I was present this paper in VEL TECH University
it might helpful to search the paths using Shortest Distance algorithm And find Enhancement in Algorithms to Fasten Search for Path Queries over Frequently Updated Route Collections
Guide : Robinson Joel
1) The document discusses algorithms for finding optimal bus routes between locations, including Dijkstra's algorithm and improvements made to address its limitations.
2) It analyzes shortest path algorithms based on graph theory, least transfers, and station matrices. An improved Dijkstra's algorithm is proposed to find shortest paths between any two nodes.
3) The results show the improved algorithm can determine the shortest distance and transfer routes between any four bus stations, demonstrating its accuracy and feasibility for route planning applications.
Location and Mobility Aware Resource Management for 5G Cloud Radio Access Net...Md Nazrul Islam Roxy
This document proposes location and mobility aware resource management algorithms for 5G cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). It proposes a two-step approach using 1) a location-aware virtual base station (VBS) clustering algorithm and 2) a VBS cluster packing algorithm that considers location, mobility patterns, and handovers. It evaluates these proposed algorithms along with existing algorithms through simulation. The results show the proposed hierarchical clustering algorithm reduces inter-host handovers by up to 26.5% while the proposed location-aware packing reduces them by up to 30%. The best combination reduces inter-host handovers by up to 34.8%.
Solving bandwidth guaranteed routing problem using routing dataIJCNCJournal
This paper introduces a traffic engineering routing algorithm that aims to accept as many routing demands
as possible on the condition that a certain amount of bandwidth resource is reserved for each accepted
demand. The novel idea is to select routes based on not only network states but also information derived
from routing data such as probabilities of the ingress egress pairs and usage frequencies of the links.
Experiments with respect to acceptance ratio and computation time have been conducted against various
test sets. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the existing popular algorithms including Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) and Random Race based Algorithm for Traffic Engineering (RRATE)
.
This document discusses accessing and working with spatial data in R. It covers reading vector and raster data formats like shapefiles and GeoTIFFs using packages like maptools and rgdal. It also discusses writing spatial data, coordinate reference systems (CRS), and loose vs tight coupling with GIS interfaces.
This document summarizes a research paper on fair channel allocation in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. It discusses:
1) A channel allocation problem where each node is assigned a subset of channels to access periodically using a MAC protocol, with the goal of maximizing fair sharing of spectrum among network flows.
2) An optimal brute-force search algorithm for solving this NP-hard problem and its exponential complexity.
3) The development of low-complexity channel allocation algorithms and an analytical throughput model to evaluate performance.
Tech report: Fair Channel Allocation and Access Design for Cognitive Ad Hoc N...Polytechnique Montreal
supplement to Globecom paper: L. T. Tan and L. B. Le, ``Fair Channel Allocation and Access Design for Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks,'' in 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM 2012), Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 1162-1167, December, 2012.
This document summarizes two algorithms - MFA and ATRA - for processing top-k spatial preference queries. MFA is a threshold-based algorithm that partitions queries into three features - spatial, preference, and text - and retrieves objects with the highest aggregate scores. ATRA uses a hybrid indexing structure called AIR-tree to more efficiently retrieve only relevant objects without revisiting the same data. The paper then proposes using an R-tree index structure combined with an enhanced branch-and-bound search algorithm to answer preference-based top-k spatial keyword queries by ranking objects based on feature quality in their neighborhoods.
Fair channel allocation and access design for cognitive ad hoc networksPolytechnique Montreal
The document discusses fair channel allocation and access design for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. It considers a scenario where network nodes can access at most one channel at a time. It analyzes the complexity of the optimal brute-force search algorithm for this NP-hard channel allocation problem. It then develops low-complexity algorithms and a throughput model to analyze their performance in achieving fair spectrum sharing. Specifically, it proposes a non-overlapping channel assignment algorithm and an overlapping channel assignment algorithm combined with a MAC protocol to resolve channel access contention.
1) The document discusses algorithms for finding optimal bus routes between locations, including Dijkstra's algorithm and improvements made to address its limitations.
2) It analyzes shortest path algorithms based on graph theory, least transfers, and station matrices. An improved Dijkstra's algorithm is proposed to find shortest paths between any two nodes.
3) The results show the improved algorithm can determine the shortest distance and transfer routes between any four bus stations, demonstrating its accuracy and feasibility for route planning applications.
Location and Mobility Aware Resource Management for 5G Cloud Radio Access Net...Md Nazrul Islam Roxy
This document proposes location and mobility aware resource management algorithms for 5G cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). It proposes a two-step approach using 1) a location-aware virtual base station (VBS) clustering algorithm and 2) a VBS cluster packing algorithm that considers location, mobility patterns, and handovers. It evaluates these proposed algorithms along with existing algorithms through simulation. The results show the proposed hierarchical clustering algorithm reduces inter-host handovers by up to 26.5% while the proposed location-aware packing reduces them by up to 30%. The best combination reduces inter-host handovers by up to 34.8%.
