Early fusion experiments in the 1950s used "magnetic bottles" to confine hot plasma using electromagnetic fields. Two main approaches were the linear "pinch" configuration and toroidal designs. However, plasmas in these devices were unstable and short-lived due to kink, sausage, and other instabilities. In the 1950s, the toroidal "stellarator" was developed to provide stable confinement without instabilities driven by plasma currents. The Soviet "tokamak" design added magnetic fields from external coils to the toroidal pinch and showed greatly improved stability and confinement in the late 1960s. Inertial confinement using high-power lasers was also proposed in the 1960s as an alternative approach to initiating fusion reactions.
GIS,Electron,Electromagnetic energy,radiation,Orbit,Types of OrbitThomas Ayalew
hI what can I prefer is to share my knowledge with who are positive person of the knowledge as well in return I have learn new knowledge from them to help my poor community so please let us work together!
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
BS-III
GIS,Electron,Electromagnetic energy,radiation,Orbit,Types of OrbitThomas Ayalew
hI what can I prefer is to share my knowledge with who are positive person of the knowledge as well in return I have learn new knowledge from them to help my poor community so please let us work together!
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
BS-III
NEUTRON STARS - UNIQUE COMPACT OBJECTS OF THEIR OWNIJRST Journal
This paper outlines the study of neutron stars right from the early
theoretical predictions and observations by various astrophysicists which
gradually aroused huge interests among the scientific community, to the
latest developments in the scientific analysis of the behavior of the different
categories of compact objects. Although white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown
dwarfs, Black Holes etc.fall under the category of compact objects, each of
them is unique in its own way.
A mildly relativistic wide-angle outflow in the neutron-star merger event GW1...Sérgio Sacani
GW170817 was the first gravitational wave detection of a binary
neutron-star merger1
. It was accompanied by radiation across the
electromagnetic spectrum and localized2
to the galaxy NGC 4993
at a distance of 40 megaparsecs. It has been proposed that the
observed γ-ray, X-ray and radio emission is due to an ultrarelativistic
jet launched during the merger, directed away from
our line of sight3–6. The presence of such a jet is predicted from
models that posit neutron-star mergers as the central engines
that drive short hard γ-ray bursts7,8
. Here we report that the radio
light curve of GW170817 has no direct signature of an off-axis
jet afterglow. Although we cannot rule out the existence of a jet
pointing elsewhere, the observed γ-rays could not have originated
from such a jet. Instead, the radio data require a mildly relativistic
wide-angle outflow moving towards us. This outflow could be the
high-velocity tail of the neutron-rich material dynamically ejected
during the merger or a cocoon of material that breaks out when a
jet transfers its energy to the dynamical ejecta. The cocoon model
explains the radio light curve of GW170817 as well as the γ-rays
and X-rays (possibly also ultraviolet and optical emission)9–15, and
is therefore the model most consistent with the observational data.
Cocoons may be a ubiquitous phenomenon produced in neutronstar
mergers, giving rise to a heretofore unidentified population of
radio, ultraviolet, X-ray and γ-ray transients in the local Universe
Lattice Energy LLC - Mystery of Nagaokas 1920s Gold Experiments - Why Did Wor...Lewis Larsen
In a recorded interview with fellow physicist Prof. John Wheeler in 1962, Nobel prize-winning Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa said that his colleague Hantaro Nagaoka in the 1930s was (quoting directly), “…“I think Professor Nagaoka was all powerful then among scientists … he had some very deep insight, although he did not work himself [at that point in his career] … Nagaoka was [the] President of Osaka University when I moved from Kyoto to Osaka. But he was at the same time President of the Academy; he was the greatest boss among all the scientists in Japan.”
Between September 1924 and June 1925, Nagaoka and his co-workers at RIKEN in Japan conducted some 200 experiments with high-current electric arc discharges between Tungsten electrodes immersed in liquid hydrocarbon transformer oil in which they detected successful transmutation of Tungsten into macroscopic, visible flecks of Gold and Platinum. In June 1925, Nagaoka went a world tour in which he spoke to scientific and lay audiences about their transmutation experiments in Japan and handed-out samples comprising small pieces of porcelain reactor vessels with tiny bits of adhering Gold that had been created therein. In July 1925, “Nature” published his Letter to the Editors in which he reported on their results and encouraged other scientists to try to repeat their provocative experiments.
