maturity, grading, chemical pulsing for preservatives, packing, cooling, and storage at optimal temperatures and humidity.
2) Key aspects of post-harvest handling include harvesting in the morning or evening, proper bunching and sleeving techniques, using pre-cooling and chemical pulses to prolong vase life, and storing flowers at temperatures between 2-8°C and 75-99% relative humidity.
3) Maintaining optimal post-harvest conditions through all stages of handling, transport, and marketing is crucial to delivering fresh flowers and maximizing profits.
Sameti training ppt
This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Yam
Dioscorea species, commonly known as yams, are an important food crop grown in tropical regions for their starchy tubers. The three major species cultivated are D. alata, D. rotundata, and D. esculenta. Africa is the largest producer, with Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and Benin being major producers. Yams are vegetatively propagated and grown in warm, humid climates with adequate rainfall. Pests and diseases that affect yams include anthracnose, dry rot caused by nematodes, and mosaic virus. Tubers are manually harvested after 9-10 months, dried, and stored in well-ventilated structures for several months
Experiential learning programme
The document provides details about an experiential learning programme on mushroom production and protected cultivation of high value horticultural crops. Key points:
- The programme aims to provide students hands-on experience in rural agriculture and entrepreneurial skills to start their own enterprises.
- Students are assigned two modules - mushroom production and protected cultivation of vegetables. Various crops like radish, brinjal, spinach and garlic are grown using recommended practices.
- Activities include preparing land, sowing seeds, irrigation, weeding, harvesting. Students gain experience in planning and carrying out agricultural operations.
- The programme aims to make students job providers through practical skills and confidence in agricultural production.
seed testing for quality assessment
In this presentation discuses about what is seed testing and what are the objective and important , what are the different types of quality assessment test .
Identification of annuals, annuals classification of annuals , annuals
This document provides information on the identification and characteristics of various annual flower plants. It begins by defining annuals as plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. It then provides tables with the botanical name, family, height, color, and uses of over 50 different annual flower varieties. These include calendula, pansies, petunia, zinnia, and sunflower. The document emphasizes the importance of color selection for bedding and describes how different color combinations can create different visual effects.
Seed sampling
This document discusses seed lot sampling techniques. It defines a seed lot and explains that representative sampling is important to obtain accurate test results. There are different types of samples including service samples sent by individuals, official samples taken by inspectors, and certified samples taken by certification agencies using a four step process. Primary samples are drawn from different parts of a seed lot and combined into a composite sample, which is then reduced to a submitted sample for testing. Sampling intensity depends on the size of the seed lot, ranging from sampling each container for small lots to one sample every 700kg for very large lots. Common sampling methods and equipment are also described.
Diseases of elephant foot yam
1. The document describes three diseases that affect elephant foot yam: leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, and dasheen mosaic virus.
2. It provides details on the symptoms, life cycles, and management strategies for each disease.
3. The diseases can cause significant yield losses, so integrated management approaches including cultural, chemical, and biological controls are recommended.
Sex expression in cucurbits
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
Horticultural practices in vegetable crops
This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
Tomato production technology
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
Seed treatment
Seed treatment involves subjecting seeds to compounds, processes, or energy to enhance planting value. Historically, seeds were steeped in substances like milk, cow dung, and honey according to Indian scripts. Modern seed treatment effectively controls many seed-borne diseases. Methods include coating seeds with chemicals, pelleting seeds with pesticides and nutrients, and priming seeds by soaking in osmotic solutions. This stimulates germination without radicle emergence. Seed treatment offers local application, reduced rates, protection from sowing, and systemic uptake by plants. Major crops are often treated with fungicides, biocontrol agents like Trichoderma, or insecticides to control various diseases and pests.
Lawn management
This document provides recommendations for maintaining a healthy lawn. It discusses soil preparation including aeration and adding organic matter. It recommends treatments for pest and disease control of roots before transplanting. It lists common grass varieties for lawns and weeds to control. It describes fertilizer and weed management. It also discusses common lawn problems like chlorosis, dog urine damage, and mowing issues. Finally, it covers pests like white ants and diseases like anthracnose, brown patch and their symptoms and controls.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF GROUNDNUT
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
Determination of seed moisture content
seed moisture content,objective, definition, principle, methods of moisture content determination, equipments used for moisture test, types of air oven methods, testing procedure, use of tolerance tables in moisture content estimation, reporting of results, examples of crop species suitable for different method of determination of moisture content, estimation of moisture by using moisture meters
High density orcharding in fruit crops.
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
seed viability dormancy and storage
This document discusses seed viability, dormancy, and storage. It defines seed viability as the ability of a seed to germinate and produce a normal seedling. Seed viability can be reduced by adverse weather during development or environmental conditions after maturity. Methods to test viability include tetrazolium tests, germination tests, and x-ray analysis. Seed dormancy is when viable seeds do not germinate under favorable conditions. Causes of dormancy include impermeable seed coats and immature embryos. Dormancy can be broken through mechanical or chemical scarification. Seed storage aims to maintain seed quality until planting by keeping seeds dry and cool in sealed containers or conditioned facilities.
