Sea level rise
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This document discusses factors that contribute to sea level change, including ocean processes, glaciers and ice caps, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, interactions between ice sheets and sea level and solid earth, and surface and groundwater storage. Ocean processes like thermal expansion from warming water temperatures affect sea level rise. Glaciers and ice sheets lose mass through melting and discharge, with the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets containing enough water to raise sea levels almost 70 meters. Ice sheet responses to climate change occur over timescales of hundreds to thousands of years. Surface water storage in lakes and groundwater, and human activities also impact sea level variations.
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The document discusses how water and air affect weather. It describes 4 key processes:
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2. Precipitation - when water vapor condenses and falls as rain, snow, or other forms due to saturation.
3. Storage - water is stored in places like oceans, icebergs, and lakes throughout the water cycle.
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Sea level changes
Sea level change can occur through two main processes: isostatic and eustatic. Isostatic changes are local and caused by land height changes, while eustatic changes are global and caused by ocean water volume changes. During ice ages, water is stored in glaciers causing eustatic sea levels to drop; melting then causes levels to rise. Coastlines can emerge from isostatic uplift or submerge through subsidence. Emergent coasts may have raised beaches and cliffs, while rias and fjords form in submerged areas. Sea level changes impact coastal ecosystems and infrastructure through flooding and erosion.
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Global warming is causing sea levels to rise faster than ever before due to melting ice sheets and glaciers. Over the last 100 years, sea levels have risen approximately 12-22 cm and are predicted to continue rising throughout the 21st century. Contributors to sea level rise include thermal expansion of oceans as they warm, and melting of glaciers and ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Management strategies to deal with rising seas include reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow warming, coastal defenses, and proposals to transfer large amounts of water from oceans to land storage.
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Sea levels are rising due to multiple factors related to climate change. Thermal expansion caused by warming oceans, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and land ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica are leading to higher sea levels. This poses risks like coastal flooding, erosion, habitat loss, and saline intrusion. Adaptation strategies include protecting coasts through barriers, accommodating the rise through elevated structures, retreating to safer areas, and attacking the problem through land reclamation. Reducing carbon emissions to mitigate further global warming is key to reducing future sea level increases.
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The document discusses how water and air affect weather. It describes 4 key processes:
1. Evaporation and condensation - how water moves from liquid to gas and back in the atmosphere.
2. Precipitation - when water vapor condenses and falls as rain, snow, or other forms due to saturation.
3. Storage - water is stored in places like oceans, icebergs, and lakes throughout the water cycle.
4. Factors like temperature, water vapor, and elevation affect air pressure and pressure differences, which in turn impact weather patterns like sea breezes and land breezes as the land and ocean heat up differently.
Global Climate Change- THE EFFECTS
Global climate change is caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the sun and warm the planet. There is physical evidence of climate change from rising temperatures recorded since the 1920s, retreating glaciers, decreasing Arctic sea ice, and changes in vegetation and animal populations due to warming. Climate change has also been linked to the collapse of past civilizations through archaeological and historical records.
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Sea level change can occur through two main processes: isostatic and eustatic. Isostatic changes are local and caused by land height changes, while eustatic changes are global and caused by ocean water volume changes. During ice ages, water is stored in glaciers causing eustatic sea levels to drop; melting then causes levels to rise. Coastlines can emerge from isostatic uplift or submerge through subsidence. Emergent coasts may have raised beaches and cliffs, while rias and fjords form in submerged areas. Sea level changes impact coastal ecosystems and infrastructure through flooding and erosion.
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Global warming is causing sea levels to rise faster than ever before due to melting ice sheets and glaciers. Over the last 100 years, sea levels have risen approximately 12-22 cm and are predicted to continue rising throughout the 21st century. Contributors to sea level rise include thermal expansion of oceans as they warm, and melting of glaciers and ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Management strategies to deal with rising seas include reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow warming, coastal defenses, and proposals to transfer large amounts of water from oceans to land storage.