Amazingly, as far as we can tell no one ever tried to repeat Nagaoka et al.’s landmark experiments. Even more incredibly, the entire area of inquiry involving electric discharge-triggered transmutations of elements essentially died-out worldwide by 1930 (Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 and transmutation via neutron-capture was first elucidated by Taylor in 1935). In this document, we explore some of the possible underlying reasons that may have caused this totally unexpected historical twist.
In 2004, Cirillo & Iorio (Italy) transmuted Tungsten into Rhenium, Osmium, and Gold in a modern, roughly equivalent version of Nagaoka’s electric arc discharge experiments. In 2012 at an American Nuclear Society meeting, using a very different type of gaseous D2 thin-film permeation experimental method it had pioneered in back 2002, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reported transmutation of implanted Tungsten targets into Osmium and Platinum.
Widom & Larsen theory of neutron-catalyzed low energy nuclear reactions (as published in the “European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields” - 2006 and in “Pramana – Journal of Physics” – 2010) both predicts and explains all of this earlier experimental transmutation data with Tungsten targets.
If a modern repetition of Nagaoka et al.’s 1920s experiments produced encouraging results, commercial transmutation of Gold might not be very far in the future. That said, as in many cases--- time will tell --- and as they say in Russia, “We shall live and we shall see.”
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, most complex experimental facility ever built, and the largest single machine in the world.
It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries, as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories.
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, a fundamental field of crucial importance to particle physics theory first suspected to exist in the 1960s and was discovered in 2012 in lhc.
Inside the accelerator, two high-energy particle beams travel at close to the speed of light before they are made to collide. The beams travel in opposite directions in separate beam pipes – two tubes kept at ultrahigh vacuum. They are guided around the accelerator ring by a strong magnetic field maintained by superconducting electromagnets.
The God Particle or God particle may refer to: Higgs boson, a particle in physics sometimes referred to as the God's Particle.
Dr. Paul LaViolette's Subquantum Kinetics is the second of the scientific theories we consider fundamental to understanding and applying New Energy -- limitless, cheap, clean energy from the quantum vacuum.
"NEWS: Finally the work of Fran De Aquino (on anti-gravity) gets its well-deserved international recognition. Recently he received an offer worth $600,000 from the United States Energy Department to continue his experiments with this department.
We have solid proof for the possibility to shield gravity and it comes from a guaranteed reliable source. The inventor of this technology is the physicist Fran De Aquino, who works at the Maranhao State University in Brazil and has been searching for the secret of anti-gravity for about 25 years. He now seems to have found the best and simplest solution that is easily reproducible and promising for many areas of everyday life.
The first successful experiment took place on 27th January 2000, in the physics department of the Maranhao State University in Brazil. The theoretical basis was published by Fran De Aquino under the name "Gravitation and Electromagnetism: Correlation and Grand Unification".
Now you can enjoy a journey into the land of featherlight aircraft and superluminal speeds, which from now on is no longer a fantasy." ―Graviflight, 2000s
de Aquino's patent: BRPI0805046A2 - "Gravity Control Cell"
“It’s a gravity motor. I have been successful in my research and have built a machine that creates more energy than it uses.” Carr explained he uses a simple storage battery' as the activator, and the machine is operated electrically. Discussing the UFOs, Carr noted “the point is, it is possible to power a craft magnetically and electrically. Levitation of such a craft is strictly a matter of electrical principle,” he said. The earth’s electrical charge is negative, and the atmosphere’s is positive, he said. “To levitate - go up - the object must have the same polarity as the ground.” Carr illustrated this by saying two magnets which are negative will rcpell each other, whereas a negative and a positive magnet will draw toward each other. “I don’t say the (UFO) craft are from somewhere else. I have proved in laboratory experiments that you can levitate a solid body electrically,” Carr said. In his own laboratory “I have been able to levitate aluminum objects”... ―UFOs Man-Made, Otis Carr Believes by Katherine Hatch
"Quartz Crystals Charged by High Frequency Currents Lose Their Weight" - The discovery was made about six weeks ago in a newly established central laboratory of the Nessartsaddin-Werke in Darredein, Poland, by Dr. Kowsky and Engineer Frost. ―Gravity Nullified, Science and Invention for September, 1927
It is better presentation where you find the real meaning of higgs boson at the end.I believe you will like the slides and the pictures which makes the presentation more simle and attractive.
