The document discusses various aspects of capital markets in India including primary and secondary markets, types of securities like ordinary shares, preference shares, debentures, and methods of raising capital. It explains that capital markets involve issuing stocks and bonds for medium to long term purposes. The primary market supplies new capital to companies while existing securities are traded on the secondary market. SEBI regulates the 23 stock exchanges currently operating in India and has responsibilities like registering intermediaries, prohibiting fraud, and promoting investor education. Capital markets help in mobilizing savings, economic growth, and providing investment opportunities.