Seed quality testing
Seed quality testing involves evaluating various parameters of a seed lot such as physical, physiological, genetic and storability attributes. The key tests include moisture content, physical purity analysis, germination testing, seed viability assessment using tetrazolium testing, and disease testing. Seed sampling and handling procedures are important aspects of sample management in a seed testing laboratory. The primary aim of seed testing is to provide accurate results on the quality status of seed samples submitted. This allows farmers to obtain high quality seeds suited to local growing conditions.
Physical Purity Testing.pdf
components of physical purity analysis, pure seed , inert matter, procedure of physical purity analysis, designated disease, objectionable weeds, other distinguishable varieties, thousand seed weight determination, Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards for physical purity, weed seed, other crop seed
More Related Content
What's hot
Types of seed storage
This document discusses different types of seed storage. It describes bag storage which uses waterproof warehouses and follows sanitation practices. Bulk storage also meets basic requirements but requires more insulation. Seeds stored in bulk need frequent turning to prevent deterioration. Conditioned storage carefully controls temperature and humidity but is costly. Cryogenic storage places seeds in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for long-term preservation. Hermetic storage seals seeds in air-tight containers. Containerized storage uses desiccants to regulate humidity in closed containers. The document concludes by outlining preferred long-term storage conditions of -18°C or less in air-tight containers at 3-7% moisture.
Strawberry cultivation
This document provides information on strawberry production, including:
- Strawberries are a herbaceous plant cultivated for its fruit, which is rich in vitamin C and iron. The top producers are the United States, Turkey, and Spain.
- Ideal conditions for cultivation include a temperate climate, acidic soil, and planting from September to October for maximum growth.
- Popular varieties include Chandler, Tioga, and Torrey, which produce large, firm berries tolerant of disease. Proper spacing, fertilization, irrigation, and pest management are required.
- Strawberries are harvested from May to June when three-fourths of the fruit is red, and yields average 45-100 quintals per hect
Types of polyhouse
Low, medium, and high cost polyhouses are classified based on their environmental control capabilities. Low cost polyhouses use locally available materials and have no specific controls. Medium cost polyhouses use fans and cooling pads for some control. High cost polyhouses are fully climate controlled with sensors, durable frames, and precision growing conditions. Other types include plastic tunnels, net houses, and trench polyhouses suitable for hilly regions. Site selection considers soil quality, water access, slope, and transportation. Polyhouses allow year-round production with higher yields, quality, and disease resistance than outdoor farming.
Post harvesting handling of flowers
1) Proper post-harvest handling of cut flowers is important to maintain quality and extend vase life. It involves harvesting at the right stage of maturity, grading, chemical pulsing for preservatives, packing, cooling, and storage at optimal temperatures and humidity.
2) Key aspects of post-harvest handling include harvesting in the morning or evening, proper bunching and sleeving techniques, using pre-cooling and chemical pulses to prolong vase life, and storing flowers at temperatures between 2-8°C and 75-99% relative humidity.
3) Maintaining optimal post-harvest conditions through all stages of handling, transport, and marketing is crucial to delivering fresh flowers and maximizing profits.
Sameti training ppt
This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Yam
Dioscorea species, commonly known as yams, are an important food crop grown in tropical regions for their starchy tubers. The three major species cultivated are D. alata, D. rotundata, and D. esculenta. Africa is the largest producer, with Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and Benin being major producers. Yams are vegetatively propagated and grown in warm, humid climates with adequate rainfall. Pests and diseases that affect yams include anthracnose, dry rot caused by nematodes, and mosaic virus. Tubers are manually harvested after 9-10 months, dried, and stored in well-ventilated structures for several months
Experiential learning programme
The document provides details about an experiential learning programme on mushroom production and protected cultivation of high value horticultural crops. Key points:
- The programme aims to provide students hands-on experience in rural agriculture and entrepreneurial skills to start their own enterprises.
- Students are assigned two modules - mushroom production and protected cultivation of vegetables. Various crops like radish, brinjal, spinach and garlic are grown using recommended practices.
- Activities include preparing land, sowing seeds, irrigation, weeding, harvesting. Students gain experience in planning and carrying out agricultural operations.
- The programme aims to make students job providers through practical skills and confidence in agricultural production.
seed testing for quality assessment
In this presentation discuses about what is seed testing and what are the objective and important , what are the different types of quality assessment test .
Identification of annuals, annuals classification of annuals , annuals
This document provides information on the identification and characteristics of various annual flower plants. It begins by defining annuals as plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. It then provides tables with the botanical name, family, height, color, and uses of over 50 different annual flower varieties. These include calendula, pansies, petunia, zinnia, and sunflower. The document emphasizes the importance of color selection for bedding and describes how different color combinations can create different visual effects.