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Sea levels are rising due to multiple factors related to climate change. Thermal expansion caused by warming oceans, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and land ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica are leading to higher sea levels. This poses risks like coastal flooding, erosion, habitat loss, and saline intrusion. Adaptation strategies include protecting coasts through barriers, accommodating the rise through elevated structures, retreating to safer areas, and attacking the problem through land reclamation. Reducing carbon emissions to mitigate further global warming is key to reducing future sea level increases.
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Climate change is a variation in weather patterns over decades to millions of years caused by factors like biotic processes, solar radiation, plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions and human interference. The document discusses the global implications of climate change such as increasing average global temperatures by 2 to 11.5 degrees F by 2100 depending on greenhouse gas emissions. Other implications are changes in precipitation patterns, loss of sea ice, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. Global sea level has risen about 8 inches since 1870 and is projected to rise faster than the past 50 years.
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Sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by increased greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is resulting from thermal expansion of oceans as well as melting of large ice masses like glaciers and ice sheets. The IPCC estimated in 2006 that sea levels could rise 40 cm by 2100 due to various contributions. However, more recent data shows Arctic and Greenland ice melting faster than predicted, indicating sea level rise may be closer to the higher end of IPCC estimates or even higher. Rising seas pose serious threats such as coastal flooding and erosion, wetland loss, and damage to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Low-lying coastal areas are especially at risk.
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Sea level changes over geological timescales are reconstructed using a wide range of techniques. Relative sea level rises are indicated by submerged coastal features, while falls are shown by raised beaches and shorelines. Oxygen isotope records from ocean sediments also reveal changes in global sea level during the Quaternary period, with average sea levels 50-60m lower during glacial periods. More recently, sea levels rose rapidly following the last glacial maximum but have been relatively stable over the past 5,000-6,000 years. Future sea level rise is projected to have significant environmental and economic impacts through coastal flooding and erosion.
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The document discusses how the ocean affects climate through various mechanisms:
1) It regulates global temperature by storing and transporting heat around the globe via currents and influences wind and precipitation patterns.
2) Ocean currents stabilize climate in coastal regions and bring nutrients to marine environments.
3) The ocean cycles gases by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
4) Human activities like greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes are altering the climate system.
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The document discusses the effects of melting glaciers across different regions of the world. It notes that glaciers are melting rapidly in the Arctic, North America, South America, Asia, and Africa. This is causing issues like freshwater shortages, reduced hydroelectric power production, decreased agricultural output, excessive flooding, and habitat loss for animals dependent on glaciers. Rising sea levels are also exacerbating risks for small island nations and coastal ecosystems like coral reefs. The Gangotri Glacier in particular is described as retreating at an average rate of over 27 meters per year between 1935-1990.
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The document summarizes how the atmosphere and ocean affect each other through heat and moisture exchange. The ocean receives heat from the sun unevenly, affecting global wind and ocean currents. Seasonal changes are caused by the sun's uneven heating of the Earth over the year. Water evaporating from the ocean rises into the atmosphere. Atmospheric properties like composition, temperature, density, pressure, and movement drive weather patterns and ocean currents. The Coriolis effect impacts hurricanes and coastal winds. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause the greenhouse effect and global warming, which can be reduced by human actions. The ocean plays a role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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Sea levels are rising due to global warming caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels. This is occurring through two main processes: 1) the oceans are warming and expanding as they absorb more heat, and 2) land ice such as glaciers and ice sheets are melting and adding water to the oceans. If warming continues on its current trajectory, sea levels could rise several more meters by 2100, significantly flooding many coastal cities and populations. This will have devastating environmental, economic, and social impacts around the world, especially in highly vulnerable areas like South Florida, Bangladesh, and small island nations.
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Glaciers are large masses of snow and ice that accumulate over time under their own weight and slowly flow outward. They are formed from accumulating snow, and their lower layers crack as they move due to their great size and weight. It is normal for glaciers to melt gradually as temperatures rise, but many glaciers today are melting faster than snow can replenish them, reducing their sizes and contributing to rising sea levels. There are different types of glaciers including alpine, continental, and valley glaciers.