Solving bandwidth guaranteed routing problem using routing dataIJCNCJournal
This paper introduces a traffic engineering routing algorithm that aims to accept as many routing demands
as possible on the condition that a certain amount of bandwidth resource is reserved for each accepted
demand. The novel idea is to select routes based on not only network states but also information derived
from routing data such as probabilities of the ingress egress pairs and usage frequencies of the links.
Experiments with respect to acceptance ratio and computation time have been conducted against various
test sets. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the existing popular algorithms including Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA) and Random Race based Algorithm for Traffic Engineering (RRATE)
.
This document discusses accessing and working with spatial data in R. It covers reading vector and raster data formats like shapefiles and GeoTIFFs using packages like maptools and rgdal. It also discusses writing spatial data, coordinate reference systems (CRS), and loose vs tight coupling with GIS interfaces.
This document summarizes a research paper on fair channel allocation in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. It discusses:
1) A channel allocation problem where each node is assigned a subset of channels to access periodically using a MAC protocol, with the goal of maximizing fair sharing of spectrum among network flows.
2) An optimal brute-force search algorithm for solving this NP-hard problem and its exponential complexity.
3) The development of low-complexity channel allocation algorithms and an analytical throughput model to evaluate performance.
Tech report: Fair Channel Allocation and Access Design for Cognitive Ad Hoc N...Polytechnique Montreal
supplement to Globecom paper: L. T. Tan and L. B. Le, ``Fair Channel Allocation and Access Design for Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks,'' in 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM 2012), Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 1162-1167, December, 2012.
This document summarizes two algorithms - MFA and ATRA - for processing top-k spatial preference queries. MFA is a threshold-based algorithm that partitions queries into three features - spatial, preference, and text - and retrieves objects with the highest aggregate scores. ATRA uses a hybrid indexing structure called AIR-tree to more efficiently retrieve only relevant objects without revisiting the same data. The paper then proposes using an R-tree index structure combined with an enhanced branch-and-bound search algorithm to answer preference-based top-k spatial keyword queries by ranking objects based on feature quality in their neighborhoods.
Fair channel allocation and access design for cognitive ad hoc networksPolytechnique Montreal
The document discusses fair channel allocation and access design for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. It considers a scenario where network nodes can access at most one channel at a time. It analyzes the complexity of the optimal brute-force search algorithm for this NP-hard channel allocation problem. It then develops low-complexity algorithms and a throughput model to analyze their performance in achieving fair spectrum sharing. Specifically, it proposes a non-overlapping channel assignment algorithm and an overlapping channel assignment algorithm combined with a MAC protocol to resolve channel access contention.
Este documento presenta un código de conducta para el uso seguro y responsable de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) por parte de niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. El código contiene 10 comportamientos clave como utilizar las TIC respetando a los demás, proteger la privacidad e identidad personal, usar las TIC de manera constructiva y legal, y brindar especial cuidado y guía a los menores de edad en su uso de las TIC. El código fue desarrollado por una mesa de trabajo convocada por Red Pa
You are thanked for your dedication and service which brings comfort and hope to those devastated by disaster. The document is a thank you from Gretchen Doumit to Disaster Relief Operations Director Timothy Pitoniak for their work on DR 550 Massachusetts Winter Storm (Juno) in January 2015.
El documento resume los diferentes tipos de amor que aparecen en la poesía de Miguel Hernández, incluyendo el amor a la naturaleza, la mujer, el hijo, los amigos y la vida. Explora temas como el despertar sexual, el amor-lamento, el amor-dolor por la traición a la realidad, y el amor como fundamento de la vida y la muerte. Finalmente, habla del amor como esperanza para un mundo mejor.
Facebook es una red social gratuita lanzada en 2004 por Mark Zuckerberg inicialmente para estudiantes de la Universidad de Harvard, aunque rápidamente se expandió a otras universidades. Los usuarios pueden crear un perfil, agregar amigos, publicar contenidos y compartirlos. Tiene más de 900 millones de usuarios conectados a través de interacciones entre personas reales.
I. O documento discute vários tópicos de química e biologia, incluindo: equilíbrio iônico, pH, termoquímica, reações de oxirredução, divisão celular e doenças.
II. Também aborda química orgânica, estequiometria, citologia e fisiologia do sistema endócrino.
III. Fornece respostas corretas e incorretas para questões sobre esses assuntos.
1) A lista de exercícios trata de hidrocarbonetos e inclui questões sobre os principais gases de petróleo, alquenos, alcanos, alcinos e nomenclatura de compostos orgânicos.
2) As questões abordam tópicos como fórmulas moleculares de gases de petróleo, identificação de alquenos, estruturas de hidrocarbonetos, nomes sistemáticos segundo regras da IUPAC e propriedades relacionadas à qualidade da gasolina.
