1. Frederick Taylor is considered the father of scientific management. He developed theories and techniques to optimize productivity, including time and motion studies to determine the most efficient ways to perform tasks.
2. Taylor advocated for standardizing tools and procedures based on time studies to determine the most effective methods. He also pushed for assigning workers daily quotas based on these studies to incentivize higher productivity.
3. Taylor's scientific management principles included developing a true science of work, scientifically selecting and training employees, equally dividing work and responsibility between management and workers, and fostering intimate cooperation between the two groups. The goal was to increase overall efficiency and prosperity for both workers and employers.
Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor)Deep Gurung
The slide explains the theory proposed by F.W. Taylor. He introduced scientific methods of doing work to increase productivity. Thus he is known as 'Father of Scientific Management;. Thus, the theory 'Principles of Scientific Management'.
Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor)Deep Gurung
The slide explains the theory proposed by F.W. Taylor. He introduced scientific methods of doing work to increase productivity. Thus he is known as 'Father of Scientific Management;. Thus, the theory 'Principles of Scientific Management'.
This presentation provides the definition, principles and discussions on the Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management Theory.
For more of this presentation: https://youtu.be/SZECH-gPW7E
SUBSCRIBE. COMMENT. LIKE. SHARE
A detailed description about Max Weber & his theory of Bureaucracy. His important works. Principles of Bureaucratic Management. Features of Bureaucracy. Critics of Max Weber and Bureaucratic Theory.
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of “Scientific Management.
attempted to define “the one best way” to perform every task through systematic study and other scientific methods.
believed that improved management practices lead to improved productivity.
Three areas of focus:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Scientific management incorporates basic expectations of management, including:
Development of work standards
Selection of workers
Training of workers
Support of workers
This presentation provides the definition, principles and discussions on the Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management Theory.
For more of this presentation: https://youtu.be/SZECH-gPW7E
SUBSCRIBE. COMMENT. LIKE. SHARE
A detailed description about Max Weber & his theory of Bureaucracy. His important works. Principles of Bureaucratic Management. Features of Bureaucracy. Critics of Max Weber and Bureaucratic Theory.
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of “Scientific Management.
attempted to define “the one best way” to perform every task through systematic study and other scientific methods.
believed that improved management practices lead to improved productivity.
Three areas of focus:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Scientific management incorporates basic expectations of management, including:
Development of work standards
Selection of workers
Training of workers
Support of workers
Theory and Principle of Scientific Management/TaylorismBigin Gyawali
Scientific management theory is a method of improving efficiency in the workforce.
As its name implies, this management theory uses scientific methods to assess work processes.
The scientific method consists of three steps:
Observation
Experimentation
Analysis
Frederick Winslow Taylor, often referred to as the 'Father of Scientific Management,' demonstrated the applicability of scientific methods in management.
His focus was on both supervisory and operational levels of management.
Taylor's five management principles are central to his approach.
School of management thought -evolution of management thoughts by various contributors all the approaches - early classical approach , neo classical approach and modern approach .
Marxist view, Neo- Marxist view, Modernization, Dependency theory, world system theory, Post development theory, Sustainable development, Human development theory
Definition of development & Underdevelopment
Theories of Development
a) Modernization theory
b) Dependency theory
c) Participation theory
d) Marxist thought of Development
Conclusion
References
The presentation is concerned with the increasing humanitarian turmoil of present world, refugee crisis. It contains the following contents definition of refugee, causes, issues of refugee emergency, state of international assistance and present scenario of human rights violation happened for refugee crisis
The presentation is about First World War. it's causes, devastation and name and force of the central powers and allied powers. The consequences and peace treaties which came into force through world war 1 in world history. It will be helpful for students of political science, public administration and international relations.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Scientific management
1. 1
Introduction
A theory is based on interrelated constructs, definitions and propositions that represent a
systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with purpose of
explaining and predicting the phenomena. Organization theories have been developed on the
basis of concepts, thoughts, and research findings in order to define and explain systems of
organizations so that it may help achieving organizational goals and increasing organizational
productivity. Taylor has been termed the father of scientific management. As the name implies, it
was a scientific approach to managerial decision making. Taylor's major techniques included
time and motion studies whereby the work task was divided into its constituent elements or
motions and eliminating wasted motions so that the work would be done in the "one best way" as
well as timing the remaining motions in order to arrive at an expected rate of production. Taylor
also pushed strongly for standardization in the design and use of tools. Tools and procedures
were standardized in accordance with what designs were most effective in a given context.
Taylor also advocated a worker be assigned a given quantity of work each day based on the
results of time study. This was forerunner of modern day goal-setting.
Backgroundof developing scientific management
During the latter part of the 19th century when the industrial period began, the climate of the
industries in American business was giving rise to the growth of a managerial class. The
practices of management began to change from a day to day problem solving approach to
encounter multiple managerial problems which were not faced previously. Prominent leaders like
Henry R. Towne and Henry Metcalf tried to develop a unified system of management and Towne
called this new philosophy of management science of management. Towne presented a paper in
1886entitled ‘The Engineer as an Economist’ to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME). Taylor was inspired by Towne’s ideas and directed his efforts to understand all facts of
a firm and to develop scientific management.
