The document summarizes potential discoveries at the LHC beyond the Standard Model. It discusses:
1) Searches for new constituents like excited neutrinos that may appear as single particles produced via Z, W, or gamma decays.
2) Searches for new quark singlets with charges of -1/3 that could be discovered if pair produced and decaying to bosons and jets.
3) Searches for new up-type quark doublets that could be discovered if pair produced and decaying to W bosons and jets. The document outlines possible mass ranges and luminosities needed for discovery.
4) It notes how new quark discoveries could enhance the search for the Higgs boson
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
Searches with LHC
1. Searches with LHC
Gökhan Ünel
U.C.Irvine
ATLAS and CMS:
general purpose
LHC 27 km ring
previously used for LEP e+e-
UPHDYO VI
ALICE:
2/09-7/09 2010
Heavy Ions
LHCb:
B-physics, CP-violation
2. SM ingredients
2
‣Fermions as matter particles
• Quarks & Leptons
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons
‣SM can not be the final theory:
• Hierarchy problem: δH ~ MH
• EW and Strong forces not unified
‣3+1 space-time • Arbitrary fermion masses & mixings
• Arbitrary number of families
• Unknown source of baryogenesis
4. Gearing up
4
‣LHC started running at √s=7 TeV
starts in 30 March 2010
• mid November heavy ion run
will start, followed by yearly
shutdown
• aims to reach 1000 pb-1 at 2011
• currently ~3.6 pb-1 delivered,
ATLAS recorded ~96% of it
‣We are understanding the detector,
and repeating the some of the earlier
particle physics work
‣From 2013, LHC is to work at
√s=14 (13?) GeV, with 100fb-1/year
for a total of 300 fb-1
5. First results
5
Minimum-bias events:
momentum spectra & particle multiplicities
Measured over a well-defined kinematic region:
≥ 2 charged particle with pT > 100 MeV, |η| <2.5
No subtraction for single/double diffractive components Experimental error: < 3%
Distributions corrected back to hadron level
High-precision minimally model-dependent measurements
Provide strong constraints on MC models
6. looking for ‘old friends’
6
L2 trigger
η(e+) = ‐0.42
PT(e+) = 34 GeV
ron
lect ate
E id
can
d
idates
T
E
and
on c
ing
Mu
ss
Mi
ET,Miss=26 GeV
W-> eν Z-> μμ
7. 7
dimuon distributions -1
J/ψ is one of the first “candles” for detector
commissioning and early physics (B-physics, QCD).
Provides large samples of low-pT muons to study μ
trigger and identification efficiency, resolution and
absolute momentum scale in the few GeV range
From J/ψ mass peak and resolution reconstructed in the Inner Detector:
-> absolute momentum scale known to ~ 0.2%
-> momentum resolution to ~2 % in the few GeV region
8. 8
dimuon distributions -2
Simple analysis:
LVL1 muon trigger with
pT ~ 6 GeV threshold
2 opposite-sign muons
reconstructed by combining
tracker and muon spectrometer
both muons with |z|<1 cm
from primary vertex
Looser selection: includes also muons made of Inner Detector
tracks + Muon Spectrometer segments
Distances between resonances fixed to PDG values;
Y(2S), Y(3S) resolutions fixed to Y(1S) resolution
9. 9
dimuon distributions -3
PDG on Z:
Z -> μμ
Peak (GeV) 90.3 ± 0.8
Width (ΓZ unfolded)(GeV) 4.2 ± 0.8
work needed on alignment of ID and forward muon
chambers, and on calorimeter inter-calibration, to
achieve expected resolution 79 events
10. 10
Z cross-section measurement
125 events:
46 Z -> ee
79 Z -> μμ
σ (Z ll) = 0.83 ± 0.07 (stat) ± 0.06 (syst) ± 0.09 (lumi) nb
Dominant experimental uncertainty:
σ (Z ee) = 0.72 ± 0.11 (stat) ± 0.10 (syst) ± 0.08 (lumi) nb lepton reconstruction and
σ (Z μμ) = 0.89 ± 0.10 (stat) ± 0.07 (syst) ± 0.10 (lumi) nb identification
12. ATLAS Experiment overview 12
Hunt for the SM Higgs
• SM contains massless chiral fermions, H → γγ
• SSB via Higgs mechanism to induce mass
• Higgs boson is not yet observed experimentally H → ZZ → 4l
e/μ
➡ Its mass is not known
H e/μ
e/μ
• Discovering Higgs is a major task Z e/μ
➡ above 5σ significance needed
qqH → qqττ
τ τ
H
τ
τ
30fb-1
discovery in 1st year
mH > 114.4 GeV for any H mass
13. SM to BSM
13
Fourth ‣Fermions as matter particles
Family • Quarks & Leptons
new quarks new leptons lepto-quarks
new
constituents
composite
models
GUTs
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
Super Symmetry
Gauge G new
gauge
bosons
Little
Higgs ‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons Dynamical
Symmetry
new scalars new EWSB Breaking disclaimer:
2HDMs
Technicolor For the rest
‣3+1 space-time of the talk, a
search based
new
dimensions RS Model ADD approach will
Models be followed.