3) O gabarito no
The document discusses challenges that HR departments face with managing multiple software systems for different tasks. It notes that while HR has experience with software, the changing role of HR has led to a pile of applications that are difficult to manage. The biggest challenge is reducing the number of systems, aligning them with a centralized platform, and ensuring the infrastructure is flexible for the future. It also outlines obstacles like handling multiple languages and brands while minimizing errors. The document advocates implementing a platform that can integrate systems, handle complex data, create and distribute documents and communications across various channels.
This document contains architectural standards and dimensions for interior spaces including furniture, bathrooms, kitchens, and parking. It includes human scale drawings, different ways to draw doors and measure with hands. Sections cover interior standards for rooms like kitchens, living rooms, and bathrooms. Furniture dimensions are provided for living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and other areas. Parking and television dimensions are also included along with notes on right and wrong design approaches.
Amtr the ant based qos aware multipath temporally ordered routing algorithm ...csandit
Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized by a collection of mobile nodes, which
are interconnected by multi hop wireless paths. Providing QoS support in MANETs is an active
research area, basically for supporting real time applications that are based upon interaction
between the routing scheme and QoS provisioning. The goal of QoS aware routing is to achieve
more deterministic behavior of the network i.e. a stable path, so that information carried by the
network can be delivered in an uninterrupted fashion and for better resource utilization. In this
paper we have developed AMTR, a new ant based QoS aware on-demand multipath routing
algorithm for MANETs with better route failure management and which will be highly adaptive
and energy efficient.
AMTR: THE ANT BASED QOS AWARE MULTIPATH TEMPORALLY ORDERED ROUTING ALGORITHM ...cscpconf
Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized by a collection of mobile nodes, which are interconnected by multi hop wireless paths. Providing QoS support in MANETs is an active research area, basically for supporting real time applications that are based upon interaction between the routing scheme and QoS provisioning. The goal of QoS aware routing is to achieve more deterministic behavior of the network i.e. a stable path, so that information carried by the network can be delivered in an uninterrupted fashion and for better resource utilization. In this paper we have developed AMTR, a new ant based QoS aware on-demand multipath routing algorithm for MANETs with better route failure management and which will be highly adaptive and energy efficient.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Performance Analysis of Minimum Hop Source Routing Algorithm for Two Dimensio...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Network on Chip has emerged as new paradigm for the system designers to design an on chip interconnection network. However, NOC presents a large amount of array of design parameters and decision that are sometimes difficult to tackle. Apart from these issues NOC presents a framework of communication for complex SOC and has been widely accepted by the industries and academia’s. Today all the complex VLSI circuitry which requires an on chip communication between them are the part of NOC. The mature concepts of communication network such as routing algorithm, switching technique, flow and congestion control etc in the NOC are the important features on which the performance of NOC depends. This paper introduces the efficient source routing algorithm which generates the minimum hop from source to destination. Performance of NOC network in terms of latency and throughput for minimum hop source routing algorithm is also evaluated. Keywords: Network on chip, routing algorithm, topology, traffic.
Trajectory Segmentation and Sampling of Moving Objects Based On Representativ...ijsrd.com
Moving Object Databases (MOD), although ubiquitous, still call for methods that will be able to understand, search, analyze, and browse their spatiotemporal content. In this paper, we propose a method for trajectory segmentation and sampling based on the representativeness of the (sub) trajectories in the MOD. In order to find the most representative sub trajectories, the following methodology is proposed. First, a novel global voting algorithm is performed, based on local density and trajectory similarity information. This method is applied for each segment of the trajectory, forming a local trajectory descriptor that represents line segment representativeness. The sequence of this descriptor over a trajectory gives the voting signal of the trajectory, where high values correspond to the most representative parts. Then, a novel segmentation algorithm is applied on this signal that automatically estimates the number of partitions and the partition borders, identifying homogenous partitions concerning their representativeness. Finally, a sampling method over the resulting segments yields the most representative sub trajectories in the MOD. Our experimental results in synthetic and real MOD verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, also in comparison with other sampling techniques.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using swarm intelligence algorithms to develop a compact routing mechanism for multipath networks. It aims to decrease the size of routing lists at each node by dividing traffic across multiple paths instead of using a single path. The document provides background on routing techniques and swarm intelligence. It then describes how the proposed method uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the shortest path between nodes and minimize the size of routing tables by updating particle positions and velocities in an iterative process. The goal is to design effective and scalable routing algorithms for large networks inspired by collective behaviors in natural systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
In Contrast with traditional networks, ad hoc networks not require any previously built
infrastructure, they are distributed and fully self-organized systems. Due to absence of any
fixed node, each node acts as a router, providing routing capabilities of the MANET. In a
distributed network, with out any infrastructure communicating peers have to rely on the
whole network, therefore the proper security hardly can be established. This paper proposes
enhancements in Preemptive DSR to provide secured route discovery. This paper evaluates
integration of Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission(SMT) with
Preemptive Dynamic Source Routing (PDSR) to get Secured PDSR(S-PDSR), which is
capable of secured route discovery.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
This document proposes enhancements to Preemptive DSR (PDSR) called Secured Preemptive DSR (S-PDSR) to provide secured route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks. S-PDSR integrates the Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission (SMT) with PDSR. PDSR is an on-demand routing protocol that discovers multiple routes to allow for secured data transmission. The proposed S-PDSR protocol exploits this feature of PDSR to incorporate SRP for secured route discovery and allow SMT to use the multiple routes to ensure secure data transmission.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
This document proposes enhancements to Preemptive DSR (PDSR) called Secured Preemptive DSR (S-PDSR) to provide secured route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks. S-PDSR integrates the Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission (SMT) with PDSR. PDSR is an on-demand routing protocol that discovers multiple routes to allow for secured data transmission. The proposed S-PDSR protocol exploits this feature of PDSR to incorporate SRP for secured route discovery and allow SMT to use the multiple routes to ensure secure data transmission in the network.