Talk for the Bristol (UK) Festival of Ideas on similarities between everyday activities like crosswords, card games, and sports and the process of scientific discovery.
NEUTRON STARS - UNIQUE COMPACT OBJECTS OF THEIR OWNIJRST Journal
This paper outlines the study of neutron stars right from the early
theoretical predictions and observations by various astrophysicists which
gradually aroused huge interests among the scientific community, to the
latest developments in the scientific analysis of the behavior of the different
categories of compact objects. Although white dwarfs, neutron stars, brown
dwarfs, Black Holes etc.fall under the category of compact objects, each of
them is unique in its own way.
A mildly relativistic wide-angle outflow in the neutron-star merger event GW1...Sérgio Sacani
GW170817 was the first gravitational wave detection of a binary
neutron-star merger1
. It was accompanied by radiation across the
electromagnetic spectrum and localized2
to the galaxy NGC 4993
at a distance of 40 megaparsecs. It has been proposed that the
observed γ-ray, X-ray and radio emission is due to an ultrarelativistic
jet launched during the merger, directed away from
our line of sight3–6. The presence of such a jet is predicted from
models that posit neutron-star mergers as the central engines
that drive short hard γ-ray bursts7,8
. Here we report that the radio
light curve of GW170817 has no direct signature of an off-axis
jet afterglow. Although we cannot rule out the existence of a jet
pointing elsewhere, the observed γ-rays could not have originated
from such a jet. Instead, the radio data require a mildly relativistic
wide-angle outflow moving towards us. This outflow could be the
high-velocity tail of the neutron-rich material dynamically ejected
during the merger or a cocoon of material that breaks out when a
jet transfers its energy to the dynamical ejecta. The cocoon model
explains the radio light curve of GW170817 as well as the γ-rays
and X-rays (possibly also ultraviolet and optical emission)9–15, and
is therefore the model most consistent with the observational data.
Cocoons may be a ubiquitous phenomenon produced in neutronstar
mergers, giving rise to a heretofore unidentified population of
radio, ultraviolet, X-ray and γ-ray transients in the local Universe
Lattice Energy LLC - Mystery of Nagaokas 1920s Gold Experiments - Why Did Wor...Lewis Larsen
In a recorded interview with fellow physicist Prof. John Wheeler in 1962, Nobel prize-winning Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa said that his colleague Hantaro Nagaoka in the 1930s was (quoting directly), “…“I think Professor Nagaoka was all powerful then among scientists … he had some very deep insight, although he did not work himself [at that point in his career] … Nagaoka was [the] President of Osaka University when I moved from Kyoto to Osaka. But he was at the same time President of the Academy; he was the greatest boss among all the scientists in Japan.”
Between September 1924 and June 1925, Nagaoka and his co-workers at RIKEN in Japan conducted some 200 experiments with high-current electric arc discharges between Tungsten electrodes immersed in liquid hydrocarbon transformer oil in which they detected successful transmutation of Tungsten into macroscopic, visible flecks of Gold and Platinum. In June 1925, Nagaoka went a world tour in which he spoke to scientific and lay audiences about their transmutation experiments in Japan and handed-out samples comprising small pieces of porcelain reactor vessels with tiny bits of adhering Gold that had been created therein. In July 1925, “Nature” published his Letter to the Editors in which he reported on their results and encouraged other scientists to try to repeat their provocative experiments.
Amazingly, as far as we can tell no one ever tried to repeat Nagaoka et al.’s landmark experiments. Even more incredibly, the entire area of inquiry involving electric discharge-triggered transmutations of elements essentially died-out worldwide by 1930 (Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 and transmutation via neutron-capture was first elucidated by Taylor in 1935). In this document, we explore some of the possible underlying reasons that may have caused this totally unexpected historical twist.