14. SM to BSM
14
Fourth ‣Fermions as matter particles
Family • Quarks & Leptons
new quarks new leptons lepto-quarks
new
constituents
composite
models
GUTs
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
Super Symmetry
Gauge G new
gauge
bosons
Little
Higgs ‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons Dynamical
Symmetry
new scalars new EWSB Breaking
2HDMs
Technicolor
‣3+1 space-time
new
dimensions RS Model ADD
Models
15. New constituents excited νs*
SN 15
-AT
LA
S-2
00
4-0
47
predicted by: composite (preonic) models
produced as: single (νν ∗ /ν ∗ e) via Z,W, γ q
Z
q ν∗
Z ν∗ q q
γ γν
∗
decay via: boson + lepton:νγ, νZ, eW q
¯ q
¯ ν
¯ ν
¯ q
¯ q
¯ ν
¯
q W+ ν ∗
•Fast MC based study ¯
q e
¯
•scan neutrino mass: [500,..,2500]
•consider 2 coupling possibilities: 9
•with and w/o νγ decay (same disc. limit) with 300fb-1 data
10 5 8
9 TeV @ 300GeV
10 4 7 2.5 TeV @ 2 TeV
10 3 6
10 2 5
10 4
1
3
-1 eW (W→jj e/μ ν) AND
10
2 eZ (Z→jj μμ) considered
-2
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
*other excited fermions (e*,q*) also studied in earlier works but not reported here.
16. New quarks q=-1/3 singlets
16
predicted by: E6 GUT
produced as: pairs from gluon (quark) fusion
decay via: boson + light jet •Fast MC based study
•scan new quark mass
#D quarks/20GeV/year
16
14
Signal @ 600GeV
SM background
SM + Signal @ 600GeV
•pair production is mixing independent
12
10
¯
DD → ZjZj → 4 2j
Significance (!)
8
6
4
2
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
MZ,jet (GeV)
Eur.Phys.J.C49:613-622,2007
1
35 35 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Events/100 fb /20 GeV
600 GeV PTjet>80 GeV
30 30 mD (GeV)
-1
PTlep>20 GeV
Luminosity (fb )
-1
25 25 PTmis>30 GeV
20 20
10 2
15 15
10
10 10
5 5
1 discovery in 1st year if D
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
-1
mass<500 GeV
Mass (Z(ll) jet), GeV Mass (W(l!) jet), GeV 10
500 600 700 800 900 1000
Eur.Phys.J.C54:507-516,2008 mD (GeV)
17. New quarks q=2/3 singlets
SN 17
-AT
LA
S-2
00
4-0
38
predicted by: Little Higgs
produced as: single from W exchange
decay via: boson + (t or b) jet
•Fast MC based study
qb → q T → q W b (ht, Zt)
•function of T quark mass and t-T mixing
•all 3 decay channels studied.
4
Zt → νjb 400
W b → νjb
Events/40 GeV/300fb -1
Events/40 GeV/300 fb -1
3.5 ATLAS 350 ATLAS
300
T is observable with 300 fb-1:
3
2.5 250
•up to ~2.5 TeV via Wb,
2 200 •up to ~1.4 TeV via Zt.