2. 2
Taylor’s contribution in scientific management
It was the turn of the 20th century the first serious effort was taken by Frederick Winslow Taylor
to make researches in management of industry in USA. He believed that the ‘best management is
a true science’ that is science is applicable in all kinds of human activities. On the basis of this
concept he developed a theory of scientific management in classical period which is the first
component of classical theory. Taylor’s contribution in developing scientific management was
recorded in his papers which are given below:
1. A Piece Rate System- 1895
(Principles of wage payment)
2. Shop Management-1903
(Workshop Organization and Management)
3. The Art of Cutting Metals-1906
4. The principles of Scientific Management-1911
Birth, education & death
The man who was the pioneer of scientific management Frederick Winslow Taylor was born in a
German town Pennsylvania on March 20, 1856. He received his education in France and
Germany and attended Philips Exeter Academy. Although he passed the Harvard entrance
examinations with honors he could not continue his academic pursuits because of impaired
eyesight owing to too much study by kerosene light. He died on March 21, 1915 in Philadelphia
Taylor’s concept of Management
The principal object of management according to Taylor is to secure the maximum prosperity for
the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee. His philosophy of
scientific management is that there is no inherent conflict in the interest of the workers,
3. 3
employers and consumers. The primary concern of Taylor was that the results of higher
productivity should equally benefit all people.
Scientific management
The application of science in management is called scientific management. As science is
structural and systematic knowledge in scientific management science is applied for the purpose
of getting people productive like machine.
Purpose of scientific management
Increasing the output of average person.
Increasing the efficiency of management
Principles of scientific management
Taylor emphasized in the interest of society prosperity, the close collaboration and deliberate
cooperation between the workmen and the management for the application of science methods.
His management was based on mutual interests and these are:
a) The development of a true science of work.
b) The scientific selection, training, and progressive development of employees.
c) The equal division of work and responsibility between management and employees.
d) Intimate and friendly cooperation between employees and management.
The development of a true science of work
In the interest of the worker and management it is necessary to know as to what constitutes a Fair
day’s work. It saves the worker from the unnecessary criticism of the boss, and enables the
management to get the maximum work form worker. Large daily task can be done by qualified
workers under optimum conditions and which can be done through gathering traditional
knowledge about workers. Such development of science of work not only enables the
organization to produce more by enabling employees to do one’s best way of work & get higher
wages but also helps company receives higher profit.
4. 4
The scientific selection and progressive development of the workman
The worker who possesses physical and intellectual qualities should be selected to ensure
effective performance of the work. This helps finding out what possibilities or limitations one
has for future development. Taylor believed that every worker has potentialities for development.
He believed that worker must be systematically and thoroughly trained. Taylor felt that it is the
responsibility of the management to provide the worker opportunities for advancement. It is
important to ensure that all employees accept the new methods, tools and conditions willingly
and enthusiastically.
The equal division of work and responsibility between management and employees
Taylor’s scientific management assumes equal responsibility between management and worker.
The division of work creates between them an understanding and mutual dependence and
intimate cooperation between them which will results in elimination of conflicts and strikes.
Intimate friendly cooperation between workers and management
Taylor believed that workers are willing to cooperate with the management but here is more
opposition from the side of the management. So, mutual cooperation shall be adopted between
the two. There will be science not tradition and cooperation not individualism. The ultimate
result of the friendly environment will cause greater success to the organization.
Philosophy of scientific management
The philosophy of these principles may be summarized as under
a) Science not rule of thumb
b) Harmony, not discord
c) Cooperation, not individualism
d) Maximum output, in place of restricted output and
e) Development in each greatest efficiency and prosperity
5. 5
Methods of implementing scientific management
a) Time & motion study
b) Functional foremanship
c) Wage and incentive system
d) Mental revolution
a) Time study: It shows which worker do how much at a definite period. It’s a vital part of
scientific management.
Motion study: motion study determines how productive material works with workers movement
of hands and bodies, how they influence production.
b) Functional foremanship: Taylor doubted the efficacy of the linear system in which each
worker is subordinate to only one boss. He replaced the system with what is called functional
foremanship in which the worker receives orders from eight narrowly specialized supervisors. Of
the eight functional bosses four will be responsible for planning and the remaining four for
executions.
Functions
Execution
functional bosses
Planning boss
a. Gang boss
b. The repair boss
c. Speed boss
d. The inspector
a. The order of work clerk
b. The instruction cord clerk
c. The time and cost clerk
d. The shop disciplinarian
6. 6
The quality of a good foreman
Taylor specified nine qualities of a good foreman. These are:
a. Education
b. Special or technical knowledge
c. Manual dexterity and strength
d. Tact
e. Energy
f. Grit
g. Honesty
h. Judgment
i. Good health
c) Wage and incentive system: In order to get good salary workers must follow management. For
the betterment of workers wage and incentive system should be adopted. Under this system a
workman should pay his wage compare with the immediate first class man. If he works equal as
first class man then he will get bonus payment and if he works more than the first class he will
usually get bonus. Through this wage, incentive system management will get the productive
works from the workers.
d) Mental revolution: Mental revolution should be occurred on the part of workers and
management as to their duties toward their work, towards their fellow workers and towards their
daily problems. Without this great mental revolution on both sides scientific management
doesn’t exist.
Criticism
The trade unions were against the methods of increasing productivity by the introduction
of premium bonus system.
Taylor’s scientific methods were more interested in the mechanical aspects of work not
much concerned about the total work situation.
7. 7
Professor Hoxie in his report criticized scientific management as Taylor’s approach was
concerned with machine, man regarded as machine and it didn’t concern with human
aspects of production.
The managers who were highly qualified ignored Taylor’s concept of training by highly
trained experts.
It failed to understand the psychological and social need of workers.
Money can’t be the only motivator it was only production oriented.
Conclusion
Taylor’s scientific management became something of a movement. In an age of growing
achievement in the physical science it’s offered the hope of resolving industrial problems
through the use of objective principles. Despite some limitations Taylor’ scientific management
was an adequate understanding of human psychology, sociology and the anatomy of work.
Scientific management had a major influence on the growing reform and economy movements in
public administration.