As we see that the world has become closer and faster and with the enormous growth of distributed networks like p2p, social networks, overlay networks, cloud computing etc. Theses Distributed networks are represented as graphs and the fundamental component of distributed network is the relationship defined by linkages among units or nodes in the network. Major concern for computer experts is how to store such enormous amount of data especially in form of graphs. There is a need for efficient data structure used for storage of such type of data should provide efficient format for fast retrieval of data as and when required, in this types of networks. Although adjacency matrix is an effective technique to represent a graph having few or large number of nodes and vertices but when it comes to analysis of huge amount of data from site likes like face book or twitter, adjacency matrix cannot do this. In this paper, we study the existing application of a special kind of data structure, skip graph with its various versions which can be efficiently used for storing such type of data resulting in optimal storage, space utilization retrieval and concurrency.
Este documento presenta un código de conducta para el uso seguro y responsable de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) por parte de niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. El código contiene 10 comportamientos clave como utilizar las TIC respetando a los demás, proteger la privacidad e identidad personal, usar las TIC de manera constructiva y legal, y brindar especial cuidado y guía a los menores de edad en su uso de las TIC. El código fue desarrollado por una mesa de trabajo convocada por Red Pa
You are thanked for your dedication and service which brings comfort and hope to those devastated by disaster. The document is a thank you from Gretchen Doumit to Disaster Relief Operations Director Timothy Pitoniak for their work on DR 550 Massachusetts Winter Storm (Juno) in January 2015.
El documento resume los diferentes tipos de amor que aparecen en la poesía de Miguel Hernández, incluyendo el amor a la naturaleza, la mujer, el hijo, los amigos y la vida. Explora temas como el despertar sexual, el amor-lamento, el amor-dolor por la traición a la realidad, y el amor como fundamento de la vida y la muerte. Finalmente, habla del amor como esperanza para un mundo mejor.
Facebook es una red social gratuita lanzada en 2004 por Mark Zuckerberg inicialmente para estudiantes de la Universidad de Harvard, aunque rápidamente se expandió a otras universidades. Los usuarios pueden crear un perfil, agregar amigos, publicar contenidos y compartirlos. Tiene más de 900 millones de usuarios conectados a través de interacciones entre personas reales.
I. O documento discute vários tópicos de química e biologia, incluindo: equilíbrio iônico, pH, termoquímica, reações de oxirredução, divisão celular e doenças.
II. Também aborda química orgânica, estequiometria, citologia e fisiologia do sistema endócrino.
III. Fornece respostas corretas e incorretas para questões sobre esses assuntos.
1) A lista de exercícios trata de hidrocarbonetos e inclui questões sobre os principais gases de petróleo, alquenos, alcanos, alcinos e nomenclatura de compostos orgânicos.
2) As questões abordam tópicos como fórmulas moleculares de gases de petróleo, identificação de alquenos, estruturas de hidrocarbonetos, nomes sistemáticos segundo regras da IUPAC e propriedades relacionadas à qualidade da gasolina.
3) O gabarito no
The document discusses challenges that HR departments face with managing multiple software systems for different tasks. It notes that while HR has experience with software, the changing role of HR has led to a pile of applications that are difficult to manage. The biggest challenge is reducing the number of systems, aligning them with a centralized platform, and ensuring the infrastructure is flexible for the future. It also outlines obstacles like handling multiple languages and brands while minimizing errors. The document advocates implementing a platform that can integrate systems, handle complex data, create and distribute documents and communications across various channels.
This document contains architectural standards and dimensions for interior spaces including furniture, bathrooms, kitchens, and parking. It includes human scale drawings, different ways to draw doors and measure with hands. Sections cover interior standards for rooms like kitchens, living rooms, and bathrooms. Furniture dimensions are provided for living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, and other areas. Parking and television dimensions are also included along with notes on right and wrong design approaches.
Amtr the ant based qos aware multipath temporally ordered routing algorithm ...csandit
Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized by a collection of mobile nodes, which
are interconnected by multi hop wireless paths. Providing QoS support in MANETs is an active
research area, basically for supporting real time applications that are based upon interaction
between the routing scheme and QoS provisioning. The goal of QoS aware routing is to achieve
more deterministic behavior of the network i.e. a stable path, so that information carried by the
network can be delivered in an uninterrupted fashion and for better resource utilization. In this
paper we have developed AMTR, a new ant based QoS aware on-demand multipath routing
algorithm for MANETs with better route failure management and which will be highly adaptive
and energy efficient.
