Career scope and opportunities
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences, and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of medication. The scope of pharmacy practice includes compounding and dispensing medications, and it also related to more modern services like patient care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information.
The demand for pharma graduates is high in sectors like - healthcare, research, manufacturing, medical marketing, pharmacovigilance etc. As a pharma graduate, you can take up job roles like - drugs inspector, drugs controller, hospital pharmacist etc.
Career in pharmacy and scope of pharmacy. Pharma industry, Hospital pharmacy , Community Pharmacy, Teaching in Pharmacy, Sales & Marketing , Clinical research , Career in Regulatory Body, Biotechnology, Cosmetic, Food Industry etc.
Career scope and opportunities
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences, and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of medication. The scope of pharmacy practice includes compounding and dispensing medications, and it also related to more modern services like patient care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information.
The demand for pharma graduates is high in sectors like - healthcare, research, manufacturing, medical marketing, pharmacovigilance etc. As a pharma graduate, you can take up job roles like - drugs inspector, drugs controller, hospital pharmacist etc.
Career in pharmacy and scope of pharmacy. Pharma industry, Hospital pharmacy , Community Pharmacy, Teaching in Pharmacy, Sales & Marketing , Clinical research , Career in Regulatory Body, Biotechnology, Cosmetic, Food Industry etc.
Definition of social pharmacy, social pharmacy as a discipline, scope of social pharmacy and role of pharmacist in public health, National Health Mission, National rural health mission, National urban health mission
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Introduction to Social Pharmacy, Definition, Social Pharmacy as a Discipline, Scope of Social Pharmacy in Improving Public Health, Role of Pharmacist in Public Health, Concept of Health, Dimensions of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators.
Presentation deals with the topic "scope of pharmacy". The topic is part of paper IV P.G final year syllabus of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana. It will provide basic information regarding this topic.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacyRohit Kumar Trivedi
History and development of pharmacy profession
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy
#rohitkumrtrivedi
B Pharma 1st semester pharmaceutics
Full detailed about pharmacy and Scope of pharmacy like Formulation and development, Manufacturing, Packaging, Pharmaceutical marketing, Drug inspector, research and development, Academic area and work of drug analyst.
A presentation aimed at providing information with regards to the Pharmacy Act, 1948.
-INTRODUCTION
-HISTORY OF THE ACT
-PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA
-STATE PHARMACY COUNCIL
-SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE ACT
-OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
-CONCLUSION
-REFERENCES
Definition of social pharmacy, social pharmacy as a discipline, scope of social pharmacy and role of pharmacist in public health, National Health Mission, National rural health mission, National urban health mission
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Introduction to Social Pharmacy, Definition, Social Pharmacy as a Discipline, Scope of Social Pharmacy in Improving Public Health, Role of Pharmacist in Public Health, Concept of Health, Dimensions of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators.
Presentation deals with the topic "scope of pharmacy". The topic is part of paper IV P.G final year syllabus of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana. It will provide basic information regarding this topic.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacyRohit Kumar Trivedi
History and development of pharmacy profession
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy
#rohitkumrtrivedi
B Pharma 1st semester pharmaceutics
Full detailed about pharmacy and Scope of pharmacy like Formulation and development, Manufacturing, Packaging, Pharmaceutical marketing, Drug inspector, research and development, Academic area and work of drug analyst.
A presentation aimed at providing information with regards to the Pharmacy Act, 1948.
-INTRODUCTION
-HISTORY OF THE ACT
-PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA
-STATE PHARMACY COUNCIL
-SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE ACT
-OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
-CONCLUSION
-REFERENCES
Pharmacy orientation Gp A Evening Batch 2021Tehmina Adnan
a. Introduction and orientation to the Profession of Pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy, Forensic Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical education and research etc
Advanced pharmaceutical care and anti microbial resistanceMINANI Theobald
microbial resistance is one of the among challenging problem in the word that is the reasons why we have to apply antimicrobial resistance (antibacterial , antiviral and other parasite resistance). this will achieved via providing good pharmaceutical care and handling well anti-microbe drugs .