Seed sampling
This document discusses seed lot sampling techniques. It defines a seed lot and explains that representative sampling is important to obtain accurate test results. There are different types of samples including service samples sent by individuals, official samples taken by inspectors, and certified samples taken by certification agencies using a four step process. Primary samples are drawn from different parts of a seed lot and combined into a composite sample, which is then reduced to a submitted sample for testing. Sampling intensity depends on the size of the seed lot, ranging from sampling each container for small lots to one sample every 700kg for very large lots. Common sampling methods and equipment are also described.
Diseases of elephant foot yam
1. The document describes three diseases that affect elephant foot yam: leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, and dasheen mosaic virus.
2. It provides details on the symptoms, life cycles, and management strategies for each disease.
3. The diseases can cause significant yield losses, so integrated management approaches including cultural, chemical, and biological controls are recommended.
Sex expression in cucurbits
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
Horticultural practices in vegetable crops
This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
Tomato production technology
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
Seed treatment
Seed treatment involves subjecting seeds to compounds, processes, or energy to enhance planting value. Historically, seeds were steeped in substances like milk, cow dung, and honey according to Indian scripts. Modern seed treatment effectively controls many seed-borne diseases. Methods include coating seeds with chemicals, pelleting seeds with pesticides and nutrients, and priming seeds by soaking in osmotic solutions. This stimulates germination without radicle emergence. Seed treatment offers local application, reduced rates, protection from sowing, and systemic uptake by plants. Major crops are often treated with fungicides, biocontrol agents like Trichoderma, or insecticides to control various diseases and pests.
Lawn management
This document provides recommendations for maintaining a healthy lawn. It discusses soil preparation including aeration and adding organic matter. It recommends treatments for pest and disease control of roots before transplanting. It lists common grass varieties for lawns and weeds to control. It describes fertilizer and weed management. It also discusses common lawn problems like chlorosis, dog urine damage, and mowing issues. Finally, it covers pests like white ants and diseases like anthracnose, brown patch and their symptoms and controls.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF GROUNDNUT
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. It is a herbaceous annual plant with a taproot and yellow flowers. Groundnuts are classified based on growth habit into erect bunch types and spreading trailing types. They grow best in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils receiving 50-125 cm of rainfall annually. Groundnuts are used as food, for oil extraction, and animal feed, and provide nutritional and economic benefits.
Determination of seed moisture content
seed moisture content,objective, definition, principle, methods of moisture content determination, equipments used for moisture test, types of air oven methods, testing procedure, use of tolerance tables in moisture content estimation, reporting of results, examples of crop species suitable for different method of determination of moisture content, estimation of moisture by using moisture meters
High density orcharding in fruit crops.
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
seed viability dormancy and storage
This document discusses seed viability, dormancy, and storage. It defines seed viability as the ability of a seed to germinate and produce a normal seedling. Seed viability can be reduced by adverse weather during development or environmental conditions after maturity. Methods to test viability include tetrazolium tests, germination tests, and x-ray analysis. Seed dormancy is when viable seeds do not germinate under favorable conditions. Causes of dormancy include impermeable seed coats and immature embryos. Dormancy can be broken through mechanical or chemical scarification. Seed storage aims to maintain seed quality until planting by keeping seeds dry and cool in sealed containers or conditioned facilities.
What's hot (20)
Identification of annuals, annuals classification of annuals , annuals
Identification of annuals, annuals classification of annuals , annuals
Similar to Seed testing in pulses and oilseeds
Seed quality testing
Seed quality testing involves evaluating various parameters of a seed lot such as physical, physiological, genetic and storability attributes. The key tests include moisture content, physical purity analysis, germination testing, seed viability assessment using tetrazolium testing, and disease testing. Seed sampling and handling procedures are important aspects of sample management in a seed testing laboratory. The primary aim of seed testing is to provide accurate results on the quality status of seed samples submitted. This allows farmers to obtain high quality seeds suited to local growing conditions.
Physical Purity Testing.pdf
components of physical purity analysis, pure seed , inert matter, procedure of physical purity analysis, designated disease, objectionable weeds, other distinguishable varieties, thousand seed weight determination, Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards for physical purity, weed seed, other crop seed
Seed Viability Testing
1. The document provides information on seed viability testing procedures conducted in a laboratory, including objectives of seed testing, roles of seed testing laboratories, and methods for purity testing, germination testing, and moisture content determination.
2. Key steps outlined include mixing and dividing samples, analyzing sample purity through identification of pure seeds and contaminants, and conducting germination tests using various apparatus to identify normal and abnormal seedlings.
3. Procedures for determining seed moisture content using either air oven drying or moisture meters are also described.
Seed testing and sampling
it also contains content related to seed sampling. The various seed tests along with their explanation.