In 2004, Cirillo & Iorio (Italy) transmuted Tungsten into Rhenium, Osmium, and Gold in a modern, roughly equivalent version of Nagaoka’s electric arc discharge experiments. In 2012 at an American Nuclear Society meeting, using a very different type of gaseous D2 thin-film permeation experimental method it had pioneered in back 2002, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reported transmutation of implanted Tungsten targets into Osmium and Platinum.
Widom & Larsen theory of neutron-catalyzed low energy nuclear reactions (as published in the “European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields” - 2006 and in “Pramana – Journal of Physics” – 2010) both predicts and explains all of this earlier experimental transmutation data with Tungsten targets.
If a modern repetition of Nagaoka et al.’s 1920s experiments produced encouraging results, commercial transmutation of Gold might not be very far in the future. That said, as in many cases--- time will tell --- and as they say in Russia, “We shall live and we shall see.”
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, most complex experimental facility ever built, and the largest single machine in the world.
It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries, as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories.
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, a fundamental field of crucial importance to particle physics theory first suspected to exist in the 1960s and was discovered in 2012 in lhc.
Inside the accelerator, two high-energy particle beams travel at close to the speed of light before they are made to collide. The beams travel in opposite directions in separate beam pipes – two tubes kept at ultrahigh vacuum. They are guided around the accelerator ring by a strong magnetic field maintained by superconducting electromagnets.
The God Particle or God particle may refer to: Higgs boson, a particle in physics sometimes referred to as the God's Particle.
Dr. Paul LaViolette's Subquantum Kinetics is the second of the scientific theories we consider fundamental to understanding and applying New Energy -- limitless, cheap, clean energy from the quantum vacuum.
"NEWS: Finally the work of Fran De Aquino (on anti-gravity) gets its well-deserved international recognition. Recently he received an offer worth $600,000 from the United States Energy Department to continue his experiments with this department.
We have solid proof for the possibility to shield gravity and it comes from a guaranteed reliable source. The inventor of this technology is the physicist Fran De Aquino, who works at the Maranhao State University in Brazil and has been searching for the secret of anti-gravity for about 25 years. He now seems to have found the best and simplest solution that is easily reproducible and promising for many areas of everyday life.
The first successful experiment took place on 27th January 2000, in the physics department of the Maranhao State University in Brazil. The theoretical basis was published by Fran De Aquino under the name "Gravitation and Electromagnetism: Correlation and Grand Unification".
Now you can enjoy a journey into the land of featherlight aircraft and superluminal speeds, which from now on is no longer a fantasy." ―Graviflight, 2000s
de Aquino's patent: BRPI0805046A2 - "Gravity Control Cell"
“It’s a gravity motor. I have been successful in my research and have built a machine that creates more energy than it uses.” Carr explained he uses a simple storage battery' as the activator, and the machine is operated electrically. Discussing the UFOs, Carr noted “the point is, it is possible to power a craft magnetically and electrically. Levitation of such a craft is strictly a matter of electrical principle,” he said. The earth’s electrical charge is negative, and the atmosphere’s is positive, he said. “To levitate - go up - the object must have the same polarity as the ground.” Carr illustrated this by saying two magnets which are negative will rcpell each other, whereas a negative and a positive magnet will draw toward each other. “I don’t say the (UFO) craft are from somewhere else. I have proved in laboratory experiments that you can levitate a solid body electrically,” Carr said. In his own laboratory “I have been able to levitate aluminum objects”... ―UFOs Man-Made, Otis Carr Believes by Katherine Hatch
"Quartz Crystals Charged by High Frequency Currents Lose Their Weight" - The discovery was made about six weeks ago in a newly established central laboratory of the Nessartsaddin-Werke in Darredein, Poland, by Dr. Kowsky and Engineer Frost. ―Gravity Nullified, Science and Invention for September, 1927
It is better presentation where you find the real meaning of higgs boson at the end.I believe you will like the slides and the pictures which makes the presentation more simle and attractive.
Talk for the Bristol (UK) Festival of Ideas on similarities between everyday activities like crosswords, card games, and sports and the process of scientific discovery.