1.5 150 at maximum t-T mixing
1 100
0.5 50
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Invariant Mass (GeV) Invariant Mass (GeV)
18. New quarks doublets
18
predicted by: DMM
produced as: pairs from gluon (quark) fusion
decay via: W + jet (no FCNC) ¯
pp → u4 u4 ¯
or d4 d4
•Fast MC based study
•scan new quark mass Invariant Mass for q4
•results for 100 fb-1 shown
#q candidates / 25GeV / 1fb -1
signal+BG
+
u4 → W b signal
VWjj (V=Z,W)
Events / 20 GeV
WWbb
20000 total background 2
10 WWbbj
-
pp ! t t
pp ! W + jets
15000 -
pp ! u4 u4
4
10000
10
5000
0
200 400 600
mj j b(GeV)
•61σ signal from 320 GeV u4 300 400 500 600 700
q4
800
•13σ signal from 640 GeV u4 Eur.Phys.J.C57:621-626,2008
mWj (GeV)
19. New quarks & the Higgs hunt
19
100
BR
Higgs Enhancement from new quarks 90
Phys.Lett.B669:39-45,2008
! (pb)
80
SM quarks only
102 mq = 250 GeV 70
4
mq = 1000 GeV 60
4
10 50
40
1 30
20
10-1
10
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
g v4 m h (GeV) 0
h 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
q MD(GeV)
g v4
¯
compatibility w/ EW data Majorana ν4s
mν4=100, 900 GeV
me4=250 GeV
http://projects.hepforge.org/opucem/ SM3 with
mt=170.9 GeV
mu4=360 GeV
md4=260 GeV
mh=115 GeV
mh=115 GeV
20. New Charged Leptons
AT 20
LAS
-PH
YS
heavy lepton pair production by gluon fusion included as a new external process [23]. The
detector response was simulated with the parametrized Monte Carlo program ATLFAST -20
[24], with default values of the parameters. 03
The note is organized as follows. In the next section the signal and the background -01
predicted by: Fourth family, E6 GUT, technicolor..
are described and relevant conditions to reduce the background contribution are pointed
out. In section 3 the event selection is analyzed and the discovery potential is derived as
4
a function of ML and MZ in section 4. The gluon-gluon fusion cross section formula and
produced as: pairs from gluon (quark) fusion
its scale dependence is included in Appendices A and B, respectively.
+
+ + (e ,µ+ )
decay via: boson + lepton
q (e , µ )
jet
jet g
0
0 Z
0
jet Z , Z’ + Z
0
jet
! , Z , Z’ L
+ L
q
•Fast MC based study L
-
Z
0 jet
L-
Z
0
jet
•function of L, Z’ mass jet
g jet
- -
q (e , µ )
-
(e ,µ-)
Figure 1: Charged heavy lepton pair pro- Figure 2: Charged heavy lepton pair pro-
duction by Drell-Yan mechanism. The com- duction by gluon-gluon fusion mechanism.
plete γ ∗ /Z 0 /Z interference was studied.
2. Signal and background description
2.1 The signal
The Drell-Yan processes studied include q q anihilation into (γ ∗ /Z 0 /Z ) and their further
¯
decay into a pair of charged heavy leptons. For the gluon fusion process [20], Z and Z
bosons decay into a pair of heavy charged leptons. Subsequently, the neutral current decay
of each heavy charged lepton into an electron and two jets coming from the Z boson decay
was considered: @ 100 fb -1
¯
qq → γ, Z 0 , Z
800 GeV reach
→ L+ L− → (e, µ)+ Z 0 (e, µ)− Z 0 → (e, µ)+ (e, µ)− + 4 jets (2.1)
+ − − −
0
→ L L → (e, µ) Z (e, µ) Z → (e, µ) (e, µ) + 4 jets (2.2)
+ 0 0 +
Higher Z’ mass
gg → Z , Z
increases the L mass
For simplicity, it was assumed here that the heavy lepton decays to one family of
leptons (either e or µ) with a short lifetime. Limits on the mixing of a heavy lepton with
a SM lepton are given in [25]. reach: Z’=2TeV,
L=1TeV accessible
21. New Neutral Leptons
JH 21
EP
081
0:0
74
,20
08
.
predicted by: Fourth family,
E6 GUT, technicolor..