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Global warming
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, where gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere, causing average air temperatures near the Earth's surface to increase over the past two centuries. If carbon dioxide emissions continue, global temperatures could rise 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100, melting Arctic ice and raising sea levels by 2 meters. This would flood coastal lands and disrupt rainfall patterns, causing both droughts and floods while destroying habitats and threatening many species with extinction. Solutions are needed to address the problems caused by the rising temperatures associated with global warming.
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Rising sea levels are caused by global warming melting ice caps and icebergs, and increased greenhouse gas pollution. This affects animal habitats in polar regions. Coastlines will change as some areas are submerged, affecting tourism industries in coastal regions. Solutions include reducing pollution through sustainable practices, developing floating hotels, and building dikes, though dikes may be overcome by rising seas. Collective action is needed to curb global warming to mitigate sea level rise and its impacts.
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Global warming refers to the rise in average temperatures around the world due to higher concentrations of greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the lower atmosphere. Key effects include melting glaciers and sea level rise, more extreme weather, and threats to ecosystems. While some warming is natural, human activities like burning fossil fuels are amplifying the greenhouse effect and driving unprecedented changes. Various natural and human factors influence climate both directly and through complex feedback loops.
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Puget Sound is feeling the heat! Starting in October, temperatures are the highest on our record since 1989. Salinity and oxygen are much lower. Recent rains have rivers flowing high. Aerial views show dramatic sediment loads from rivers mixing into otherwise blue water. But don’t be fooled – by summer, snow-fed rivers are expected to run significantly below normal, with implications for Puget Sound water quality. For details, explore the special Drought Effects segment. Spring blooms are visible only in some confined bays. Jellyfish are going strong in finger inlets of South Sound. Glimpse Puget Sound’s glacial history.
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Global warming is occurring as evidenced by rising sea levels and shrinking ice sheets. Between 2005 and 2007, the ice sheets shrank from 5.3 million to 4.1 million, demonstrating the rapid melting of ice and rising heat. To help address global warming, individuals should reduce their energy usage by using more efficient light bulbs, cleaning heating and cooling systems, and only running appliances like dishwashers and washing machines when full to lessen energy waste.
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Societal and environmental effects of sea level rise are among the major impacts of climate change. Rapid local sea level (LSL) changes exceeding by far those experienced over the last 6,000 years can not be excluded, not even for the next few decades. Such changes pose an unparalleled threat to humanity. In case of an onset of rapid LSL rise, "early warnings" are needed to mitigate the impact of such a low-probability, high-impact event. We are developing a demonstrator for interannual LSL forecasts, which is implemented as a semi-operational system model using as far as possible on existing model components. LSL is the output of many Earth system processes acting on global to local spatial scale, and including mass relocation and exchange between ice sheets, glaciers, land water storage, and oceans; deformation of the solid Earth and gravity-field changes caused by the mass relocation; changes in ocean heat storage and ocean currents; changes in atmospheric circulation; tectonic processes; and natural and anthropogenic local coastal subsidence. Modules of the system model include global models; regional models for steric effects; local models for vertical land motion; and physical models to convert global processes into local effects. Initially, some of the modules are weakly coupled and based on input from complex models (both internal and external), while other modules are networked locally. The modular nature of the system allows improvements of individual modules, thus enabling rapid integration of advances within modules. Assimilation of observations on global to local scales provide additional constrains. The system model ensures global consistency for key Earth system parameters, such as mass and momentum conservation. Although many scientific issues need to be addressed before reliable forecasting is achieved, it is important to start forecasting as soon as possible to further assess the forecasting capabilities.More Related Content
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New Jersey has experienced significant climate change over the past century, with rising temperatures, increased precipitation, more extreme weather, and rising sea levels. The sea level along the New Jersey coast has risen about 1.5 inches per decade over the past 100 years, nearly twice the global average. By 2100, 1-3% of New Jersey's coastline is projected to be lost to rising seas and 6.5-9% of the coastal area will experience occasional flooding. New Jersey is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise due to factors causing increased erosion and land subsidence.
