Industrial biotechnology uses microorganisms and biological processes to produce various products in industries like chemicals, textiles, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing. It offers benefits like low input costs, high output rates, environmental friendliness by using renewable resources, and increased efficiency. Some key applications of industrial biotechnology include producing metabolites, treating waste, developing biofuels and bioenergy, and producing antibiotics, antibodies, and enzymes that have various medical and industrial uses.
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
This presentation contains all the material regarding History of animal cell culture and different methods of organ and tissue culture.Hope it will be helpful..
Single Cell Protein -slideshare ppt
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This ppt have a detailed source about the Biosafety issues in Biotechnology and their implements over by the government. It have a topics about the issues in antibiotic resistance gene , GMO crops etc.
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Biotechnology and its applications
Introduction:
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology, involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use“.
Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc.
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of the plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.
Its Applications:
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas,
Food Industry
Health and Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial And Environmental
Science and technology of manipulating and improving microbial strains, in order to enhance their metabolic capacities for biotechnological applications, are referred to as strain improvement.
This presentation contains all the material regarding History of animal cell culture and different methods of organ and tissue culture.Hope it will be helpful..
Single Cell Protein -slideshare ppt
tag
,
single cell protein slideshare
,
single cell protein
,
flowchart of single cell protein production
,
single cell protein pdf
,
single cell protein production ppt
This ppt have a detailed source about the Biosafety issues in Biotechnology and their implements over by the government. It have a topics about the issues in antibiotic resistance gene , GMO crops etc.
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
Biotechnology and its applications
Introduction:
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology, involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use“.
Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc.
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of the plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.
Its Applications:
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas,
Food Industry
Health and Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial And Environmental
Synopsis
Introduction
History
Definition
Need for edible vaccine
Plants normally used for production of
edible vaccine
Production
Mode of application
Advantages
Disadvantages
Application
Conclusion
References
Genetic engineering and pharmaceutical production in microorganismsNawfal Aldujaily
Role Of Genetic Engineering In Improvement Of Pharmaceutical Production of Microorganisms lecture in department of biology.faculty of science.University of Kufa
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
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Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. Scope & Applications of Industrial
Biotechnology
Dr. P. Suganya
Assistant Professor
Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous)
Sivakasi
2. Industrial biotechnology engineers can
seek employment in chemical and
textile industries, agricultural sectors,
pharmaceutical firms and
manufacturing industries
Scope Industrial Biotechnology
3. Introduction of Industrial Biotechnology
The very first expression of industrial applications of
biotechnology was found in the production of beer,
wine, cheese, bread and other fermented products.
Over the years, such applications have expanded to
include a very wide range of products in the food,
chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Genetic
engineering and molecular biology
have proved invaluable not only for the development
of a host of products, but also for
introducing new and more effective bioprocesses.
4.
5. It, often referred to as , is a
collection of scientific techniques and technologies
used to improve both the efficiency and
environmental foot print of modern industrial
production.
Microbial technology constitutes the core of
Industrial Biotechnology.
Microbial technology refers to the use of microbes to
obtain a product or service of economic value. It is
also called as .
6. Isolation of microorganisms from nature,
Their screening for product formation,
Improvement of product yields,
Maintenance of cultures,
Mass culture using bioreactors, and
Recovery of products or services.
7. Metabolite production.
Anaerobic digestion (for methane production).
Waste treatment (both organic and industrial).
Production of biocontrol agents, and
Fermentation of food products.
Bio based fuel &energy.
8. Microorganisms produce a number of metabolites
during their growth using cheap substrates.
Acetone-butanol,
Alcohol,
Antibiotics,
Enzymes,
Organic acids
Vitamins.
9. Microorganisms employed to enhance the availability of
nutrients, viz., nitrogen (by fixing atmospheric N2) and
phosphorus (by solublizing soil phosphorus), to the crops
are called biofertilizers.
Rhizobium spp.
Blue-green Algae andAzolla.
Azotobacter andAzospirillum.
10.