q v4 g v4
Z h
q
q
¯ v4
¯ g v4
¯
produced as: pairs from ν4 pair production cross section
gluon (quark) fusion
Z+h (mh = 500GeV)
decay via: boson + lepton
Z+h (mh = 300 GeV)
Z only
Define 3 benchmark points
s1 s2 s3
➡ at least 3 signal events required v4 100 100 160
➡ early double discovery possible h - 300 500
22. Lepto-quarks
SN 22
-AT
LA
S-2
00
5-0
51
predicted by: GUTs & composite models
produced as: pairs + single from g-g (q) fusion
decay via: e(type1) or ν(type2) + light jet
•Fast MC based study for Scalar & Vector LQs
•Coupling κ, λ=e (for V)
•LQ-mass scanned
@ 100 fb-1
1.2 TeV reach for S LQs
1.5 TeV reach for V LQs
23. SM to BSM
23
Fourth ‣Fermions as matter particles
Family • Quarks & Leptons
new quarks new leptons lepto-quarks
new
constituents
composite
models
GUTs
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
Super Symmetry
Gauge G new
gauge
bosons
Little
Higgs ‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons Dynamical
Symmetry
new scalars new EWSB Breaking
2HDMs
Technicolor
‣3+1 space-time
new
dimensions RS Model ADD
Models
24. New bosons Z′
AT 24
LAS
-PH
YS
-PU
B-2
00
predicted by: SO(10), E6.. GUTs, Little Higgs, EDs 6-0
24
produced as: from q-q annihilation
decay via: fermion pairs
•Full MC based study
•1.5 & 4 TeV considered
•CDDT parametrization shown
•g is global coupling strength
B-xL 10+x5
•x is fermion coupling
•M is Z’ mass
results with 100 fb-1 of data shown
by G.Veramendi at Pheno 2005
d-xu q+xu
25. New bosons Z
SN 25
-AT
n LA
S-2
00
7-0
65
predicted by: RS, ADD models
produced as: from q-q annihilation pp → γ n /Z n → + −
decay via: lepton pairs
•FULL simulation based study 8
•3 Parameter sets to reproduce the 7 Set A
fermion masses & mixings (A, B, C) Set B
6
•only electrons were reconstructed 5
Set C
4
Set A
4
10
Set A 10
3
2 Set B
102 3
10 10
Set C 1
10-1
DY 10-2 2
Excluded
-3
10
10
-4
10 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Set B
1
104
3
10
1 102
0
102 103
10
1 1 10
-1
10
10-2
-1
10 10
-3
10-4
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Set C
Discovery reach is about 6 TeV depending
104
10-2 10
3
102
10
on the model for 100fb-1 data.
1
10-1
-3
10 10 -2
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10
-3
10-4
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
26. New bosons W`/ W
AT 26
LAS
-PH
H YS
-PU
B-2
00
predicted by: SO(10), E6.. GUTs, Little Higgs, EDs 6-0
03
produced as: s channel from q-q’ annihilation
¯
decay via: top-b q q → W → tb → νbb
•Fast MC based study
•W-WH coupling via cotθ
•WH mass 1 & 2 TeV considered
Discovery plane for 300fb-1 data
cot ! 2
WH " t b
S/ B > 5
S > 10
1.5
compare to WH →eν
from SN-ATLAS-2004-038
1
0.5
Discovery reach is
6.5 TeV depending on
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 the W-WH mixing.
mWH (TeV)
27. SM to BSM
27
Fourth ‣Fermions as matter particles
Family • Quarks & Leptons
new quarks new leptons lepto-quarks
new
constituents
composite
models
GUTs
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
Super Symmetry
Gauge G new
gauge
bosons
Little
Higgs ‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons Dynamical
Symmetry
new scalars new EWSB Breaking
2HDMs
Technicolor
‣3+1 space-time
new
dimensions RS Model ADD
Models
28. New Scalars q=±2
lead to complex event topologies.
SN 28
-AT
In the present work, we consider the production and decay modes discussed above. The
LA
results will be presented as limits in terms of the couplings vL or vR , taking fixed reference
S-2
values for the Yukawa couplings of the doubly charged Higgs bosons to the leptons. It will
00
then be a simple matter to re-interpret the results for different values of these Yukawa 5-0
couplings. We will assume a truly symmetric Left-Right model, with equal gauge couplings 49
gL = gR = e/ sin(θW ) = 0.64. Since the mass of the WR is essentially proportional to vR ,
predicted by: Little Higgs, LRSM as mentioned in the introduction, it will not be an independent parameter.