The evolution of the atomic structure is a fascinating journey of discovery and understanding that spans several centuries. It involves the contributions of numerous scientists and experiments that have gradually shaped our current understanding of the atom. Here is a brief overview of the key milestones in the evolution of atomic structure
The evolution of atomic models spans thousands of years, reflecting humanity's deep-rooted curiosity to understand the fundamental building blocks of matter. This journey has seen remarkable advancements in scientific knowledge and has involved the contributions of many brilliant minds. Below is a concise overview of the major milestones in the evolution of atomic models:
1. Ancient Greek Philosophers:
Around 400 BCE, ancient Greek philosophers, such as Democritus and Leucippus, proposed the idea of the atom. They hypothesized that matter could be divided into indivisible particles called "atomos," meaning "uncuttable" in Greek. Although their ideas were philosophical in nature, they laid the conceptual foundation for the development of atomic theories.
2. Dalton's Atomic Theory (1803):
In the early 19th century, John Dalton formulated the first modern atomic theory. His model proposed that:
All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.
Atoms of the same element are identical in size, mass, and properties.
Atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, but no creation or destruction of atoms occurs.
3. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1897):
In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, a negatively charged subatomic particle, using cathode ray tube experiments. He proposed the Plum Pudding Model, which depicted the atom as a positively charged "pudding" with negatively charged electrons embedded throughout, similar to raisins in a plum pudding. This model implied that atoms were not indivisible as Dalton suggested.
4. Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911):
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford conducted the famous gold foil experiment, which involved bombarding gold foil with alpha particles. Some particles were deflected back, leading him to propose a new atomic model. Rutherford's model suggested that the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, with electrons orbiting around it. This model effectively introduced the concept of a nucleus and an empty space around it.
5. Bohr's Planetary Model (1913):
Building upon Rutherford's model, Niels Bohr proposed his planetary model of the atom in 1913. He suggested that electrons occupy specific energy levels or orbits around the nucleus. Electrons can jump between these orbits by gaining or losing energy, emitting or absorbing photons in the process. Bohr's model successfully explained the spectral lines of hydrogen but had limitations for more complex elements.
6. Quantum Mechanical Model (1920s and beyond):
In the 1920s, with the development of quantum mechanics, scientists like Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and Dirac formulated the modern quantum mechanical model of the atom. This model describes electrons as wave-like entities with uncertain positions and energies, represented by probability distributions known as orbitals. The quantum mechanical model successfully explained the behavior of electrons in atom
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
2. 12 2 Fusion Concepts
of fusion research was devoted to developing an understanding of these and related
instabilities, all belonging to a class to be known as Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
instabilities or macroscopic instabilities.
It was early recognized that plasma would rapidly leak out the ends of a linear
magnetic bottle unless something was done to “plug” the ends. One “solution”
already mentioned is the toroidal configuration (which has no “ends”). Another
“solution” emerged in the form of strengthening the magnetic field at either ends of
the linear configuration. This geometry came to be known as the “magnetic mirror”
configuration (Fig. 2.3) and was championed in the USA by Richard F. Post and
colleagues at the University of California’s Livermore Laboratory [7]. While mag-
netic mirrors have been largely written-off as fusion power plants, due to the still
rapid loss of plasma out the ends while controlling radial transport, there is still
belief in some quarters that they could experience a resurgence [8, 9]. If so, they
would have attractive power plant features, including simple geometry for mainte-
nance and the potential for more efficient energy conversion, e.g., avoidance of the
conventional heat-to-steam-to-electricity cycle.
Another early variant of the toroidal magnetic bottle was invented by Princeton
University astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer while riding the ski lifts in Aspen. He asked
himself how one might contain on Earth a plasma similar to that existing in stars. He
envisioned a magnetic configuration he called the “stellarator” since it was designed
to contain a man-made equivalent of a star on Earth. It was similar in some respects
to the toroidal pinch configuration but differed in that external magnets produced the
primary confining magnetic field rather than a current in the plasma. Even in this
case, however, the plasma had many surprises in store for the researchers.
Fig. 2.1 Linear pinch.
A current (red line) is driven
through a gas in a cylindrical
chamber, creating a plasma.
Currents have magnetic lines
of force surrounding them.