all health care providers and patients globally need to care about the special issues of microbe resistance resistance by proper and necessary of of drug, controlling well infection,. this will involve avoiding the microbe transmitting resistant strain between them and phenotypically changing their structures further affecting target site of drug and permeabilty
Careers in Pharmacy in India, 1. Pharmacist, 2. Drug Inspector, 3. Governmental Agencies, 4. As Government Analyst, 5. Clinical Pharmacy, 6. Community Pharmacy, 7. Nuclear Pharmacy, 8. Pharmaceutical Industry, 9. Drug researcher, 10. As Manufacturing Chemist, 11. In Quality Control / Quality Assurance, 12. Clinical Research, 13. Medical Communications/ Information, 14. Medical Transcription, 15. Medical Coding 16. In Regulatory Affairs 17. Sales and Marketing 18. Pharma-Biotechnology, 19. Academic Pharmacy, 20. Health policy makers, 21. Specialized Area Opportunities, 22. Higher Studies With Research Fellowship
It help for students Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D), M Pharm -Pharmacy Practice, Bachelor of Pharmacy ,Diploma pharmacy, working pharmacist i.e community, hospital and clinical pharmacist - Scope of pharmacy and skills required to be success in pharmacy practice. It is produced and presented as a part of a part of " SKILL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING PROGRAM-2015" on 17 06 2015 as a part of Technical Session -II sponsored by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams Tirupati to the students of Sri Padmavathi Polytechnic Tirupati to bring a Co-Ordination between education and employability potentials in corporate sector.
Virus, infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. The name is from a Latin word meaning “slimy liquid” or “poison.”
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
In the late 16th century several Dutch lens makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the first device known as a microscope. Dutch spectacle makers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey are noted as the first men to develop the concept of the compound microscope.
In the late 16th century several Dutch lens makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the first device known as a microscope. Dutch spectacle makers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey are noted as the first men to develop the concept of the compound microscope.
Microbial Spoilage include the contamination of Pharmaceutical products with the microbes which lead to spoilage of the product affecting Drug safety and quality, and is not intended for use. Shortly Microbial Spoilage is defined as deterioration of pharmaceutical products by the contaminant microbe.
In the late 16th century several Dutch lens makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the first device known as a microscope. Dutch spectacle makers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey are noted as the first men to develop the concept of the compound microscope.
Bacteria are a type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats
Microbiology is the study of organisms that are usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye; it employs techniques—such as sterilization and the use of culture media—that are required to isolate and grow these microorganisms.
Bacteria have existed from very early in the history of life on Earth. Bacteria fossils discovered in rocks date from at least the Devonian Period (419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago), and there are convincing arguments that bacteria have been present since early Precambrian time, about 3.5 billion years ago.
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with our digestion
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. These organisms can live in soil, the ocean and inside the human gut. Humans' relationship with bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with our digestion
Diuretics, also called water pills, are medications designed to increase the amount of water and salt expelled from the body as urine. There are three types of prescription diuretics. They're often prescribed to help treat high blood pressure, but they're used for other conditions as well.
The main site of diuretic action is well established for the different groups of diuretics: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the proximal tubulus, loop diuretics on the diluting segment, thiazides on the cortical diluting segment/distal tubulus, and potassium-sparing agents on distal tubulus/collecting ducts.
Diuretics, also called water pills, are medications designed to increase the amount of water and salt expelled from the body as urine. There are three types of prescription diuretics. They’re often prescribed to help treat high blood pressure, but they’re used for other conditions as well.
Proton-pump inhibitors are a group of medications whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of stomach acid production. Within the class of medications, there is no clear evidence that one agent works better than another. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available.
The main site of diuretic action is well established for the different groups of diuretics: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the proximal tubulus, loop diuretics on the diluting segment, thiazides on the cortical diluting segment/distal tubulus, and potassium-sparing agents on distal tubulus/collecting ducts.
In conclusion, the present study found that esomeprazole 40 mg daily may be more effective than either omeprazole 20 mg daily, pantoprazole 40 mg daily or lansoprazole 30 mg daily for the rapid relief of heartburn symptoms in patients with endoscopically proven reflux esophagitis.
Mechanisms of diuretic drugs. Diuretic drugs increase urine output by the kidney (i.e., promote diuresis). This is accomplished by altering how the kidney handles sodium. If the kidney excretes more sodium, then water excretion will also increase.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Scope of Pharmacy/ Career in Pharmacy
1. PHR 110PHR 110
Scope of Pharmacy
Md. Saiful Islam
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences
North South University
Facebook Group: Pharmacy Universe
Youtube Channel: Pharmacy Universe
2. What is Pharmacy?What is Pharmacy?
Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing andPharmacy is the art and science of preparing and
dispensing medications and the provision of drug-relateddispensing medications and the provision of drug-related
information to the public.information to the public.
It involves:It involves:
-- the interpretation of prescription orders;the interpretation of prescription orders;
- the compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and devices;- the compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and devices;
- drug product selection and drug utilization reviews;- drug product selection and drug utilization reviews;
- patient monitoring and intervention; and- patient monitoring and intervention; and
- the provision of cognitive services related to use of medications and- the provision of cognitive services related to use of medications and
devices.devices.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction
3. Mission of Pharmacy:Mission of Pharmacy:
The American Pharmacists AssociationThe American Pharmacists Association describes the mission ofdescribes the mission of
pharmacy as serving societypharmacy as serving society as “the profession responsible for theas “the profession responsible for the
appropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimalappropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimal
therapeutic outcomes.”therapeutic outcomes.”