AMTR: THE ANT BASED QOS AWARE MULTIPATH TEMPORALLY ORDERED ROUTING ALGORITHM ...cscpconf
Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self organized by a collection of mobile nodes, which are interconnected by multi hop wireless paths. Providing QoS support in MANETs is an active research area, basically for supporting real time applications that are based upon interaction between the routing scheme and QoS provisioning. The goal of QoS aware routing is to achieve more deterministic behavior of the network i.e. a stable path, so that information carried by the network can be delivered in an uninterrupted fashion and for better resource utilization. In this paper we have developed AMTR, a new ant based QoS aware on-demand multipath routing algorithm for MANETs with better route failure management and which will be highly adaptive and energy efficient.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Performance Analysis of Minimum Hop Source Routing Algorithm for Two Dimensio...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Network on Chip has emerged as new paradigm for the system designers to design an on chip interconnection network. However, NOC presents a large amount of array of design parameters and decision that are sometimes difficult to tackle. Apart from these issues NOC presents a framework of communication for complex SOC and has been widely accepted by the industries and academia’s. Today all the complex VLSI circuitry which requires an on chip communication between them are the part of NOC. The mature concepts of communication network such as routing algorithm, switching technique, flow and congestion control etc in the NOC are the important features on which the performance of NOC depends. This paper introduces the efficient source routing algorithm which generates the minimum hop from source to destination. Performance of NOC network in terms of latency and throughput for minimum hop source routing algorithm is also evaluated. Keywords: Network on chip, routing algorithm, topology, traffic.
Trajectory Segmentation and Sampling of Moving Objects Based On Representativ...ijsrd.com
Moving Object Databases (MOD), although ubiquitous, still call for methods that will be able to understand, search, analyze, and browse their spatiotemporal content. In this paper, we propose a method for trajectory segmentation and sampling based on the representativeness of the (sub) trajectories in the MOD. In order to find the most representative sub trajectories, the following methodology is proposed. First, a novel global voting algorithm is performed, based on local density and trajectory similarity information. This method is applied for each segment of the trajectory, forming a local trajectory descriptor that represents line segment representativeness. The sequence of this descriptor over a trajectory gives the voting signal of the trajectory, where high values correspond to the most representative parts. Then, a novel segmentation algorithm is applied on this signal that automatically estimates the number of partitions and the partition borders, identifying homogenous partitions concerning their representativeness. Finally, a sampling method over the resulting segments yields the most representative sub trajectories in the MOD. Our experimental results in synthetic and real MOD verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, also in comparison with other sampling techniques.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using swarm intelligence algorithms to develop a compact routing mechanism for multipath networks. It aims to decrease the size of routing lists at each node by dividing traffic across multiple paths instead of using a single path. The document provides background on routing techniques and swarm intelligence. It then describes how the proposed method uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the shortest path between nodes and minimize the size of routing tables by updating particle positions and velocities in an iterative process. The goal is to design effective and scalable routing algorithms for large networks inspired by collective behaviors in natural systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
In Contrast with traditional networks, ad hoc networks not require any previously built
infrastructure, they are distributed and fully self-organized systems. Due to absence of any
fixed node, each node acts as a router, providing routing capabilities of the MANET. In a
distributed network, with out any infrastructure communicating peers have to rely on the
whole network, therefore the proper security hardly can be established. This paper proposes
enhancements in Preemptive DSR to provide secured route discovery. This paper evaluates
integration of Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission(SMT) with
Preemptive Dynamic Source Routing (PDSR) to get Secured PDSR(S-PDSR), which is
capable of secured route discovery.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
This document proposes enhancements to Preemptive DSR (PDSR) called Secured Preemptive DSR (S-PDSR) to provide secured route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks. S-PDSR integrates the Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission (SMT) with PDSR. PDSR is an on-demand routing protocol that discovers multiple routes to allow for secured data transmission. The proposed S-PDSR protocol exploits this feature of PDSR to incorporate SRP for secured route discovery and allow SMT to use the multiple routes to ensure secure data transmission.
Secured Preemptive DSR(S-PDSR): An integration of SRP and SMT with Preemptive...ijasuc
This document proposes enhancements to Preemptive DSR (PDSR) called Secured Preemptive DSR (S-PDSR) to provide secured route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks. S-PDSR integrates the Secured Routing Protocol (SRP) and Secured Message Transmission (SMT) with PDSR. PDSR is an on-demand routing protocol that discovers multiple routes to allow for secured data transmission. The proposed S-PDSR protocol exploits this feature of PDSR to incorporate SRP for secured route discovery and allow SMT to use the multiple routes to ensure secure data transmission in the network.