Seed Sampling Principles & Procedures.pdf
Seed sampling, seed lot, types of samples, principles and procedures of seed sampling, sampling intensity, types of sampling devices, types of seed divider
Concept of Seed Quality Testing.pdf
Seed testing, seed quality attributes, seed germination, seed vigour, genetic purity, physical purity, moisture content, seed helath, history of seed testing
Seed sampling
1) Seed sampling involves obtaining representative samples from a seed lot by taking small portions randomly from different positions and depths and combining them.
2) A seed lot number uniquely identifies the lot and includes information like month/year of production, location, and quantity.
3) Primary samples are small samples taken from one point in the lot. Composite samples are formed by combining and mixing primary samples.
4) Careful random sampling using techniques like triers and by hand is needed to obtain representative submitted samples for testing.
Day 3 - Module 3: Seed Quality Control - Session 2
This document provides information on seed quality control and certification procedures. It discusses the importance of seed testing, the roles of seed testing laboratories, and standard procedures for laboratory seed testing, including physical purity analysis, determination of other seeds, germination testing, and tetrazolium testing. The goal of seed testing is to predict seed performance, determine seed value, and minimize risks from low quality seeds. Laboratories help ensure seed quality but do not improve seeds themselves.
Grow out test
Genetic purity testing is important to ensure seeds conform to the characteristics of the intended variety. There are minimum genetic purity standards for different seed classes. Grow-out testing involves growing out the seed sample alongside a standard variety to observe morphological characteristics. For grow-out testing, the seed sample is sown in a controlled environment using recommended agronomic practices. Throughout growth, plants are examined and any off-types compared to the standard variety are recorded. The percentage of off-types is calculated to determine if the sample meets the genetic purity standards. Grow-out testing helps ensure farmers receive true-to-type seeds and seed producers maintain variety integrity.
SQA FINAL .pptx
This document discusses key factors that influence seed quality, including genetic, physical, and physiological traits. It outlines field and seed standards for different crops to ensure genetic and physical purity. Seed quality is achieved through adhering to isolation distances in the field and seed processing/conditioning procedures that test for genetic and physical purity, germination rates, seed health, and moisture content. The document also discusses methods for determining genetic purity and enhancing seeds through treatments, coatings, and pelleting to aid planting and deliver additional materials.
SQA FINAL .pptx
This document discusses key factors that influence seed quality, including genetic, physical, and physiological traits. It outlines field and seed standards for different crops to ensure genetic and physical purity. Seed quality is achieved through adhering to isolation distances in the field and seed processing/conditioning procedures that test for genetic and physical purity, germination rates, seed health, and moisture content. The document also discusses methods for determining genetic purity and enhancing seeds through treatments, coatings, and pelleting to aid planting and deliver additional materials.
Quality Seed Production in Pulses
1. PAJANCOA & RI in Karaikal produced a total of 27.01 quintals of breeder seed and 87.51 quintals of truthfully labeled seed of various rice varieties in 2015-16. 23.14 quintals of breeder seed and 36.85 quintals of truthfully labeled seed were supplied.
2. A total of 7 quintals of fodder seeds including maize, cowpea, blackgram and daincha were produced. All 7 quintals were supplied.
3. Remaining quantities of 3.87 quintals of breeder seed and 50.66 quintals of truthfully labeled rice seed were available in stock.
Seed Quality Course, Pakistan
Course on Seed Quality. Run at UAF as part of the AIP project in Pakistan, May 2016. Lead instructor: Joe Rickman
Maintenance breeding
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
2019 Feed and Grain Mycotoxin Workshop Presentation
Dr. Erin Bowers, Professor at Iowa State University and Pat Frasco Director of Sales Milling & Grain for Neogen presented mycotoxin testing best practices
seminar
This document discusses guidelines for conducting morphological tests to assess varietal purity and distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) for plant variety registration. It outlines procedures for grow-out tests, including sampling methodology, field layout, observation criteria, and data analysis. The key aspects covered are distinguishing variety characteristics, minimum sample sizes, isolation distances, generation systems, and national test guideline recommendations for important crops to standardize DUS testing.
Seed Health Testing
This document discusses various methods for seed health testing. It describes dry inspection, blotter, and agar plate methods. Dry inspection involves examining seeds visually and microscopically for signs of pathogens or damage. The blotter method involves plating seeds on moistened blotting paper to observe germination and pathogen growth. The agar plate method is similar but uses nutrient agar instead of blotting paper. Both methods allow observation of pathogen colonies and effects on seed germination and seedling health.
Seed testing-Vigour and Viability.pptx
The document discusses various tests used to assess seed viability and vigor, including warm germination tests, tetrazolium tests, growth tests, and stress tests. The warm germination test is the standard test to assess viability by germinating seeds in ideal conditions. Tetrazolium tests use chemicals to determine potential germination. Growth tests measure speed and size of seedling growth. Stress tests like cold tests and accelerated aging expose seeds to stressful conditions to evaluate vigor. Proper testing helps farmers make management decisions about seeding rates and avoiding weeds.