Pharmacists for the Future:Pharmacists for the Future:
““pharmacy should be conceived basically as a knowledge system thatpharmacy should be conceived basically as a knowledge system that
renders a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs andrenders a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs and
their effects.”their effects.”
Important role of the pharmacist:Important role of the pharmacist:
““the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achievingthe responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving
definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction
4. Pharmacist:Pharmacist:
Pharmacists are those who are educated and licensed toPharmacists are those who are educated and licensed to
dispense drugs and to provide drug information—they aredispense drugs and to provide drug information—they are
experts on medications.experts on medications.
- they are the most accessible member of today’s health care team, and- they are the most accessible member of today’s health care team, and
- often are the first source of assistance and- often are the first source of assistance and
- advice on many common ailments and health care matters.- advice on many common ailments and health care matters.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction
5. In USA there is currently one professional degree in pharmacy:In USA there is currently one professional degree in pharmacy:
the doctorate (PharmD).the doctorate (PharmD).
The PharmD curriculum usually requires 6 academic years to completeThe PharmD curriculum usually requires 6 academic years to complete
the degree requirements.the degree requirements.
Pharmacists who hold the baccalaureate in pharmacy degree (BSPharmPharmacists who hold the baccalaureate in pharmacy degree (BSPharm
or BPharm) may be admitted to a doctor of pharmacy programor BPharm) may be admitted to a doctor of pharmacy program
The combined period of study may be longer than 6 academic years.The combined period of study may be longer than 6 academic years.
B. EducationB. Education
6. GENERAL EDUCATIONGENERAL EDUCATION
Courses in the social sciences, humanities, arts, history, and literatureCourses in the social sciences, humanities, arts, history, and literature
provide the broad general education required of a professional inprovide the broad general education required of a professional in
today’s society.today’s society.
PREREQUISITE COURSESPREREQUISITE COURSES
Mathematics and the physical and biological sciences teach theMathematics and the physical and biological sciences teach the
principles, the application of which find their way into many of theprinciples, the application of which find their way into many of the
upper-level professional pharmacy courses.upper-level professional pharmacy courses.
PROFESSIONAL COURSESPROFESSIONAL COURSES
Basic to most pharmacy curricula are courses in pharmacology,Basic to most pharmacy curricula are courses in pharmacology,
medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, and the clinical-medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, and the clinical-
pharmacy externships. Courses in social and administrative pharmacypharmacy externships. Courses in social and administrative pharmacy
as well as pharmacy law also are found in this sequence.as well as pharmacy law also are found in this sequence.
B. EducationB. Education
7. The practice of pharmacy in any given state is regulated by that stateThe practice of pharmacy in any given state is regulated by that state
and the Board of Pharmacy within that state.and the Board of Pharmacy within that state.
The law in all states, requires applicants for licensure to beThe law in all states, requires applicants for licensure to be::
of good moral character;of good moral character;
have graduated from anhave graduated from an Accreditation Council for PharmaceuticalAccreditation Council for Pharmaceutical
EducationEducation (ACPE) accredited first professional degree program;(ACPE) accredited first professional degree program;
have passed an examination given by the Board of Pharmacy; andhave passed an examination given by the Board of Pharmacy; and
be 21 years of age.be 21 years of age.
Candidates have a record of practical experience or internship trainingCandidates have a record of practical experience or internship training
acquired under the supervision and instruction of a licensedacquired under the supervision and instruction of a licensed
practitioner.practitioner.
Continuing education/competency requirements for re-licensure.Continuing education/competency requirements for re-licensure.
C. LICENSURE REQUIREMENTSC. LICENSURE REQUIREMENTS
8. Job opportunities for pharmacists are expected to grow:Job opportunities for pharmacists are expected to grow:
increased pharmaceutical needs ofincreased pharmaceutical needs of a larger and older populationa larger and older population
scientific advances that will providescientific advances that will provide more drug productsmore drug products for thefor the
prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease;prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease;
new developments innew developments in administering medicationadministering medication; and; and
IncreasinglyIncreasingly well-informed consumerswell-informed consumers who are sophisticated aboutwho are sophisticated about
health care and eager for more detailed information about drugs andhealth care and eager for more detailed information about drugs and
their effects.their effects.
D. CAREERSD. CAREERS
9. PHR 110PHR 110
Community pharmacy
Combination of well-developed professional skills
and, management abilities.