If the current is increased,
the magnetic force becomes
stronger, compressing and
heating the plasma (a). But if
a slight asymmetry develops,
the force becomes
unbalanced, resulting in a
“kink instability” (b), which
drives the plasma into the
wall of the chamber where it
is cooled and lost (US Atomic
Energy Commission; Amasa
Bishop, Project Sherwood,
Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 1958)
3. 13Magnetic Bottles
These, more subtle, types of plasma loss mechanisms in the stellarator geometry
came to be known as “microinstabilities” and are still the subject of active research.
The stellarator is still a promising configuration for fusion plasma confinement,
although the magnets needed to provide the magnetic field properties necessary to
suppress instabilities have become increasingly complex to manufacture. Figure 2.4
Fig. 2.2 Toroidal pinch.
Instabilities (not shown)
similar in nature to those
seen in linear pinches are
present also in toroidal
configurations (US Atomic
Energy Commission; Amasa
Bishop, Project Sherwood,
Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 1958)
Fig. 2.3 Magnetic mirror configuration: stronger magnetic field strength at ends hampers loss of
fusion plasma (US Atomic Energy Commission; Amasa Bishop, Project Sherwood, Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company, 1958)
4. 14 2 Fusion Concepts
shows a schematic of a modern stellarator with its complex magnet coils surround-
ing what is predicted to be a stable plasma.
As part of the Atoms for Peace initiatives of the late 1950s, and as scientists real-
ized the extreme complexity of plasma behavior in fusion experiments, the USA,
the UK, and the Soviet Union agreed to remove the veil of secrecy that had sur-
rounded their fusion research efforts and to present their research programs at the
Second United Nations Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,
in Geneva, in 1958. Thus began a spirit of friendly competition and cooperation
among fusion scientists worldwide that has lasted to the present day. At the Geneva
conference, the Soviets described experiments in which the toroidal pinch geometry
was supplemented by fields provided by external magnets. In some ways, the geom-
etry resembled a marrying of the pinch and stellarator ideas being studied separately
elsewhere. One version of this configuration that evolved during the 1960s was
called tokamak (from Russian words meaning toroidal magnetic chamber). By the
late 1960s, this configuration showed dramatic improvement in confining the plasma
compared to other geometries. A worldwide shift to this configuration began after
the 1968 fusion conference sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) in Novosibirsk. The tokamak configuration, shown schematically in Fig. 2.5,
now dominates world fusion research.
During the 1970s and 1980s, tokamaks capable of creating “near-breakeven” con-
ditions (in which the fusion energy released approximately equals the energy content
of the plasma) were constructed and successfully operated in the USA, Europe, and
Japan. The experience gained from these and other tokamaks around the world has
led to initiation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
being constructed in France as a joint venture of the European Union and six other
country partners and currently scheduled to begin operation about 2020.
Fig. 2.4 Schematic of W7X stellarator plasma and magnets under construction in Greifswald,
Germany. The complex shape of the plasma and magnet coils are believed necessary to provide the
desired stability and confinement of the plasma in a stellarator (Max-Planck-Institut fur
Plasmaphysik (IPP) in Greifswald)
5. 15Other Concepts
Inertial Confinement: Microexplosions
The invention of the laser in 1960 gave rise to a whole new approach to fusion called
“inertial confinement fusion.” The hydrogen bomb showed that fusion could be ini-
tiated by a sufficiently strong compressive force exerted on a small amount of fusion
fuel. In the case of the bomb, this force was provided by a fission-based atomic
bomb surrounding the fusion fuel. In the 1960s, scientists in and outside the weap-
ons laboratories began to speculate on whether a fusion reaction of practical interest
could be initiated by focusing a high-power laser on a small capsule containing
fusion fuel. A schematic of this process is shown in Fig. 2.6. Its pioneers compiled
a history in 2007 [10]. The early studies showed that, while inertial fusion was theo-
retically possible, lasers far beyond those available at the time would be required.
Larger and larger lasers were built during the 1970s and 1980s, culminating in
the National Ignition Facility (NIF), located at the Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory in California. This 192-beam laser, which began operation in mid-2009,
is designed to produce a net output of fusion energy compared to the laser energy
required to initiate the fusion reaction. A similar laser is under construction in
France, scheduled to be completed in 2014.