We note that the existence of the Higgs triplet can also be detected in the decay
channel ∆+ → W Z. This will not be studied here, as the signal is very similar to narrow
produced as: pair via q-q annihilation & single via W fusion
technicolor resonances which have been analyzed elsewhere [21].
the case of leptonic decays of the doubly-charged Higgs bosons
decay via: lepton pairs golden channel and the background will be negligible (as for th
4 ). W+, ! + + +
•Fast MC based study "
Fig. 8 shows the contours of discovery, defined as observat
•W+R & Δ++ mass scanned for min 10evts leptons are detected or +if! any 3 of the leptons are observed.
++
W, +
mass reach for m(∆R ) increases at first, as the s-channel diag
•e,μ & τ channels separately studied mass shell becomes the dominant contribution. However, for ve
•results for 100(a) & 300(b) fb-1 shown contribution of this diagram is kinematically suppressed. Bein
involving the WR , this channel is not sensitive to the mass of
++
Figure 1: Feynman diagrams for single production of ∆
pair production reach 1.1 TeV
single production reach ~1.8TeV depending on mW+ depending on mZR with 3 and 4 leptons
4500 a b
3 Simulation of the signal and backgrounds
4000
The processes of single and double production of doubly charged Higgs are implemented
3500
in the PYTHIA generator [22]. Events were generated using the CTEQ5L parton distrib-
ution functions, taking account of initial and final state 3000
interactions as well as hadroniza-
M ZR (GeV)
tion. The following processes were studied here: 2500
• qq → qqWR,L WR,L → qq∆++ → qq e+ e+ /µ+ µ+
+ +
R,L 2000
• qq → qqWR,L WR,L → qq∆++ → qq τ + τ + with one1500
+ +
R,L or both τ ’s decaying leptonically.
1000
4 500
0
600 800 1000 1200 1400
M !++ (GeV)
R
29. New EWSB no scalar
AT 29
LAS
-TD
R
predicted by: Dynamical SB models, technicolor
produced as: from q-q annihilation
decay via: boson pairs
•Fast MC based study
•Scan ρT mass for different πT
Discovery with 30fb-1 data possible
depending on model parameters
30. New EWSB SUSY
30
Give up the (so far) observed “spin” asymmetry between
matter and force carriers: partners for all SM particles
• solves Fine Tuning, DM.. problems
SUSY not observed: sparticles heavy: broken symmetry
Rich phenomenology (even with Rparity):
• large # of parameters: >100 in MSSM case*
• many SB options: MSSM, mSUGRA, GMSB, AMSB..
Common properties: has 5 parameters has 6 parameters
• cascade decays of sparticles to high pT objects ,
• stable LSP escapes undetected: large ETmiss .
Look for: jets + ETmiss and leptons +jets + ETmiss
* #parameters=124 given in SN-ATLAS-2006-058
31. 1 bb+jets 272 · 10 364 0
New EWSB mSUGRA
SN 31
-AT
10-1
WMAP range L of
Table 6: Efficiency of the cuts used for the reconstructionAS- the decay o
20
07
evaluated with ATLFAST events for low luminosity operation. The numbe
- 4
to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb . The third column contains the0numb
−1
9
10-2 ISAJET +MICROMEGAS
the inclusive cuts on jets, b-jets, missing energy and effective mass. The fou
mSUGRA’s LSP is DM candidate
SOFTSUSY+MICROMEGAS number of events with two reconstructed top candidates which satisfy all
˜ 0
102000 -3
˜ ¯
divided in those with the presence of the g → χ0 tt decay (signal), and th
˜
•model should be consistent with WMAP data χ1
2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
m0 (GeV)
(background).