Cotton seed production in hybrids & varieties
For production of seeds for cultivation or developing new varieties or hybrids, certain standards should be followed to get good quality and pure seeds.
SEED SELECTION.pptx
This document discusses seed selection and testing for rice planting. It identifies important characteristics of high quality seeds such as purity, germination rate over 85%, and disease resistance. Sources of good seeds are provided, including organizations like PhilRice and seed growers. The document emphasizes performing germination tests to ensure at least 85% viability before planting and considering variety adaptability through local testing over multiple seasons.
Similar to Seed testing in pulses and oilseeds (20)
Day 3 - Module 3: Seed Quality Control - Session 2
Day 3 - Module 3: Seed Quality Control - Session 2
2019 Feed and Grain Mycotoxin Workshop Presentation
2019 Feed and Grain Mycotoxin Workshop Presentation
More from Abhishek Malpani
Form viii
This document is an acknowledgement form for an inspector taking seed samples from premises to be tested by a seed analyst. It records the date, location, details of samples taken, whether payment was made for the samples, and signatures of the inspector and party where samples were taken. The form is prepared in duplicate, with one copy given to the seller and the other kept by the inspector as an office record.
Form vi
The document is a notice from a Seed Inspector to a vendor informing them that a sample will be taken from their seed stocks for the purpose of testing or analysis. It provides the name and address of the vendor and is signed and dated by the Seed Inspector, including their area.
Form v
This memorandum from a seed inspector to a seed analyst includes details of a seed sample being sent for analysis. It provides the serial number of the sample, date of sampling, name and address of the person whose seed stock was sampled, kind and variety of seed, lot number, treatment and labeling information, and nature and quantity of any preservative added. A copy of the memorandum and impression of the seal used on the sample packet are also being sent separately to the analyst.
Form iv
The seed inspector seized seed stock(s) and/or record(s) from a vendor according to clauses (c) and (d) of Section 14 of the Seeds Act of 1966. Details of the seized seed stock(s) and record(s) are provided. The seized materials are kept under custody according to the order of the magistrate. Copies of the seizure order are sent to the seller, magistrate, director of agriculture, and one is kept by the inspector.
Form iii
The document is a stop sale order from a Seed Inspector to a vendor. It details a stock of seeds that contravenes provisions of the Seeds Act of 1966 and directs the vendor not to dispose of the stock for a specified number of days. It also lists actions that must be taken to remove defects in the stock and provides details of the stock in question. The order is to be prepared in triplicate with copies going to the vendor, Director of Agriculture, and Seed Inspector.
Bibliography
This document provides a bibliography of 8 references related to seeds, seed inspection, certification, testing, storage, and packaging. The references include manuals, acts, rules, and pamphlets published between 1959-1972 by organizations such as the Association of American Seed Control Officials, Central Seed Committee of India, Government of India, National Seed Corporation of India, International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, and United States Agency for International Development.
Apend 3 storage of sample
This document provides guidance on properly storing seed samples, which is important for seed testing and quality control. It recommends two methods for storing samples: 1) A dedicated storage room that maintains low humidity and temperature through insulation, moisture proofing, and refrigeration/dehumidification; or 2) Using desiccant silica gel in storage boxes to dry and maintain seed samples at a low moisture level without needing room dehumidification. Samples should be stored in uniform, numbered containers and protected from insects through fumigation or insecticide. Seed sellers are also responsible for storing representative samples of the seeds they sell for up to three years as part of quality records.
Apend 2 sampling seed for analysis
1. The document discusses sampling procedures for seed analysis, noting that obtaining a representative sample is crucial as the quality of results depends on the sample submitted.
2. Key terms are defined, including seed lot, primary sample, composite sample, submitted sample, and working sample. Maximum quantities for a seed lot vary based on seed size.
3. Detailed steps are provided for sampling, including drawing primary samples from different containers or locations, mixing them into a composite sample, and deriving the submitted and working samples. Ensuring homogeneity of the samples is important.
Apend 1 cpc1898
This document contains an extract from the Criminal Procedure Code of 1898 related to searching houses suspected of containing stolen property, forged documents, or obscene objects. It allows certain classes of magistrates, upon receiving information and conducting an inquiry, to authorize police officers to search such places. The police are empowered to seize any stolen, unlawful, forged, or obscene items found; take custody of any persons found complicit in related activities; and convey seized items or persons before a magistrate. Provisions regarding counterfeit coins also apply to illegal metal tokens and materials for making such tokens.
Anx 1
A seed inspector revoked a previous stop sale order issued to a vendor. The stop sale order was issued due to defects in seeds but those defects have now been removed or corrected. The seed inspector's revocation order references the original stop sale order number and date and informs the vendor that sale of the seeds can now resume.