In addition to lasers, other forms of pulsed power (ion beams, z-pinch) are poten-
tial “drivers” for compressing fusion pellets and are being pursued, e.g., at Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and elsewhere.
Other Concepts
The plasma “likes” the “closed” magnetic field geometry of stellarator and tokamak
configurations, which provide relatively good plasma confinement. Unfortunately,
this physics advantage comes with an engineering disadvantage. The donut-shaped
Fig. 2.5 Schematic of tokamak magnetic configuration. Plasma current produces the magnetic
field Bq
shown surrounding the plasma, as in the pinch configuration, and magnet coils (not shown)
add an additional magnetic field Bf
around the torus
6. 16 2 Fusion Concepts
toroidal vessel has a hole in the center, which makes access difficult for mainte-
nance. Neutrons from the fusion reactions also converge inwards, so that materials
on the inner section of the vessel may have to be replaced frequently. The ideal
geometry for a fusion power plant, from an engineering and maintenance viewpoint,
would be one in which the vessel is cylindrical (or perhaps spherical) with the
plasma at the center so that all maintenance could be performed from the outer
periphery. Several configurations have been identified and studied with this prop-
erty, including the field reversed concept (FRC) (Fig. 2.7) and the Spheromak.
Several investigators are pursuing fusion concepts in which, using an FRC plasma
as a starting point, the FRC is manipulated in various ways, e.g., compressed, sus-
tained by beams, translated, and confined.
One of the most advanced concepts incorporating an FRC plasma is magnetized
target fusion (MTF), or magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), being pursued at the Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, General Fusion, and
elsewhere. In this concept, an FRC plasma is formed either in situ or translated in
space to a cylindrical chamber that is surrounded by a conducting shell that is then
imploded onto the plasma, compressing and heating it (Fig. 2.8). Of the MTF con-
cept, Freidberg notes [11] that it “offers a true alternative to conventional magnetic
fusion concepts, and in this context is certainly worth examining as a potential
source of fusion energy.” Other variations, similar to the FRC, include the sphero-
mak [12] and the use of an FRC to confine a beam of colliding ions [13] (See also
[14]). The private company TriAlpha in California is pursuing the latter.
The company EMC2, founded by Robert W. Bussard, is currently exploring
another concept, called inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC). IEC was originally
conceived by Philo T. Farnsworth, the inventor of television, and then pursued by
Robert L. Hirsch. Later, Bussard would become a major advocate of IEC. In addi-
tion to Bussard, aspects of IEC have also been explored by scientists, including
Nicholas Krall (consultant), George Miley (University of Illinois), and Gerald
Fig. 2.6 Schematic of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) using a laser or other driver. Energy
impinges on a capsule containing fusion fuel, and the resulting compression produces the high
density and temperature required to initiate fusion reactions (Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory)
7. 17Other Concepts
Kulcinski (University of Wisconsin). IEC has been shown to be a good point source
of fusion neutrons for some applications, but its scaling to fusion reactor conditions
is still uncertain.
While each of these “other” concepts has attractive power plant characteristics,
a “breakthrough” demonstration equivalent to the tokamak has eluded the advocates
of these concepts, at least in the small-scale experimental facilities available to
them. It remains to be seen whether the attractive features of these concepts can be
validated in future facilities. Unfortunately, with limited resources, government
managers of the world fusion programs have felt constrained to restrict funding for
these “alternate” (to the tokamak) concepts.
Fig. 2.7 Schematic of field reversed concept (FRC). This configuration combines the advantage
of having closed magnetic field lines (as in a torus) with the advantage of having a simpler linear
cylindrical vessel (as in a magnetic mirror) (Francis F. Chen, An Indispensable Truth, Springer)
Magnetized Target Fusion
Compressed to
thermonuclear
conditions
Preheated fuel
Plasma
Injector
Liner
Implosion
System
Fig. 2.8 In magnetized target fusion (MTF), a plasma is preheated slightly and injected into a
chamber; the walls of the chamber (“liner”) are then imploded inwards, compressing the plasma to
fusion conditions (Los Alamos National Laboratory)