R parity imposes pair productionevents which passes the various selectionsχshown¯ Tab
g → ˜ tb
˜ + in
The number of is
˜˜
pp → g g
mass term µ on the mSUGRA common conditions and an integrated luminosity of 10 fb−1 . The dominant
running scalar
−
•Fast MCµ, and astudymass of 175 GeV. The inclusive cuts on jets, b-jets, missing energy and effecti
0, a positive based top grounds after the
¯
˜ ˜
g→χ ¯
tb
•m1/2-m0 parameterusing SOFTSUSY. 6) are the tt and two bb+jets production. The2.5 is required (last
of Table
space scanned hadronic decay of
the latter is removed w
GEs, the open squares
n m0 .
of the Right top quarks with ∆R <
¯
0
and the dominant background remains the tt production, which is howeve ˜ ˜
g→χ ¯
tt
of magnitude smaller than the signal.
jets + ETmiss
ISAJET 7.71 mt = 175 GeV, tan " = 54 A=0 GeV µ > 0
Invariant mass best selected tt pair
1000
Events/ 30 GeV / 10fb-1
m1/2 (GeV)
10
900 SUSY
800 8
700
tt
6
600
500 4 7 σ significance
400
with 1fb-1 of data
300 allowed region 2
! > !WMAP
200 0
LEP excluded
100
! < !WMAP
-2
0 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 MINV (GeV)
m0 (GeV)
32. New EWSB GMSB
SN 32
-AT
LA
S-2
00
1-0
04
Susy breaking scale close to weak scale
•LSP is gravitino, FCNC is suppressed
Reference points with different model parameters & NLSP
•Fast MC based study @ G3 (NLSP is stau)
•G3b: NLSP is quasi-stable q → χ0 q → ˜ q → τ (τ ) q → Gτ (τ ) q
˜ ˜1,2 ˜
•G3a: NLSP immediately decays ˜
leptons +jets + ETmiss
Negligibly small
SM background
Excellent signal with
few fb-1 in both cases
G3b: stau detected in G3a: stau decays
the muon chambers before detection
but dips can be
calculated & fit:
33. SM to BSM
33
Fourth
‣Fermions as matter particles
Family • Quarks & Leptons
new quarks new leptons lepto-quarks
new
constituents
composite
models
GUTs
‣Gauge group structure
• gauge bosons as force carriers
Super Symmetry
Gauge G new
gauge
bosons
Little
Higgs ‣EW Symmetry Breaking
• mass via Higgs bosons Dynamical
Symmetry
new scalars new EWSB Breaking
2HDMs
Technicolor
‣3+1 space-time
new
dimensions RS Model ADD Models
34. EDs graviton
SN 34
-AT
LA
S-2
00
1-0
05
predicted by: all ED models
produced as: from q-q annihilation, q-g/g-g fusion
decay via: - (stable) ¯
gg/gq/q q → gG
•Fast MC based study
•#EDs=2,3,4 & ED scale scanned
Events / 20 GeV
!s = 14 TeV
jW(e!), jW(µ!)
10
6
MPl(4+d)MAX(TeV) d=2 d=3 d=4
jW("!)
10
5
jZ(!!) 30fb-1 7.7 6.2 5.2
10
4
total background
100fb-1 9.1 7.0 6.0
signal #=2 MD = 4 TeV
signal #=2 MD = 8 TeV
10
3 signal #=3 MD = 5 TeV
¯
signal #=4 MD = 5 TeV
10
2 q q → γG
•lower rate,
•lower sensitivity due to Zγ background
10
1
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000
ETmiss (GeV)
35. EDs Excited gluons
SN 35
-AT
LA
S-2
00
6-0
02
predicted by:g*TEV-1 EDs (ADD)
1800
1200
!bb 1600
g* ! b b
¯ ∗
1000
-1
produced as: from q-q annihilation qq → g → tt
1400
-1
Events/80 GeV/100 fb
Events/40 GeV/10 fb
Signal 1200
Signal
→ b¯
800
Total backg Total backg
1000
decay via: heavy quark pairs
600
400
Reducible backg
800
600
b
Reducible backg
400
200
200
1800
1200
0
400 600 800 1000 1200 g* !1600 b
1400 b 1800
•Fast MC based study! b b
0
1600
g* 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
•g* mass scanned [1..3] TeV mg* (GeV)
1000
-1
mg* (GeV) 1400
-1
Events/80 GeV/100 fb
Events/40 GeV/10 fb
Signal 1200
Signal
800
Total backg Total backg
(a) Reducible backg
1000 (b) Reducible backg
600
g. 3. Reconstructed mass peaks for g ∗ → b¯ including both signal and background
b 800
600
ntributions for mass values of M = 1 and 2 TeV. The mass window used to cal-
400
400
ate200 significance is indicated in the figures. Luminosities of = 10 4 pb−1 and
the 200
= 105 pb−1 are assumed for M = 1 and 2 TeV, 0respectively. g* ! t t
g* ! b b
3
0 10 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
mg* (GeV) mg* (GeV)
b¯
140
Significance
g* ! t t (b) 10 g* ! t t
b
700
(a)
¯
2
120
g. 3. Reconstructed mass peaks for g ∗ → b¯ including both signal and background
tt
Events/60 GeV/10 fb-1
600
Events/40 GeV/3 fb-1
Signal b 100 Signal
500
ntributions for mass values of M =
Total backg 1 and 2 TeV. The mass window used to cal-
80
10
Total backg
Reducible backg Reducible backg
400
late the significance is indicated in the figures. 60 Luminosities of = 10 4 pb−1 and
= 105 pb−1 are assumed for M = 1 and 2 TeV, 40
300
respectively.