As we see that the world has become closer and faster and with the enormous growth of distributed networks like p2p, social networks, overlay networks, cloud computing etc. Theses Distributed networks are represented as graphs and the fundamental component of distributed network is the relationship defined by linkages among units or nodes in the network. Major concern for computer experts is how to store such enormous amount of data especially in form of graphs. There is a need for efficient data structure used for storage of such type of data should provide efficient format for fast retrieval of data as and when required, in this types of networks. Although adjacency matrix is an effective technique to represent a graph having few or large number of nodes and vertices but when it comes to analysis of huge amount of data from site likes like face book or twitter, adjacency matrix cannot do this. In this paper, we study the existing application of a special kind of data structure, skip graph with its various versions which can be efficiently used for storing such type of data resulting in optimal storage, space utilization retrieval and concurrency.
A Simulated Behavioral Study of DSR Routing Protocol Using NS-2IJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network (MANETS) consists of wireless nodes communicating without any centralized administration .thus each node acts as a host and a router. There are many routing protocols designed for MANETS. The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simple and efficient Routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless mobile nodes. This paper describes the design the implementation of DSR protocol in NS-2 simulator environment. We also analyze the performance of the DSR for various performance matrixes such as average end to- end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio. The analysis was made for different number of nodes using the NS-2 simulator.
This document presents a new algorithm for flexible route planning that allows customizing a linear combination of two metrics like travel time and cost. The algorithm precomputes shortcuts for a graph based on contracting nodes in a customized order. It develops the concept of "gradual parameter interval splitting" to improve the node ordering for different parameter values. The algorithm combines node contraction with a goal-directed technique to further improve performance of flexible queries.
Link-and Node-Disjoint Evaluation of the Ad Hoc on Demand Multi-path Distance...Eswar Publications
This work illustrates the AOMDV routing protocol. Its ancestor, the AODV routing protocol is also described. This tutorial demonstrates how forward and reverse paths are created by the AOMDV routing protocol. Loop free paths formulation is described, together with node and link disjoint paths. Finally, the performance of the AOMDV routing protocol is investigated along link and node disjoint paths. The WSN with the AOMDV routing protocol using link disjoint paths is better than the WSN with the AOMDV routing protocol using node disjoint paths for energy consumption.
AN EFFECT OF USING A STORAGE MEDIUM IN DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE FOR IDE...ijcsit
The graph model is used widely for representing connected objects within a specific area. These objects are defined as nodes; where the connection is represented as arc called edges. The shortest path between two nodes is one of the most focus researchers’ attentions. Many algorithms are developed with different structured approach for reducing the shortest path cost. The most widely used algorithm is Dijkstra algorithm. This algorithm has been represented with various structural developments in order to reduce the shortest path cost. This paper highlights the idea of using a storage medium to store the solution path from Dijkstra algorithm, then, uses it to find the implicit path in an ideal time cost. The performance of Dijkstra algorithm using an appropriate data structure is improved. Our results emphasize that the searching time through the given data structure is reduced within different graphs models.
This summarizes a fast re-route method to find an alternate path after a link failure, before the interior gateway protocol has reconverged. The method selects the next hop among a source node's neighbors based on which has the lowest number of visits (multiplicity) and shortest estimated distance to the destination. It is proven to always find an alternate path if one exists. The method improves over loop-free alternate approaches by not requiring tunnels. It can find paths for simple cases like a square topology where LFA fails.
An Effective and Scalable AODV for Wireless Ad hoc Sensor Networksijcnes
Appropriate routing protocol in data transfer is a challenging problem of network in terms of lower end-to-end delay in delivery of data packets with improving packet delivery ratio and lower overhead as well. In this paper we explain an effective and scalable AODV (called as AODV-ES) for Wireless Ad hoc Sensor Networks (WASN) by using third party reply model, n-hop local ring and time-to-live based local recovery. Our goal is to reduce time delay for delivery of the data packets, routing overhead and improve the data packet delivery ratio. The resulting algorithm AODV-ES is then simulated by NS-2 under Linux operating system. The performance of routing protocol is evaluated under various mobility rates and found that the proposed routing protocol is better than AODV.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – OECD – June 2024 ...
Search Path Algorithm
1. PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHENNAI-600123
Enhancement in Algorithms to Fasten Search for Path Queries
over Frequently Updated Route Collections
Guide : Robinson Joel
Email ID: joelnazareth@gmail.com1, pgsarathy23@gmail.com
Presentation : GokulSarathy P
Abstract- The increase in the usage of GPS devices has resulted in the generation of large
amounts of geo data which are otherwise called points of interest (POI) or way points.
Users make use of such data to find new routes or to search through existing routes. Many
algorithms have also been proposed in this regard. The recent proposed algorithms are
called the RTS (Route Traversal Search) and LTS (Link Traversal Search) algorithms.
These algorithms make use of inverted indices and a few data structures for their execution.
These algorithms however keep track of only a limited number of entered routes. This
paper proposes an enhancement that can be applied to these algorithms that can result in
faster execution of queries without performing the entire search that is required in normal
scenarios.