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Climate change is a variation in weather patterns over decades to millions of years caused by factors like biotic processes, solar radiation, plate tectonics, volcanic eruptions and human interference. The document discusses the global implications of climate change such as increasing average global temperatures by 2 to 11.5 degrees F by 2100 depending on greenhouse gas emissions. Other implications are changes in precipitation patterns, loss of sea ice, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. Global sea level has risen about 8 inches since 1870 and is projected to rise faster than the past 50 years.
Sea level rise tam 2014-03
Sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by increased greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is resulting from thermal expansion of oceans as well as melting of large ice masses like glaciers and ice sheets. The IPCC estimated in 2006 that sea levels could rise 40 cm by 2100 due to various contributions. However, more recent data shows Arctic and Greenland ice melting faster than predicted, indicating sea level rise may be closer to the higher end of IPCC estimates or even higher. Rising seas pose serious threats such as coastal flooding and erosion, wetland loss, and damage to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Low-lying coastal areas are especially at risk.
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Sea level changes over geological timescales are reconstructed using a wide range of techniques. Relative sea level rises are indicated by submerged coastal features, while falls are shown by raised beaches and shorelines. Oxygen isotope records from ocean sediments also reveal changes in global sea level during the Quaternary period, with average sea levels 50-60m lower during glacial periods. More recently, sea levels rose rapidly following the last glacial maximum but have been relatively stable over the past 5,000-6,000 years. Future sea level rise is projected to have significant environmental and economic impacts through coastal flooding and erosion.
Unit 2 Sources of Sea Level Rise
PowerPoint presentation with information about sources of sea level rise. This is intended to supplement an in class group discussion.
Effects of melting glaciers
Glacial melting contributes significantly to various global issues. As glaciers shrink due to climate change, they no longer help regulate the planet's temperature and provide fresh water. This leads to fresh water shortages, reduced agricultural production, electricity shortages from lack of hydroelectric power, excessive flooding, sea level rise that displaces coastal communities and destroys habitats, and the release of toxic pollutants that were stored in glacial ice. If glacial melting continues unabated, its effects will further exacerbate climate change in a dangerous feedback loop.
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The document discusses water resources and the hydrological cycle. It begins by defining the hydrological cycle and discussing its major processes. It then explains that water exists in three forms - solid, liquid, and gas - due to climatic variations. Water is essential for life but must be preserved and used carefully. The document further analyzes the hydrological cycle and how water circulates between the oceans, atmosphere, and land in vapor, liquid, and solid forms. It also notes that while water is abundant globally, freshwater availability does not always meet demand.
Ocean atmosphere interactions
The document discusses how the ocean affects climate through various mechanisms:
1) It regulates global temperature by storing and transporting heat around the globe via currents and influences wind and precipitation patterns.
2) Ocean currents stabilize climate in coastal regions and bring nutrients to marine environments.
3) The ocean cycles gases by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
4) Human activities like greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes are altering the climate system.
Glacier Melting
The document discusses the effects of melting glaciers across different regions of the world. It notes that glaciers are melting rapidly in the Arctic, North America, South America, Asia, and Africa. This is causing issues like freshwater shortages, reduced hydroelectric power production, decreased agricultural output, excessive flooding, and habitat loss for animals dependent on glaciers. Rising sea levels are also exacerbating risks for small island nations and coastal ecosystems like coral reefs. The Gangotri Glacier in particular is described as retreating at an average rate of over 27 meters per year between 1935-1990.
Air sea interaction
The document summarizes how the atmosphere and ocean affect each other through heat and moisture exchange. The ocean receives heat from the sun unevenly, affecting global wind and ocean currents. Seasonal changes are caused by the sun's uneven heating of the Earth over the year. Water evaporating from the ocean rises into the atmosphere. Atmospheric properties like composition, temperature, density, pressure, and movement drive weather patterns and ocean currents. The Coriolis effect impacts hurricanes and coastal winds. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause the greenhouse effect and global warming, which can be reduced by human actions. The ocean plays a role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Sea level rise
Sea levels are rising due to global warming caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels. This is occurring through two main processes: 1) the oceans are warming and expanding as they absorb more heat, and 2) land ice such as glaciers and ice sheets are melting and adding water to the oceans. If warming continues on its current trajectory, sea levels could rise several more meters by 2100, significantly flooding many coastal cities and populations. This will have devastating environmental, economic, and social impacts around the world, especially in highly vulnerable areas like South Florida, Bangladesh, and small island nations.