Anex 2
The document is a revocation of seizure order from a Seed Inspector to an individual. It states that seeds and/or records seized under provisions of the Seeds Act of 1966 were determined to not contravene any provisions of that Act or related rules. Therefore, the Seed Inspector is revoking the earlier seizure order passed on the specified date. A copy of the revocation is to be distributed in the same manner as the original seizure order.
8
1. Building good public relations through education is essential for seed inspectors to effectively enforce seed laws. Considerable educational work is needed to obtain cooperation from seed sellers, buyers, and agricultural departments.
2. Inspectors must have qualifications beyond the minimum requirements and continually expand their knowledge of seeds and the industry. Attempting to impress the public without sufficient knowledge risks undermining enforcement efforts.
3. Inspectors should address minor labeling violations in an educational manner to help violators comply rather than treating them as criminal offenses, reserving stop orders for repeated negligence after informing of requirements.
7
The document outlines the steps an inspector should take to organize their work in enforcing seed laws. It discusses compiling a list of seed sellers in the area and continually revising it. It then describes a series of visits the inspector should make to each seed seller to educate them on the laws and check their compliance through labeling and sampling seeds. The objective and key points are provided for the initial visit and potential follow up visits. It also covers investigating any complaints from farmers about purchased seeds. The overall goal is to gain cooperation from seed sellers through an educational approach before enforcing penalties.
6
The document outlines inspection procedures for seed inspectors to follow, including:
1. Verifying label information such as kind, variety, lot number, germination rate, and ensuring labels meet legal requirements.
2. Checking certification tags for certified seed lots to ensure required information is included and tags appear genuine.
3. Identifying potential labeling violations, issuing stop sale orders for rectifiable issues, and recommending prosecution for non-rectifiable or persistent violations.
4. Maintaining thorough records of all inspections and actions taken.
4
The document discusses the importance of high quality seed for agriculture and the need for legislation to regulate seed quality in India. It outlines the following key points:
1) The Seeds Act of 1966 was passed by the Indian Parliament to regulate seed quality and protect honest seed dealers. It aims to ensure farmers have access to good quality seed.
2) The Act requires compulsory labeling of notified seed varieties and allows for voluntary certification. Certified seed must be labeled but not all labeled seed needs certification.
3) Inspectors, analysts and laboratories were established to enforce the Act through monitoring, testing and ensuring proper labeling. Effective enforcement largely depends on inspectors educating seed dealers and farmers on the regulatory aims of
3
This document defines key terms used in the Seeds Act of 1966 and Seed Rules of 1968 in India, including Act, Analyst, Inspector, Laboratory, Notified kind or variety, and Rules. The Act refers to the Seeds Act of 1966. An Analyst is appointed under Section 12 of the Act to analyze seeds. An Inspector is appointed under Section 13 to inspect seeds. A Laboratory is a State Seed Laboratory notified under the Act. Notified kind or variety refers to those kinds or varieties notified under Section 5. Rules refers to the Seed Rules of 1968.
2
The document provides a summary of key sections of the Seed Act of 1966 and Seed Rules of 1968 related to seed quality control, certification, and enforcement in India. It outlines sections related to the central seed committee, seed testing laboratories, seed analyst, seed inspector, certification agencies, labeling requirements, penalties, and exemptions. The summary helps provide an overview of the various parts and forms within the Seed Act and Rules that govern minimum standards, certification, enforcement, and administration of seed quality in India.
1a
This document is the foreword to a handbook for seed inspectors. It notes that seed inspectors play an important role in ensuring seeds meet quality standards to increase agricultural production. However, many inspectors are unaware of their responsibilities and duties. The handbook aims to provide guidance to inspectors so they properly draw and analyze seed samples, building confidence among seed traders and farmers. The foreword acknowledges those involved in creating the handbook to help inspectors perform their important functions.
Seedling eva. revised
The document provides information on seed germination testing methods for different plant species. It describes the standard testing process, which involves imbibing seeds with water and monitoring their development under controlled temperature and environmental conditions. Key metrics like the number of days until the first and final counts are specified for various species, including Glycine max and Zea mays. Normal and abnormal seedling criteria are defined, focusing on root and shoot structure. The goal is to determine maximum germination potential and compare quality between seed lots in a repeatable manner.
Seeds bill 2019 nsrtc lect 10.2.2020
The proposed Seeds Act of 2019 aims to repeal the Seeds Act of 1966 and establish a Central Seed Committee to regulate seed production, certification, and sales in India. Some key points:
- It will maintain a National Register of seed varieties and require registration of all commercial seed varieties except those produced and saved by farmers for their own use.
- A Central Seed Committee will be formed with representatives from the central and state governments as well as seed industry and farmers to advise on seed policy and regulation.
- State governments will also form State Seed Committees to register state varieties and enforce regulations.
- Seed producers, processors, dealers and nurseries must register with relevant authorities.