Index terms – Route collections, path queries
_______________________________
1. INTRODUCTION
Several applications involve storing and querying large volumes of data sequences. For
instance, the recent advances in the infrastructure of Geographic InformationS ystems
(GIS) and geodata services, and the proliferation of GPS technology, have resulted in the
abundance of user or machine generated geodata in the form of point of interest (POI)
sequences. We refer to sets of such sequences as route collections.
As an example, consider people visiting Athens, having GPS-enabled devices to track their
sightseeing and create routes through interesting places. Fig. 1 shows two routes in Athens.
The first, r1, starts from the National Technical University of Athens and ends at the new
Museum of Acropolis. The second, r2, starts
2. from the Omonia Square and ends at the Acropolis Entrance. Websites such
asShareMyRoutes.comand TravelByGPS.com maintain a huge collection of routes, like
the above, with POIs from all over the world, that are frequently updated as users
continuously share new interesting routes.
Given the availability of large route collections, the problem of identifying paths on the
route collection arises frequently. Given a route collection and two POIs, hereafter called
nodes, ns and nt, the path query returns a path, i.e., a sequence of nodes, that connects ns to
nt.
Figure 1: Examples of routes in a city
The existing work targets path query evaluation on large disk resident route collections that
are frequently updated. A route collection can be trivially transformed to a graph; hence,
path queries can be evaluated using standard graph search techniques. Such methods follow
one of two paradigms. The first employs graph traversal methods, such as depth first search
(DFS). The second compressesthe graph’s transitive closure, which contains reach ability
information, i.e., whether or not a path exists between any pair of nodes. Both paradigms
share their strengths and weaknesses. While the latter techniques are the fastest, they are
mostly suitable for data sets that are not frequently updated, or when the updates are
localized, since they require expensive precomputation. On the other hand, the former are
easily maintainable, but are slow as they may visit a large part of the graph.
Based on these observations, two generic search-based paradigms were proposed that
exploit transitivity information within the routes, and differ in their expansion phase. For
each route that contains the current search node, route traversal search (RTS)expands the
search considering all successornodes in the route, while link traversal search (LTS)
considers only the next link. Both paradigms terminate when they reach a route that leads
to the target, and are faster than conventional search.
3. All the algorithms used in the above
paradigms make use of inverted
indices, which is a very effective
method to retrieve data. In this paper
we proposethat the addition of newly
evaluated routes to the database
indices will reduce the search time
required in subsequent searches. This
may result in increased memory space
requirement but the tradeoff would
result in faster execution of the
algorithms.
The remainder of this paper is
structured as follows. Section 2
establishes the necessary background.
Section 3 discusses the route traversal
search and the link traversal search
paradigms. Then, Section 4 discusses
the modification proposed in detail
and Section 5 concludes the paper.
2. PRELIMINARIES
Let N denote a set of nodes, e.g.,
POIs, waypoints, etc.
Definition 2.1 (Route).Aroute r(n1, .
. . , nk) over N is a sequence of distinct
nodes (n1, . . . , nk) ε N.
We denote the set of nodes in a route
r as nodes(r), and its length as Lr=
|nodes(r)|.
Definition 2.2 (Route collection).A
route collection R over N is a set of
routes {r1, . . . , rm} over N.
We denote all nodes in a route
collection as nodes(R).
Definition 2.3 (Link).A node in
nodes(R) is called link if it is
contained in at least two routes in R.
Fig. 2. (a) A route collection R and an answer
to PATH(s, t). (b) Routes graph GR.
Example 2.1. Fig. 2a illustrates a
route collection R = {r1, r2, r3, r4, r5}.
Nodes a, b, c, d, f, s, t are links.
Definition 2.4 (Path).A path on a
route collection R is a sequence of
distinct nodes (n1, . . . , nk) ε
nodes(R), such thatfor every pair of
consecutive nodes (ni, ni+1), ni+1 is the
immediatesuccessor of ni in some
route of R.
Note that a path may involve parts of
routes from R.
4. Definition 2.5 (PATH queries). Let
R be a route collection, and ns and nt
be two nodes in nodes(R). The path
query PATH(ns, nt) returns a path
from ns to nt on R.
Example 2.2. Consider the route
collection in Fig. 2a. Path(s, w, a, c, d,
f, y, t) is an answer to query PATH(s,
t),constructed by 1) visiting the nodes
w and a after s inr3, then, 2) using link
a to change from route r3 to r2 and visit
c and d, and finally, 3) using link d to
change from route r2 to r1, visit f, y
and the target t.
A route collection R can be easily
mapped to a graph by merging all
routes in R.
Definition 2.6 (Routes graph).The
routes graph of a route collection R is
a labeled directed graph GR(N,E),
where N = nodes(R), and an edge(ni,
nj, rk) ε E if there exists a route rkε
R with nj immediately after ni.
Example 2.3. The collection R in Fig.
2a is mapped to routes graph GR in
Fig. 2b. The different line styles of the
edges denote the five routes in R.