Melting Of Glaciers By Smita & Shruti
Glaciers are large masses of snow and ice that accumulate over time under their own weight and slowly flow outward. They are formed from accumulating snow, and their lower layers crack as they move due to their great size and weight. It is normal for glaciers to melt gradually as temperatures rise, but many glaciers today are melting faster than snow can replenish them, reducing their sizes and contributing to rising sea levels. There are different types of glaciers including alpine, continental, and valley glaciers.
Climate change in pakistan
Climate change is expected to have wide-reaching effects on Pakistan through more frequent extreme weather events like floods, droughts, glacial lake bursts, cyclones and heat waves. These extreme events have already taken a heavy toll on lives and property in Pakistan and have adversely impacted its economic growth. However, Pakistan contributes very little to global greenhouse gas emissions, less than 1% of the total, which is among the lowest in the world.
Global warming
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, where gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere, causing average air temperatures near the Earth's surface to increase over the past two centuries. If carbon dioxide emissions continue, global temperatures could rise 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100, melting Arctic ice and raising sea levels by 2 meters. This would flood coastal lands and disrupt rainfall patterns, causing both droughts and floods while destroying habitats and threatening many species with extinction. Solutions are needed to address the problems caused by the rising temperatures associated with global warming.
RISING SEA LEVELS
Rising sea levels are caused by global warming melting ice caps and icebergs, and increased greenhouse gas pollution. This affects animal habitats in polar regions. Coastlines will change as some areas are submerged, affecting tourism industries in coastal regions. Solutions include reducing pollution through sustainable practices, developing floating hotels, and building dikes, though dikes may be overcome by rising seas. Collective action is needed to curb global warming to mitigate sea level rise and its impacts.
Sea level rise
Presentation given during the kick-off of the TU Delft Climate Institute on March 1st 2012. Sea level rise is one of the reserach topics of the new institute. Dr Bert Vermeersen explained why.
Sahil rajput
The document discusses the key elements of climate including temperature, air pressure, winds, humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. It defines climate as the weather conditions over a large area for a longer period of time, while weather refers to the atmospheric conditions of an area at a specific point in time. The climate of India is described as a monsoon type climate influenced by its location near the equator and surrounding water bodies, as well as features like mountains and the Himalayas.
Global warming zagidullina_veselova
Global warming refers to the rise in average temperatures around the world due to higher concentrations of greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the lower atmosphere. Key effects include melting glaciers and sea level rise, more extreme weather, and threats to ecosystems. While some warming is natural, human activities like burning fossil fuels are amplifying the greenhouse effect and driving unprecedented changes. Various natural and human factors influence climate both directly and through complex feedback loops.
Water, Hydrogen Bonds, and the Hydrologic Cycle
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that are covalently bonded together into polar molecules. The polarity of water molecules allows them to form hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules, giving water its unique properties. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for water's high boiling point, its ability to absorb large amounts of heat, and why ice floats on liquid water. The hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of Earth, including processes such as evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
Eops 2015 3_24
Puget Sound is feeling the heat! Starting in October, temperatures are the highest on our record since 1989. Salinity and oxygen are much lower. Recent rains have rivers flowing high. Aerial views show dramatic sediment loads from rivers mixing into otherwise blue water. But don’t be fooled – by summer, snow-fed rivers are expected to run significantly below normal, with implications for Puget Sound water quality. For details, explore the special Drought Effects segment. Spring blooms are visible only in some confined bays. Jellyfish are going strong in finger inlets of South Sound. Glimpse Puget Sound’s glacial history.