- Se
More from Abhishek Malpani (20)
Recently uploaded
Food smoking- processing & preservation.pptx
Smoking as a preservation and processing method for food, Food preservation, food processing, smoking, meat and meat products, methods of food smoking, application, cold smoking, hot smoking, warm smoking, liquid smoking, food industry and business, offset smokers, upright drum smokers, Vertical water smokers, Propane smokers, Electrical smokers and related health concerns.
Science Text Book characteristics and library
This ppt contains qualities of a good Science Text Book, need for text book, importance of text book, criteria of a science text book, text book analysis, content analysis, Hunter's score card, library, utilization of library.
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-b...
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-based products is cacao beans, which are produced by the cacao tree in pods. The Maya and Aztecs, two of the earliest Mesoamerican civilizations, valued cacao as a sacred plant and used it in religious rituals, social gatherings, and medical treatments. It has a long and rich cultural history.
Discover the Magic 7 Fruits for Weight Loss You Need to Know About!.pdf
Fruits, a.k.a, nature’s candy are beneficial for tons of reasons. They’re filled with vitamins and nutrients that are not just healthy but delicious too. And, some have officially been identified as fruits for weight loss, which makes them ideal for any and every kind of diet you are currently experimenting with.
Also read: https://rapidleaks.com/lifestyle/food-drink/fruits-weight-loss/
一比一原版美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学毕业证（penstate学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国俄克拉荷马大学毕业证（ou学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(Bristol毕业证)布里斯托大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【布里斯托大学毕业证Bristol学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理布里斯托大学毕业证硕士学位证成绩单Bristol学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理布里斯托大学毕业证Bristol学位证硕士学位证成绩单【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理布里斯托大学毕业证硕士学位证成绩单Bristol学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理布里斯托大学毕业证硕士学位证成绩单Bristol学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
What is a typical meal for a person on a Mediterranean diet?
Curious about what a typical Mediterranean diet dinner entails? Dive into our collection of delectable Mediterranean diet recipes for dinner that are both nutritious and satisfying. From savory grilled chicken with Greek-inspired flavors to vibrant vegetable pasta dishes, we've curated a menu that captures the essence of Mediterranean cooking. Explore the world of Mediterranean flavors and elevate your dinner table with our inspired recipes that celebrate health and taste in every bite
A Review on Recent Advances of Packaging in Food Industry
Effective food packaging provides number of purposes. It functions as a container to hold and transport the food product, as well as a barrier to protect the food from outside contamination such as water, light, odours, bacteria, dust, and mechanical damage by maintaining the food quality. The package may also include barriers to keep the product's moisture content or gas composition consistent. Furthermore, convenience is vital role in packaging, and the desire for quick opening, dispensing, and resealing packages that maintain product quality until fully consumed is increasing. To facilitate trading, encourage sales, and inform on content and nutritional attributes, the packaging must be communicative. For storage of food there is huge scope for modified atmosphere packaging, intelligent packaging, active packaging, and controlled atmosphere packaging. Active packaging has a variety of uses, including carbon dioxide absorbers and emitters, oxygen scavengers, antimicrobials, and moisture control agents. Smart packaging is another term for intelligent packaging. Edible packaging, self-cooling and self-heating packaging, micro packaging, and water-soluble packaging are some of the advancements in package material.
Agriculture Market : Global Trends and Forecast Analysis (2023-2032)
The global agriculture market is anticipated to grow at a substantial CAGR of 9.60% in the upcoming years. The global agriculture industry was estimated to be worth USD 13.5 billion in 2022 and was expected to be worth USD 25.6 billion by 2030.
一比一原版美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国俄克拉荷马城市大学毕业证（ocu学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
按照学校原版(KCL文凭证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证快速办理
学校原版办理【(KCL毕业证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证】【176555708微信号】电子版成绩单成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Exploring_Karnali_Region_of_Nepal_(Food, Culture and People).pptx
Largest province in Nepal, Mountain landscape with 47% of an area located above 4000 masl, Characterized by its unique cultural heritage, diverse geography, and traditional farming practices
Traditional Agriculture: Subsistence farming on terraced fields (rice, wheat, millet, bean, potato and barley)
Fruits: Apple, walnut, orange, etc.
Livestock Rearing: Transhumance system of animal husbandry (goats, sheep, and cattle)
Dietary Staples: Rice, lentils, vegetables, and dairy products
Food Preparation: Often prepared using locally grown ingredients with traditional cooking methods
Religious Practices: Hinduism and Buddhism
Social Customs: Strong community bonds, traditional attire and customs are upheld during festivals
Environmental Connection: Respect for nature and reverence for sacred sites
Historical Context: Farming techniques shaped by the region's rugged terrain, climate, and historical interactions
Cultural Influence: Food preferences, agricultural rituals, and farming practices have been influenced by a blend of indigenous traditions, Hindu and Buddhist beliefs, and trade routes
Enhancing Agricultural Practices: Introducing modern farming techniques without compromising traditional values
Access to Education and Resources: Investing in education and providing access to agricultural inputs
Promoting Sustainable Tourism: Leveraging the region's cultural richness and natural beauty
Intersection of culture, agriculture, and tradition
Embracing sustainable development practices and honoring cultural heritage
Enhance the lives of its people while safeguarding their unique way of life
FOOD PSYCHOLOGY CHARLA EN INGLES SOBRE PSICOLOGIA NUTRICIONAL
Our decisions about what to put on our plate are far more intricate than simply following hunger cues. Food psychology delves into the fascinating world of why we choose the foods we do, revealing a complex interplay of emotions, stress, and even disorders.