In addition to dispensing pharmaceuticals, pharmacists
in community pharmacies:
answer questions about prescription and over-the-counter
(OTC) drugs and
give advice about home health care supplies and durable
medical equipment.
an estimated 200,000 pharmacists now in practice, the
majority are in community pharmacy practice.
D. CAREERS
10. Health-systems pharmacy
Practice of pharmacy in
private and government-owned hospitals,
health maintenance organizations (HMOs),
clinics,
walk-in health centers, and
nursing homes.
In these settings, pharmacists
dispense medication,
prepare sterile solutions,
advise other professionals and patients on the use of drugs,
monitor drug regimens, and
evaluate drug use.
They also
advise other professionals on the selection and effects of drugs
make patient rounds with other professionals or
provide direct patient care
D. CAREERS
11. Nuclear pharmacy
They apply the principles and practices of pharmacy and
nuclear chemistry to produce radioactive drugs used for
diagnosis and therapy
D. CAREERS
12. Industrial pharmacy
The largest number of pharmacists are involved in marketing and
administration.
Some employ pharmacists as their professional service
representatives, to educate physicians and pharmacists about the
manufacturer’s products.
It is often a stepping-stone to supervisory positions in sales and
A path toward integration into the administrative and sales structure
Pharmacists with master’s degrees in business or additional degrees
in law has opportunities in marketing, sales, and legal departments.
Pharmacists can also serve the industry as professional
communications managers and clinical research scientists;
research and development
Production and quality-control (or quality-assurance) supervisory
positions
D. CAREERS
13. Government service
May serve as commissioned officers in the Armed Forces
Food and Drug Administration
Pharmaceutical education
Pharmacists with advanced degrees in any of the professional
specialties can serve in University/College-level instructors.
Pharmaceutical journalism
Offers rewarding experiences for a limited number of
pharmacists with writing and editing skills.
D. CAREERS
14. Areas of graduate study include:
pharmaceutics,
industrial pharmacy,
pharmacology,
pharmaceutical/medicinal chemistry,
pharmacognosy, and
social and administrative pharmacy.
A master’s or PhD degree in pharmacy or a related field usually is
required for research positions, and a PharmD, MS, or PhD degree is
necessary for administrative or faculty positions.
Although a number of graduates pursue advanced degrees in
pharmacy, some enter a 1- or 2-year residency program or fellowship.
A pharmacy residency is an organized, directed, postgraduate training
program in a defined area of pharmacy Practice.
E. GRADUATE EDUCATION
15. AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (APhA)—
The APhA is the national professional organization of pharmacists
representing pharmacy practitioners, and pharmaceutical scientists and
students.
Since its founding in 1852, APhA has been a leader in the professional and
scientific advancement of pharmacy.
Membership in one of the three academies of the APhA—
the Academy of Pharmacy Practice and Management (APPM),
the Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science (APRS), and
the Academy of Students of Pharmacy (ASP)
— offers members specialized benefits and the opportunity to influence
their practice areas.
F. ORGANIZATIONS
16. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS (ASHP)—
The ASHP is the professional association of pharmacists who practice in organized
health care settings.
The ASHP endeavors to create an environment in which pharmacists can focus the
full potential of their knowledge and expertise on patient care.
The mission of ASHP is to represent its more than 25,000 members, providing
leadership that will enable pharmacists in organized health-care settings to provide
high-quality pharmaceutical services that foster the efficacy, safety, and cost-
effectiveness of drug use; contribute to programs and services that emphasize the
health needs of the public and the prevention of disease; and promote pharmacy as
an essential component of the health care team.
F. ORGANIZATIONS
17. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CONSULTANT PHARMACISTS (ASCP)—
The ASCP promotes the development and advancement of pharmaceutical
care activities directed at patients in long-term care institutions.
NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (NCPA)—
Membership in NCPA, formerly known as the National Association of Retail
Druggists (NARD), is open to
independent community pharmacy owners,
managers, and employees,
as well as pharmacy students and
corporations.
NCPA is dedicated to the continuing growth and prosperity of the independent
community pharmacy in the United States.
F. ORGANIZATIONS
18. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS (AAPS)—
The AAPS serves an advocacy role for:
the pharmaceutical sciences,
promotes the economic viability of the pharmaceutical sciences and its
scientists,
represents scientific interests within
academia,
industry,
government, and
other research institutions.
AAPS members are eligible for membership in one of several disciplines:
Analysis and Pharmaceutical Quality; Biotechnology; Clinical Sciences;
Economic, Marketing, and Management Sciences;
Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry;
Pharmaceutical Technology;
Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery;
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism; and
Regulatory Affairs.
F. ORGANIZATIONS