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Global warming is occurring as evidenced by rising sea levels and shrinking ice sheets. Between 2005 and 2007, the ice sheets shrank from 5.3 million to 4.1 million, demonstrating the rapid melting of ice and rising heat. To help address global warming, individuals should reduce their energy usage by using more efficient light bulbs, cleaning heating and cooling systems, and only running appliances like dishwashers and washing machines when full to lessen energy waste.
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Societal and environmental effects of sea level rise are among the major impacts of climate change. Rapid local sea level (LSL) changes exceeding by far those experienced over the last 6,000 years can not be excluded, not even for the next few decades. Such changes pose an unparalleled threat to humanity. In case of an onset of rapid LSL rise, "early warnings" are needed to mitigate the impact of such a low-probability, high-impact event. We are developing a demonstrator for interannual LSL forecasts, which is implemented as a semi-operational system model using as far as possible on existing model components. LSL is the output of many Earth system processes acting on global to local spatial scale, and including mass relocation and exchange between ice sheets, glaciers, land water storage, and oceans; deformation of the solid Earth and gravity-field changes caused by the mass relocation; changes in ocean heat storage and ocean currents; changes in atmospheric circulation; tectonic processes; and natural and anthropogenic local coastal subsidence. Modules of the system model include global models; regional models for steric effects; local models for vertical land motion; and physical models to convert global processes into local effects. Initially, some of the modules are weakly coupled and based on input from complex models (both internal and external), while other modules are networked locally. The modular nature of the system allows improvements of individual modules, thus enabling rapid integration of advances within modules. Assimilation of observations on global to local scales provide additional constrains. The system model ensures global consistency for key Earth system parameters, such as mass and momentum conservation. Although many scientific issues need to be addressed before reliable forecasting is achieved, it is important to start forecasting as soon as possible to further assess the forecasting capabilities.Relative sea level changes and vulnerability on the cordillera nature reserve
This document outlines a proposed study to analyze relative sea-level changes and vulnerability at the Cordillera Nature Reserve in Puerto Rico. The study aims to 1) determine trends in relative sea-level changes at four sites, 2) assess the impact on shorelines, 3) correlate findings with sea-level data from nearby areas, and 4) evaluate vulnerability based on geomorphology, waves, and slopes. The methodology will analyze aerial photos, satellite imagery, and tide gauge data to measure shoreline changes over time and assess vulnerability. The goals are to predict ecological impacts, inform conservation strategies, and educate the public about sea-level rise threats.
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Sea Level Change and Coastal Hazards in Washington
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in weather patterns over long periods of time. It is caused by both natural factors and human activities like burning fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases. Evidence of climate change includes rising global temperatures, shrinking glaciers, earlier flowering times, more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. If emissions continue, the IPCC predicts increases in global temperatures between 1-3 degrees Celsius which will have both beneficial and harmful effects worldwide.
Management Of Environmental Disasters.pptx
Sea levels are rising due to various factors related to climate change such as ocean warming causing thermal expansion of water, melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and ice loss from Greenland and West Antarctica. This is resulting in impacts like wetland loss, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion contaminating agriculture and freshwater, and loss of habitats. To address this, the IPCC recommends strategies like protecting coastal areas, encouraging integrated coastal management, and developing adaptation and mitigation techniques. Potential adaptations include hard protections like seawalls, soft protections, retreating inland, and accommodating sea level rise through things like elevated structures.
Permafrost (from perma- 'permanent', and frost)
Permafrost (from perma- 'permanent', and frost) is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two years or more: the oldest permafrost had been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years.
DOES CLIMATIC CHANGE TRIGGERS NATURAL DISASTER ?
It explains about how climatic changes are inducing natural disaster. It contains a series of climatic changes, which ultimately results in disasters. Enjoy the facts and info.
sea level changes and coastal geology.pptx
Coastal environments are the interface between the atmosphere, ocean, and land. The coastal zone refers to the area influenced by proximity to the coast, and includes three main zones: the offshore zone where sediment transport by waves is minimal, the littoral zone where sediment transport occurs, and the shore/beach area exposed to wave action. Coastal geology and lithology influence the landscape, with hard rocks forming rugged terrain and soft rocks like sand and gravel creating flatter areas. Sea level rise has numerous causes, including ocean warming from climate change, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and human activities like greenhouse gas emissions since the industrial revolution. Rising seas lead to coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat loss, and
Is the end near
The document discusses evidence that climate change is occurring due to human activity, including rising sea levels, higher global temperatures, declining Arctic sea ice, and increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Key data points are presented showing increases in global temperature, CO2 levels, sea level rise, and decreases in Arctic sea ice extent over recent decades. The future impacts of climate change after 2100 are uncertain but could include extreme heat, changes to the oceans and sea life, and Earth may become largely uninhabitable for humans.