200
1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
100 20
140 M (GeV)
fb-1g*as at function of mass for ∗ → b¯ and a lum
Fig. 5.300(GeV)
Significance allows reaching 3.3 gTeV with 5σ
700
0
400 600 800 1000 1200
g* ! t t
14001600 1800
0
120
600 ! t
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
b
fb-1
600 mg* (GeV) m
fb-1
100 5 g* −1
36. Summary
36
LHC has very rich discovery potential for (B)SM physics.
•mostly published ATLAS results shown
•ATLAS (& CMS) are currently taking data @ 7TeV
Concentrated on a selection of discovery possibilities;
•some models (e.g. micro BHs) not mentioned,
•differentiation between models not shown,
•boost to standard searches from BSM physics not shown.
Some results with Fast MC were shown,
•New analyses with full simulation ongoing for first 1fb-1,
•Trigger aware studies immediately applicable to LHC data
?
Next few years will be very exciting, stay tuned..
37. auxiliary slides
37
ATLAS
weight 7 000 t
diameter 25 m
length 46 m
B Field 2T
year energy luminosity aimed ∫L (fb-1) physics beam time
2009/10 3.5+3.5 1x1032 1 protons - from July on ➠ 4*106 seconds
ions - after proton run - 5 days at 50% efficiency ➠
TeV 0.2*106 seconds
2012 7+7 TeV 1x1033 10 protons:50% better than 2008 ➠ 6*106 seconds
ions: 20 days at 50% efficiency ➠ 106 seconds
2013 7+7 TeV 1x1034 100 TDR targets:
protons: ➠ 107 seconds
ions: ➠ 2*106 seconds
38. 38
Fourth generation quarks (doublets)
• What is it?
➡ SM does not give #families => not a true modification
➡ predicts 4 new heavy fermions with 1TeV > m >100GeV
• Viable?
Leptons Quarks
2 1 mt mντ
δS = − log − log
3π 3π
➡ PDG considers only total degeneracy
mb mτ
u c t u4
➡ SM3 & SM4 have same χ2 from fits, d s b d4
➡ CKM has enough room for 4 row/column
➡ SM4 can accommodate heavier Higgs νe νµ ντ ν4
e µ τ e4
• Desirable? I II III IV
➡ CPV source (for BAU)
➡ Alternative EW SymBreaking
➡ Fermion mass hierarchy
➡ DarkMatter candidate
• Discoverable?
➡ Tevatron: ongoing; b-Factories: indirectly; LHC: Find or refute !
39. BSM models: Exotics
39
‣A brief summary of popular models:
• Grand Unified Theories:
- SM gauge group is embedded into a larger one like SO(10), to unify EW
and QCD.
- additional fermions and bosons predicted.
• Little Higgs models:
- spontaneously broken global symmetry to impose a cut-off ~10 TeV.
- additional bosons and quarks introduced to cure the hierarchy problem.
• Extra Dimensions:
- Low Planck scale in d dimensional theory solves the hierarchy problem
between EW and Gravitational couplings.
- Excitations of SM bosons and fermions are predicted.
‣ These models do not exclude supersymmetry.