11. Microbes can be employed to recover valuable metals
from low grade ores and also from dilute solutions for
which the conventional metallurgical processes are
uneconomical and, generally, rather polluting.
E.g
leaching of copper as copper sulphate from ores.
Desulphurization of Coals by Thiobacillus spp.
12. Use of microorganisms to control insect pests,
pathogens or weeds constitutes biological
control, and the biological agents employed
for this purpose are called biocontrol agents.
Bioinsecticides-
Bioherbicides-
13.
14. Ethanol currently produced by
fermenting grain (old
technology).
Cellulose enzyme technology
allows
conversion of crop residues
(stems, leaves and hulls) to
ethanol.
Results in reduced CO2
emissions by more than 90%
(compared to oil).
Allows for greater domestic
energy production and it uses
a renewable feedstock.
15. Low input of substrate.
High rate of output.
Friendly to environment.
Renewable.
Increased efficiency.
16. Biotechnology and Medicine
The use of biotechnology has opened up a whole new world of
possibilities in the field of medicine
These include dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease and Schizophrenia
(the latter is incurred by a single aberrant gene).
Biotechnology also holds enormous potential for fertility control.
Safe organ transplant and manipulation of the body’s immune system
has also been made possible.
Designer drugs is yet another development, which is specifically
tailored to manipulate whole or parts of individual genes and to
suppress or induce specific actions.
17. Antibiotics
most profitable part of the pharmaceutical
industry.
More than a hundred antibiotics are currently in
use and many dreaded bacterial diseases have
been brought under control.
The major groups of antibiotics include penicillin,
tetracycline, cephalosporin and erythromycin.
E.g Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in 1928,
and developed by Howard in 1944 from a fungus
named Penicillium notatum and later from
Pchrysogenum. Penicillium produces the largest
quantity of penicillin when the cells stop growing.
18. Antibodies
Whenever there is an invasion of bacteria, fungi or viruses in the
body, the blood and lymph glands generate antibodies as a defense
mechanism. T
These antibodies (or immunoglobulin’s) identify the foreign
substances (or antigens), and attach themselves to the alien
material.
There are millions of different types of antibodies in the body, and
each has a particular structure. If an antibody encounters a foreign
substance with the same configuration, the two will lock together.
When antigens are implanted into mice, rabbits, goats or horses,
many B-lymphocytes bind to the antigen to produce a range of
different immunoglobulin’s as antibodies to the antigen.
Thus the total antibodies generated towards a particular antigen
have been produced by many different clones derived from
different B-lymphocytes and are referred to as polyclonal.
Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a clone of cells derived
from a single B-lymphocyte. These identical antibodies recognize
exactly the same antigen.
19. Therapeutic Applications
Monoclonal antibodies developed against a particular type of cancer
cell may lead to the regression of the tumor, as the cancerous cells
are recognized as alien to body.
Monoclonal antibodies can trigger off a patient’s immune system to
start attacking a tumor.
Anti-cancer drugs that are physiologically attached to monoclonal
antibodies targeted against specific cancerous antigens can also be
delivered directly against the malignancy.
Prediction of Disease Risk
Particular antigens on the cell surface (like those of human
leukocytes) have been associated with the relative risk of
occurrence of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, early
recognition of these antigens using monoclonal antibodies can
facilitate suitable preventive measures.
20. Autoimmune Disease
This disease causes a breakdown in the body’s tolerance to its own
antigens, as the B and T cells both react against their own tissue
antigens. In rheumatic fever, the body becomes immunized against
tissues in the heart and joints following an infection. Monoclonal
antibodies against T-cell antigen are now being used to study and
treat many autoimmune diseases.
Pregnancy Testing
After fertilisation and implantation, the foetal placental unit functions as
an endocrine gland producing hormones. These include the human
chorionic gonadotropic hormone, which is produced within three days of
conception and reaches a level that is easily detected by monoclonal
antibodies within seven days. The kits developed are used to confirm
pregnancy as early as the eleventh day from conception.
21. New Drug Targets and Vaccine Development
Some of the examples are:
Insulin:
It is an important hormone regulating glucose levels.