Untitled presentation.pptx
Melting glaciers and ice caps, combined with the expansion of warming ocean waters, has caused global sea levels to rise between four and eight inches in the past century. The burning of fossil fuels has released greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in the atmosphere and oceans. Evidence of warming is seen everywhere as glaciers recede rapidly and Arctic sea ice thins. The ocean has absorbed over 90% of the excess heat from greenhouse gases, warming the water and contributing to sea level rise, extreme weather, coral bleaching, and species migrating to cooler waters.
Global Warming
Global warming is causing various hazards around the world. These include increased droughts, wildfires, hurricanes, sea level rise, glacier retreat, and permafrost degradation. As temperatures rise, precipitation patterns are changing which impacts stream runoff, snowpack levels, and increases the risk of dust bowl conditions. Warmer ocean temperatures can fuel more intense hurricanes, while melting ice sheets contribute to accelerated sea level rise threatening coastal and low-lying areas with greater erosion and subsidence. Multiple climate change impacts may interact in vulnerable regions like coral reefs and coastal wetlands.
Climate change and global warming
Climate change is defined as long-term shifts in weather patterns over decades or longer. It is caused by both natural factors like ocean currents and human factors like burning fossil fuels. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels as glaciers and ice caps melt, more severe weather events, and harm to ecosystems. Global warming is a specific result of climate change where the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans increase due to greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation exacerbates global warming by reducing carbon absorption and increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Continued climate change will have widespread environmental, social, and economic impacts.
OCEANS and the effect on climate change.ppt
The document discusses how oceans affect climate through heat transfer via ocean currents. The thermohaline circulation moves warm water poleward and cold water to the equator, regulating global climate. Rising CO2 levels acidify the oceans, harming marine life and reducing the oceans' ability to absorb more carbon. Climate change is causing sea level rise, melting ice caps, and increasing ocean temperatures and acidity, threatening coastal areas and coral reefs.
Climate change and polar regions
The effect of human ecological footprint is not only limited to tropical and temperate regions but we can also see climate changes in polar regions despite the fact that there is very less human interference but still the consequences are disastrous.
Sea level rise and it's causes,Effects and mitigation
Sea level rise is caused by three main factors: thermal expansion as oceans warm, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and the loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica. This causes coastal erosion, more dangerous storm surges, flooding in coastal areas, and the destruction of habitats like mangroves and coral reefs. While temporary barriers and building structures can help minimize local damage, the most effective mitigation is reducing carbon emissions to limit global warming and further sea level increases.
Oceans 2014 (1)
The document summarizes key concepts in oceanography, including:
1) The ocean covers 71% of the Earth's surface and is divided into four major basins. It contains 97% of the planet's water and influences climate regulation, oxygen production, and heat storage.
2) Ocean currents are driven by prevailing winds and the Coriolis effect, forming surface gyres and deep circulation currents. The global ocean conveyor belt involves sinking of dense water masses.
3) Ocean properties vary with depth, forming three layers - a warm mixed surface layer, a thermocline of rapid temperature drop, and cold deep water below. Temperature, salinity, and pressure interact to influence ocean density stratification.
Climate and its effects on soil
Climate affects soil formation over long periods of time through factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, and solar radiation. Temperature and rainfall particularly influence soil processes, with high temperatures speeding up organic matter decomposition and rainfall impacting soil pH, runoff, and organic matter levels. Climate change is expected to alter temperature and rainfall patterns, disrupting nutrient cycling in soils and their ability to support plant life and sequester carbon.
