This document provides an overview of security analysis and capital markets. It discusses key concepts like stock exchanges, new issue markets, equity, debentures, and the roles of SEBI and different types of investors. The document outlines the aims of security analysis as providing regular income, capital appreciation, safety of capital, liquidity, and a hedge against inflation. It also mentions the main approaches to security analysis are fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and the fair game model.

1. SECURITY ANALYSIS
Presented by
Simran Kaur
MBA 2nd year
IGICM

2. CONTENTS
• Capital Market
• Market of Securities
• Stock exchange & New issue market
• Trading of securities
• Equity
• Debentures
• SEBI
• Investment and Investors
• Aims and Approaches of security analysis

3. Capital Market
• Also known as “Securities market”
• Market for long term funds
• Supported by forum for equity and debt transactions
• Comprises of:
1. Stock/security exchanges/markets(secondary markets)
2. New issue/primary markets(initial public offering markets)

4. Market of Securities
• Market where securities can be bought and sold on the basis of
demand and supply
• Advantage to both investors and issuers
• Securities available for first time – primary securities market
• Existing securities transferred between parties – secondary market

5. Stock exchange & New issue markets
• New issue market deals in new securities while stock exchange is a
market for old securities.
• New issue market supplies funds to corporate enterprise directly
whereas Stock exchange play indirect role in industrial financing
by providing liquidity to investments already made
• Stock exchange has physical existence whereas new issue market
doesn’t have any organizational setup.

6. Stock exchange & New issue market(contd.)
• Functions of stock exchange
1. Nexus between savings and investments
2. Market place
3. Continuous price formation
• Functions of New issue market
1. Origination
2. Underwriting
3. Distribution

7. Trading of Securities
• Class of asset used by company to create profits by buying and
selling
• Very liquid and easily valued
• Marked to market
• Borrowing money to execute securities transaction is referred to
as using margin

8. Equity
• Concept
“long-term finance, representing ownership capital/securities to its
owners(equity holders/ordinary shareholders) share reward and risk
associated with ownership of corporate enterprises”
• Types
1. Authorized share capital
2. Subscribed Share capital

9. Equity(contd.)
• Features
1. Residual claim to income
2. Residual claim on assets
3. Right to control
• Merits
1. Permanent source of funds
2. Doesn’t involve obligatory dividend payment
3. Basis of long-term financing

10. Equity(contd.)
• Demerits
1. Higher cost of funds
2. High floatation cost
3. Dilution of control of existing shareholders

11. Debentures
• Definition
“debt instrument indicating company has borrowed certain sum of
money and promises to repay it in future”
• Attributes
1. Interest
2. Trust indenture
3. Maturity
4. Security

12. Debentures(contd.)
5. Debenture redemption reserve
6. Call price
7. Call premium
• Advantages
1. Lower cost
2. No dilution of control
• Disadvantages
1. Restrictive covenants in trust deed

13. Debentures(contd.)
2. Increased financial risk
3. High cost of quality
4. Legally enforceable contractual obligations

14. SEBI
• Introduction
1. Securities Exchange Board of India
2. Set up in 1988
3. Legal status in 1992
4. Orderly and healthy development in stock market
• Objectives
1. Regulate activities of stock exchange

15. SEBI(contd.)
2. Protect rights of investors
3. Prevent fraudulent and malpractices
4. Develop code of conduct for intermediaries
• Functions
1. Protective functions
 Checks price rigging
 Prohibits insider trading

16. SEBI(contd.)
 Prohibits Unfair trade practices
 Educate investors
 Code of conduct in security market
2. Developmental functions
 Training of intermediaries
 Promote activities of stock exchange
3. Regulatory functions
 Working of mutual funds

17. SEBI(contd.)
 Conduct inquiries and audit of stock exchange
 Takeover of companies
 Rules for intermediaries
• Role of SEBI in mutual funds
1. SEBI notified regulations for mutual funds in 1993
2. All mutual funds governed by SEBI
• Role of SEBI in IPO
1. Company going public should have permission from SEBI

18. SEBI(contd.)
2. SEBI validate IPO by making sure document has enough
information
• Protection guidelines by SEBI
1. Eligibility norms for companies issuing security
2. Pricing by companies issuing securities
3. Pre issue obligations
4. Contents of offer document

19. Investment and Investors
• Definition
“Making of a sacrifice in the present with the hope of deriving
future benefits”
• Nature of Investment decisions
1. Assumed that investors are rational and prefer uncertainty
2. Assumed that investors are risk takers
• Investment process
1. Work out objective and then evolve policy

20. Investment and Investors(contd.)
2. Identification of categories of financial assets
3. Security analysis
4. Portfolio construction
5. Speculation
• Types of Investors
1. Angel investors
2. Peer-to-peer lending

21. Investment and Investors(contd.)
3. Bank
4. Venture capitalist
5. Personal investors
• Investor protection
1. Assure investors not being defrauded
2. Investors informed about their purchase
3. Measured by indicators such as reorganization laws, SEBI
guidelines

22. Aims & approaches of Security analysis
• Aims
1.Regular income
2. Capital appreciation
3. Safety of capital
4. Liquidity
5. Hedge against inflation
• Approaches
1. Fundamental analysis

23. Aims & Approaches of Security
analysis(contd.)
2. Technical analysis
3. Fair game model

24. THANK YOU!!!