Anti-haemophilic Factor:
It is an important material purified from human blood, and used in the
treatment of haemophilia. Action has proved difficult because of infection of
haemophiliacs with AIDS virus.
Human Serum Albumin:
It is one of the most common blood proteins used in the treatment of shock
injuries such as burns.
Engineered Enzymes:
These enzymes are used to treat a range of conditions from cardiac diseases
to renal failure, to certain types of inherited enzyme deficiencies.
22. Food and Beverage Industry
Xylanases:
Enzymes are biological molecules present in various organisms.
Microorganisms have been found to be a rich source of industrially
important enzymes. One such enzyme is xylanase.
Different types of xylanases have been identified and isolated by genetic
manipulation. These include digestive enzymes for natural fibres like wood,
pulp and cellulose.
Xylanases play a very positive role in improving the quality of baked
products. For instance, a specific xylanase enzyme has been identified and
produced from a fungal strain (Aspergillus niger var awamori). Molecular
manipulations have enhanced the production level of these enzymes by
twenty to forty times. This enzyme (EXLA) was developed by Unilever, and
is now available freely in the market.
23. Emulsifiers:
Acacia gum is predominantly used as an emulsifier in the food industry due to
its emulsifying and stabilisation properties. Using new molecular tools,
emulsifiers are now synthesised from covalently coupled carbohydrates like
starch, pectin, sugar and proteins from wheat, milk and soya bean.
Peanut Allergy Testing:
Many people have been found to display allergic reactions after eating peanuts.
To combat this problem, it is essential to identify the cause of this allergy. For
this purpose, a highly sensitive immunological assay has been developed by a
Netherland based company to detect peanut proteins in foods. This is the first
peanut assay with commercial applications.
Effective Monitoring:
Scientists are developing versatile gastrointestinal models for detailed
monitoring of digestibility, bioconversion and biodegradability of foods and
drugs and contaminants from the point of safety and functionality. These
models (TIM-TNO – in vitro models) are now used for studying the digestive
effect of nutraceutical foods.
High Intensity Sweetener:
Hoechst developed ‘Aesulfamek’, the high intensity sweetener under the name
SunettTM. Its efficacy and toxicological safety testing has established this
product as an extremely effective sweetener.
24. Calcium Intake:
One of the most important and innovative applications of biotechnology is to improve
the calcium level in our foodstuff Researchers have shown that oligo-fructose, a
naturally occurring, low-digestible oligosaccharide, increases calcium absorption by as
much as twenty two per cent. Such studies can open the floodgates for new areas of
health application and new classes of ingredients. These findings can be used to create
new products in dairy, bakery, confectionery and drinks.
Foods from Microbes:
While brewing and baking have existed for ages, we are now using genetically pure
strains in the process. Studies show that nearly 1.5 million tons of bakers’ yeast
{Saccharomyces cervisiae) is produced throughout the world every year. Modern plants
have also reduced the time required in the fermentation process from months to days.
Similarly, the fungus Aspergillus oryzae is being used to produce a wide range of
important enzymes
25. Edible Mushrooms:
Rank Hons McDougall PLC & ICI (Zeneca) have recently obtained Quorn
myco-protein from a filamentous fungus Fusarium graminecerarum.
Quorn is obtained from mycelia grown in large fermenters. The final
product that is obtained has a meat-like texture, and is reported to be the
most thoroughly tested food. The annual sales of Quorn are to the tune of
15 million pounds in the United Kingdom alone
Paper Industry:
Fungi that cause white rot have proved to be quite useful for the paper industry.
Species like ‘Phanerochaete chrysosporium’ and ‘Trametis versicolor’ have
replaced some of the chemical steps used in papermaking. This can eliminate the
pollution hazards associated with the use of chemicals.
Biotechnological forces are well on their way to herald a whole new industrial
revolution. The force of this revolution will lie in exploiting living organisms, and
using molecular tools as effective alternatives for conventional chemical based raw
materials. And if present trends are any indication, this new revolution is going to
redefine industry in the future.