Climate change impact on Hydrology
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on hydrology. It begins by providing background on hydrology and defines it as the study of the movement of water through different reservoirs on Earth. It then discusses how climate change affects the global hydrological cycle by accelerating evaporation and precipitation patterns, which increases flooding and drought risks. Specific impacts discussed include increased heavy rainfall and droughts, sea level rise, disruptions to ocean currents, more toxic algal blooms, stress on coral reefs, and increased storm intensity. The document also covers the use of remote sensing, GIS, digital elevation models, and hydrological models to study these climate change impacts on water resources.
Global Warming Impact.pptx
This project has been made by me, and this is giving detailed information about the impacts of global warming, its diadvantages, etc.
Climate change and aspects of earth system
The document discusses the Earth system and its interactions. It is comprised of five spheres: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and cryosphere. Each sphere interacts with the others in complex ways. For example, the water cycle moves water between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. The carbon cycle also exchanges carbon between these spheres, and human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased carbon dioxide levels and acidified oceans. Understanding the interactions within the Earth system is important for studying climate change.
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
Symposium on Sea Level Rise in Southeast Asia
23 October 2019, Singapore
Ko Barrett and Gregory Flato
Monitoring and Control Technologies to Assess Climate Change and Rising Sea L...
Monitoring and Control Technologies to Assess Climate Change and Rising Sea L...Loay Ghazaleh MBA, BSc Civil Eng.
Warming is believed to be caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well a probable expansion of subtropical deserts.Global Warming
The presentation analyses the causative factors, phenomenon and effects of global warming and tries to find answers to this perplexing problem facing mankind
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Sea level rise and it's causes,Effects and mitigation
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原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsbordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingRecently uploaded (20)
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sea level rise
- 1. Presented by: Mohd. Imran Sea Level Rise
- 2. Introduction Factors Contributing to Sea Level Change ◦ Ocean Processes ◦ Glaciers and Ice Caps ◦ Green Land and Antarctic Ice Sheets ◦ Interaction of Ice Sheets, Sea Level and Solid Earth ◦ Surface and Ground Water Storage Permafrost Content
- 3. Introduction Important consequences for climate change Sea level varies due to changes operating on seconds to millions of years Mean Sea Level Eustatic Sea Level Sea Level Changes are non uniform geographically
- 4. Ocean Processes Interaction of atmospheric pressure and air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat and fresh water This allows the water masses into the ocean interior It affects density (decreases due to warm water) Results in thermal expansion Expansion due to water at higher temperature or under greater pressure (i.e., at greater depth) for a given heat input affects the global average expansion
- 5. Ocean Processes… Salinity changes within the ocean have little effect on global average sea level change.
- 6. Glaciers and Ice Caps Mass balance ◦ A glacier, ice cap or ice sheet gains mass by accumulation of snow ◦ Loses mass mainly by melting at the surface Insufficient measurements to determine the mass balance Mass balance as a function of climate using mass balance sensitivity is used Sensitive to temperature and precipitation change
- 7. Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets At present these sheets contain enough water to raise sea level by almost 70 m The average annual solid precipitation falling onto the ice sheets is equivalent to 6.5 mm of sea level Antarctic sheets ◦ Low temperatures ◦ No surface runoff the ice sheet mainly loses mass by ice discharge into floating ice shelves, which experience melting and freezing at their underside and eventually break up to form icebergs
- 8. Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets… Greenland Ice sheets ◦ High summer temperatures ◦ Widespread melting which accounts for about half of the ice loss, the remainder being discharged as icebergs or into small ice-shelves. Ice discharge response time is of the order of 100 to 104 years
- 9. Ice sheets, Sea Level and Solid Earth Time scale of 103 to 105 years Glacio-hydro-isostatic effects
- 10. Surface and Ground Water Storage Important contributors are ◦ Changes in the amount of water stored in ground Ground water mining ◦ Changes in the amount of water on the surface in lakes and reservoirs Increased irrigation and other water use ◦ Modifications to surface characteristics affecting runoff or evapotranspiration rates