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Scientific theory
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- 2. What is ascientific theory? For a scientific theory to be proven it starts with discovering an idea/s called hypothesis. When hypothesis or group of hypothesis has been proven by carrying out multiply tests and if there is a sufficient amount of evidence then this supports the idea of a scientific theory.
- 3. The big bangtheory
- 4. How did TheBig Bang Theory occur? Around 4.6 billion years ago, there were gigantic clouds of gas and dust floating throughout the milky-way. These clouds are known as nebula. However at one point, something maybe a shock wave of a nearby exploding supernova produced dust particles. The dust particles came together and forms a flat spinning disk of dust and gas. As this spinning disk collected more dust, the gravitational pull of it increased. The cloud held so much dust that it collapsed in on itself. When this happened the rotation of this cloud became faster and at the centre of the spinning cloud, a small star began to form. This star grew larger as it collected more of the dust and cloud that collapsed into it. Further away from the centre of the cloud from where the star was forming , there were smaller clouds of dust and gas which were forming. Nuclear fusions occur when hydrogen atoms fuse into helium. The star in the middle eventually became our sun (nuclear fusions occurred for the birth of the sun to happen) and the smaller clumps of dust and gas became planets, moons, minor planets, comets and asteroids.
- 5. DEVELOPMENT OF THEBIG BANG THEORY – hypothesis and testing • Firstly an hypothesis was predicted by Einstein in 1916 when he discovered that Gravitational waves give out ripples which was in the universe. • However to support Einstein's theory a news article reporter Bruce Kyle states that ‘Dr.Neil Comins, a professor astronomy and physics’ was testing and experiment called the ‘gravity-wave experiment’ which was going to identify gravitational waves from space. Doing this provides another way of seeing far away objects in space, ‘such as exploding stars and black holes which telescopes or antennas that can pick up light or radio waves’ • To support this experiment Newton's theory, states that when force is put on a object it ‘causes motion. ‘ • Einstein's ‘Theory of relativity’ explaining gravitation says that the fair amount of mass and energy and ‘increasing of the mass of a body’ is and ‘ increase in its velocity.’ • This experiment was proven by using a ‘gravity wave antenna ‘ which is invented by cutting the laser beam throughout the laser beam in middle and making them at right angles. Then when a wave hits the beam, one is shorter and the one becomes elongated. So then the both halves are reunited and merged back together and present the wave. • Although the whole experiment came to a conclusion that the waves was week even through there was a small amount of evidence to prove their was gravitational waves outside in the universe. • But how so a move of location and repeating the experiment again shows that ‘gravity waves are stars galaxies, black holes and exploding stars were detected by the gravitational wave.
- 6. Georges Lemaitre • Lemaitreworked on theoretical physics. He worked on figuring out solutions for equations of the General Relativity of the expansion of the universe. He seeked help from Russain Alaxander Friedmann in 1992 because he had the solutions to the mathematical equation of why universe was contracting and expanding. • He came up with the idea of a ‘primeval atom’ – expanding universe • No cosmologist was interested in his work because he has very little and not enough eveidence • • Other methods of how ‘The Big Bang’ came along • Models made by Einstein, Eddington of the earth and universe was made which didn’t work because the were unsuccessful due to temperature and density on the earth • Edwin Hubble Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding at a fast speed and that the ‘Milky Way were all moving away from us’. He use look into the Hubble telescope and note down what he saw everyday he explained how from his results that in the universe when you saw in a distance you could see cloud but those clouds are lights which turned out to be galaxies . He also discovered that future away a galaxy is from earth the quicker it moves away. So this explains the more it is further away the more the universe keeps expanding. •
- 7. 2014 developing infuther research about the ‘The Big Bang’ • A news article from the BBC has recently found out that there is a signal in the sky near universe which is expanding which occur right after The Big Bang happened . • An American team called BICEP2 are working on it • They are investigating to find a ‘residual marker for inflation.’ • When finding inflation it linked with gravitational energy • The team have found the signal which is called mode • The characteristics of the signal is just like cosmic microwave background ‘Gravitational waves from inflation with twisted pattern
- 8. Bibliography: http://gizmodo.com/astronomers-discover-first-direct-proof-of-the-big-bang-1545525927 (online website,accessed 02/10/15) http:// news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19870917&id=SalJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RA4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5923,4650187 (online news article, accessed: 02/10/14) http://gizmodo.com/astronomers-discover-first-direct-proof-of-the-big-bang-1545525927 ((online website, accessed 02/10/15) http:// news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19870917&id=SalJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RA4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5923,4650187 (online news article, accessed: 02/10/14) http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/cosmic/p_lemaitre.html (online website, accessed 02/10/15) http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/edwin_hubble.php (online website, accessed 02/10/15)