2. Coastalgeology
Introduction
Coastal environments are the interface between 3
natural systems: Atmosphere, Ocean, Land
Coastal zone refers to an area influenced by proximity
to the coast
3. introduction
Offshore zone refers to the portion of the profile where there is no
significant transport of sediment by wave action
Littoral zone refers to the portion of the coastal profile where
sediment can be transported
Shore/beach: Area of the coast sub aerially exposed some of the
time but remains subjected to wave action
5. Upper beach/ Backshore
Limit of high water to dunes/ inland limit (60 km)
Only affected by waves during storms/ unusual high tides
Well-sorted/ well rounded sediments
Coarse and medium sands
6. Foreshore
• Region between the high and low water marks
• Sediments may include:
• Soft, mobile/ semi mobile sediments (sand, mud,
shingle)
• A different case for rocky shores
7.
8. Sealevelchanges
What is sea level?
The level of the sea's surface, used in reckoning the height of
geographical features such as hills and as a barometric standard
What is Mean sea level?
Mean sea level (MSL) is an average level of the surface of one or
more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations
may be measured
What is Sea level rise?
A sea level rise is an increase in global mean sea level as a result
of an increase in the volume of water in the world's oceans.
9. Causesofsealevelrise
Ocean warming (thermal expansion)
Eustasy
Isostasy
Melting of Glaciers & Ice sheets
Decline in water storage on land
Ice loss from Greenland and West Antarctica
Global warming
10.
11.
12. Causes of sea level rise
Ocean warming (Thermal expansion)
happens when water gets warmer, which causes the volume of the water to
increase. About half of the measured global sea level rise on Earth is from
warming waters and thermal expansion.
Eustas
Any uniformly global change of sea level that may reflect a change in the
quantity of water in the ocean, or a change in the shape and capacity of the
ocean basins that results in change in sea level.
Isostas
Changes in Earth's geology. The tectonic plates of the Earth are moving in a
slow pace constantly. This changes the structure of the Earth and increases
or decreases the height of land above and below sea level
13.
14.
15. Human activities are at the root of this phenomenon. Specifically,
since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gas emissions have raised temperatures, even higher in the poles,
and as a result, glaciers are rapidly melting, calving off into the sea
and retreating on land
Melting of glacier and ice land
16. Impacts of Sea level rise
Coastal erosion
Salt water intrusion
Loss of habitats of fish,birds & plants
Contamination of agricultural soil
Loss of mangroves & coral reefs
Loss of low lying lands
Ecological imbalance
Powerful storm surges