Top 12 Best Restaurants in Panchkula city
Panchkula offers a wide array of dining experiences. From traditional North Indian flavors to global cuisine, the city’s restaurants cater to every taste bud. Let’s dive into some of the best restaurants in Panchkula
Recently uploaded (16)
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-b...
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-b...
Discover the Magic 7 Fruits for Weight Loss You Need to Know About!.pdf
Discover the Magic 7 Fruits for Weight Loss You Need to Know About!.pdf
Coffee Presentation Coffee in the CordillerasPDF.pdf
Coffee Presentation Coffee in the CordillerasPDF.pdf
What is a typical meal for a person on a Mediterranean diet?
What is a typical meal for a person on a Mediterranean diet?
A Review on Recent Advances of Packaging in Food Industry
A Review on Recent Advances of Packaging in Food Industry
Agriculture Market : Global Trends and Forecast Analysis (2023-2032)
Agriculture Market : Global Trends and Forecast Analysis (2023-2032)
Exploring_Karnali_Region_of_Nepal_(Food, Culture and People).pptx
Exploring_Karnali_Region_of_Nepal_(Food, Culture and People).pptx
FOOD PSYCHOLOGY CHARLA EN INGLES SOBRE PSICOLOGIA NUTRICIONAL
FOOD PSYCHOLOGY CHARLA EN INGLES SOBRE PSICOLOGIA NUTRICIONAL
Seed testing in pulses and oilseeds
- 1. Seed testing in Pulses and Oilseeds
- 2. Importance Testing of seeds evaluates the planting value and the authenticity of the certified seed lot. Seed testing has been developed to aid agriculture to avoid some of the hazards of crop production by furnishing the needed information about different quality attributes viz., purity, moisture, germination, vigour and health.
- 3. Seed sampling Sampling intensity Methods Types Primary sample Each probe or handful of sample taken either in bag or in bulk Composite sample All the primary samples drawn are combined together in suitable container Submitted sample When the composite sample is properly reduced to the required size that to be submitted to the seed-testing lab Working sample It is the reduced sample of the required weight obtained from the submitted sample on which the quality tests are conducted in seed testing lab.
- 4. Mixing and dividing Methods Mechanical dividing Random cups method Modified halving method Spoon method Hand halving method
- 5. Physical purity analysis Components Equipments used Seed standards for physical purity S. No Crop Class F.S C.S 1 Ragi 97.0 97.0 2 Groundnut 96.0 96.0 3 Sesame 97.0 97.0 4 Jute 97.0 97.0 5 Bhendi 99.0 99.0 Others 98.0 98.0
- 6. Germination test OBJECTIVE To know the planting value of the seed lot. GERMINATION It is defined as the emergence and development from the seed embryo, of those essential structures, for the kind of seed in question, indicates its ability to produce a normal plant under favourable conditions. PRINCIPLES Done on pure seed fraction 4 x 100 seeds or 8 x 50 seeds or 16 x 25 seeds Under favourable conditions Materials required Methods Apparatus Types of seed germination
- 7. Crop Substratum Temp. (o C) First count days Final Count days Pre-treatment Pulses Redgram BP,S 30 4 6 - Blackgram BP,S 20-30 4 7 - Greengram BP,S 20-30 5 8 - Bengalgram BP, S 20-30 5 8 - Cowpea BP,S 20 5 8 - Peas BP, S 20 5 8 - Castor BP,S 20-30 7 14 - Groundnut BP,S 20-30 5 10 Remove shells Sunflower BP,S 20-30 4 10 Ethrel (25 ppm) 48 hrs. Sesame TP 20-30 3 6 - Germination requirements for different crops
- 8. SEEDLING EVALUATION Categories of seedlings Normal seedlings Abnormal seedlings Hard seeds Fresh ungerminated seeds Dead seeds
- 12. Sl. No. Crop FS CS 1 Blackgram 75 75 2 Bengal gram 85 85 3 Green gram 75 75 4 Horse gram 80 80 5 Peas 75 75 6 Pigeon pea 75 75 7 Castor 70 70 13 Groundnut 70 70 14 Seasame 80 80 15 Soybean 70 70 16 Sunflower 70 70 SEEDS STANDARDS FOR GERMINATION