Storing the route identifiers as labels
is necessary to handle deletions.
Therefore, multiple edges between
two nodes may exist, e.g., (t, s, r1) and
(t, s, r5) in Example 2.3.Note that
connectivity from t to s is only lost
when both routes are removed from
the collection.
The next section describes the RTS
and the LTS algorithms briefly
followed by the modification
proposed.
3. RTS AND LTS ALGORITHMS
3.1. RTS Algorithm
The RTS algorithm takes as inputs: a
route collection R, the R-Index, the
sourcens and target node nt and
returns a path from ns to nt, if one
exists, or null otherwise. The
algorithm uses the following data
structures: 1) a search stack Q, 2) a
history set H, which contains all
nodes that have been pushed in Q, and
3) an ancestorset A, which stores the
direct ancestor of each node in Q. H is
used to avoid cycles during the
traversal, and A to extract answer
paths.
Note that RTS visits each node once
and, thus, there is a single entry per
node in A. RTS proceeds similarly to
depth-first search. Initially, the stack
Q and H contain sourcenode ns,
5. while A is empty. RTS proceeds
iteratively popping a single node nq
from Q during each iteration. The
algorithm terminates when there
exists a route rc that contains both nq
and target nt, such that nt comes after
nq.
3.2 LTS Algorithm
The Link Traversal Search algorithm
features a termination condition
equivalent to that of RTS:the search
stops as soonas LTS visits a node
(link) that lies on the same route with
the target. To traverse the routes and
check for termination, the algorithm
employs an augmented inverted file
on the route collections, termed R-
Index+), which associates a node with
the routes that contain it and the
immediately following link.
The LTS algorithm is used for
evaluating a PATH(ns, nt) query.
Similar to RTS, it uses stack Q, and
sets H and A. Initially, Q contains the
sourcens. LTS constructs a target list
T that contains entries <ri : oti> for all
routes that contain the target nt. Then,
LTS proceeds iteratively until Q is
depleted. At each iteration, assuming
the current search link popped from
the stack is nq, LTS examines each
entry of routes+[nq].The algorithm
terminates if there exists an entry in T
indicating that nq lies before nt on a
common route, a condition which is
identical to that of RTS. In that case,
ConstructPathcomposes an answer
path using the information in A.
Otherwise, if the next link node n+q
has not been previously visited, it is
pushed in the stack and in H. Further,
the entry <n+q ; nq : ri : oqi> is inserted
in A indicating that n+q is reached
from nq following route ri. The
position oqi is used by ConstructPath
to quickly identify the subroute of ri
between links nq and n+q if required.
4. PROPOSEDMODIFICATION
The main objective of this paper is to
provide an enhancement that can be
included in the existing algorithm to
fasten subsequent searches for the
users. It is proposedthat once a new
route has been evaluated as per the
user’s query, the algorithm save this
new route into the database. Once
saved any subsequentrequests by
users for the same path will not
require the execution of the algorithm.
The path needs just to be retrieved
from the database.
However, some users may give
queries that producevery long routes.
Since the length of a given route in
the database is fixed, any newly
6. evaluated path that exceeds this value of length is not to be added to the database.
This will ensure that the database is not being overly populated. Also since users
may request queries over any region, it can be asserted that over a period of time,
the database will contain all possibilities of routes of a given length. This will in
turn result in speeding up the evaluation of subsequentsearches, since the user
need only wait for the value to be retrieved from the database.
5. CONCLUSION
This paper aimed at providing an enhancement to the existing paper that can result
in reducing subsequent search time for repeated queries by different users. The
technique is analogous to cache memory used in computer systems, which does
require additional memory but speeds up the overall execution.
6. REFERENCES
[1] P. Bouros, S. Skiadopoulos, T. Dalamagas, and D. Sacharidis, “Evaluating Path
Queries over Frequently Updated Route Collections” IEEE Transactions on
Knowledge and Data Engineering, pp 1276-1290, 2012.
[2] P. Bouros, S. Skiadopoulos, T. Dalamagas, D. Sacharidis, and T.K. Sellis,
“Evaluating Reachability Queries over Path Collections,” Proc. Int’l Conf.
Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM), pp. 398-416, 2009.
[3] J. Cheng, J.X. Yu, X. Lin, H. Wang, and P.S. Yu, “FastComputation of
Reachability Labeling for Large Graphs,”Proc. Int’l Conf. Extending Database
Technology (EDBT), pp. 961-979, 2006.
[4] J. Cheng, J.X. Yu, X. Lin, H. Wang, and P.S. Yu, “FastComputing
Reachability Labelings for Large Graphs with High CompressionRate,” Proc. Int’l
Conf. Extending Database Technology (EDBT), pp. 193-204, 2008.
[5] R. Agrawal, A. Borgida, and H.V. Jagadish, “Efficient Management of Transitive
Relationships in Large Data and Knowledge Bases,” Proc. ACMSIGMOD Int’lConf.
Management of Data, pp. 253-262,1989.