Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of “Scientific Management.
attempted to define “the one best way” to perform every task through systematic study and other scientific methods.
believed that improved management practices lead to improved productivity.
Three areas of focus:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Scientific management incorporates basic expectations of management, including:
Development of work standards
Selection of workers
Training of workers
Support of workers
Part of Management Process. How the management process evolved from the early years.
Many experts contributed for this evolution. I compiled the list and little bit history along with the theory developed by each contributor for this process.
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of “Scientific Management.
attempted to define “the one best way” to perform every task through systematic study and other scientific methods.
believed that improved management practices lead to improved productivity.
Three areas of focus:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Scientific management incorporates basic expectations of management, including:
Development of work standards
Selection of workers
Training of workers
Support of workers
Part of Management Process. How the management process evolved from the early years.
Many experts contributed for this evolution. I compiled the list and little bit history along with the theory developed by each contributor for this process.
This provides an overview of management approaches. Much of this work relied heavily on Bhavin Aswani's Evolution of Management Thought, Management 2's, The Evolution of Management Study and Management Yesterday and Today. Many other sources were also used in the slides.
Evolution of management theory,Scientific Management School
Classical Organization Theory school
Behavioral School
Management Science School
The System Approach
The Contingency Approach
Dynamic Engagement Approach
It contains information about the basic concepts of management like what is management, functions of management, levels of management which is the basis for every management student.
Report on how the Management Theory has evolved over the years.
Submitted for the module "Introduction to Management" during the 2nd semester of the Transport and Logistics Management Degree Program at University of Moratuwa
This provides an overview of management approaches. Much of this work relied heavily on Bhavin Aswani's Evolution of Management Thought, Management 2's, The Evolution of Management Study and Management Yesterday and Today. Many other sources were also used in the slides.
Evolution of management theory,Scientific Management School
Classical Organization Theory school
Behavioral School
Management Science School
The System Approach
The Contingency Approach
Dynamic Engagement Approach
It contains information about the basic concepts of management like what is management, functions of management, levels of management which is the basis for every management student.
Report on how the Management Theory has evolved over the years.
Submitted for the module "Introduction to Management" during the 2nd semester of the Transport and Logistics Management Degree Program at University of Moratuwa
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster ManagementRutuja Chudnaik
Challenges and Perspective of Disaster Management,Disaster- An Introduction,The cost and consequences of disasters, Development and natural disasters, Disaster Risk Reduction, Disaster Management Cycle, Disaster management in India, Natural Disaster – Droughts, Drought: causes and effects, Impact of drought: Indian scenario, Drought disaster challenges and mitigation in India, Drought assessment: tools and techniques, Drought management and challenges, Drought management framework in India, Conclusion.
This is a presentation I made for my Applied Economics class Grade 12-ABM. This discusses about the basic economic problems of the country.
Credits go to the sources of my materials and pictures.
01 Introduction to Construction Managementakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates.
Thank you :)
IN THIS PRESENTATION YOU WILL FIND ALL TOPICS RELATED TO PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND EACH TOPIC IS EXPLAINED BY ME WITH FULL DETAIL AND WITH FULL UPDATES ACCORDING TO NEW SYLLABUS.IN THIS PPT MANY PICTURES ARE ALSO THERE WHICH IS MOST IMPORTANT INSTRUMENT IN PPT.IF ANY QUERY SO PLZ CONTACT ME 9780529658 AND PLEASE TRY TO LEARN THE CONCEPT.IN THIS PPT MANY TOPICS ARE THERE IN PROPER ORDER.YOU WILL FIND THE PRINCIPLES OF FAYOL AS WELL AS PRINCIPLES OF TAYLOR.THE TECHNIQUES OF TAYLOR ARE ALSO THERE IN MY PPT.SIMPLINESS IS MINE PPT ADWANTAGE THAT YOU WILL DEFINATELY LIKE.PLEASE LIKE SHARE AND FOLLOW ME AND IF ANY QUERY SO PLZ CONATACT ME OR HIT COMMENT BACK.I WILL BW DEFINATELY THERE TO ANSWER YOU.
In Pre-classical theory the structure of the organization is mechanical.
Its main focus is on work.
It emphasizes on order, rules & regulations.
The practice of leadership is authoritarian.
It focuses on 5Ps: Power, Position, Production, Profit & Punishment.
It results workers’ dis satisfaction.
As a result Industrial Revolution got its root
Classical Theory emphasizes on both orders & rationality. It consists of basic rules & regulations for smooth running of the organizations.
Classical approaches can be explained in the following manner.
Scientific Management by F.W. Tayler, Frank & Gilbreth & Henry Gantt.
Administrative Management by Henri Fayol.
Bureaucratic Management by Max Weber
Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American engineer who is known as the Father of “Scientific Management” which studies the application of science in management.
According to Taylor there is “One Best Way” to do each thing.
He stressed on involvement of science for each element of man’s work to replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
Scientific training & development helped workers to perform in a better manner than allowing them to choose their own task & perform.
There was the development of spirit of hearty cooperation between workers & management.
Each group was assigned the task for which it was best fitted.
His studies helped to improve the working conditions of industrial workers & were instrumental in enhancing the productivity of the organization.
He propounded sound management practices by stressing on division of labor, scientific selection, placement & training of workers.
Taylor was also instrumental in introducing the differential piece rate system in organization.
His studies helped to improve the working conditions of industrial workers & were instrumental in enhancing the productivity of the organization.
He propounded sound management practices by stressing on division of labor, scientific selection, placement & training of workers.
Taylor was also instrumental in introducing the differential piece rate system in organization.
Piece Rate-Incentive System: Incentives are being received according to the maximum pieces produced.
Time-&-Motion Study: Jobs are broken down into various small tasks or motions & unnecessary motions are removed to find out the best way of doing a job.
Scientifically performing the job with proper selection & training.
Harmony between management & employees to perform the task.
Mental revolution towards the thought of workers who are not the mere wage earners. They are the assets.
The father of “Motion Study” are Frank & Gilbreth which involves finding the best sequence & minimum number of motions needed to complete a task.
Both were mainly involved in exploring new ways for eliminating unnecessary motions & reducing work fatigue.
They introduced the concept of “Therbligs” which consists of different basic motions like: Search, Select, Position & Hold.
In Pre-classical theory the structure of the organization is mechanical.
Its main focus is on work.
It emphasizes on order, rules & regulations.
The practice of leadership is authoritarian.
It focuses on 5Ps: Power, Position, Production, Profit & Punishment.
It results workers’ dis satisfaction.
As a result Industrial Revolution got its root
Classical Theory emphasizes on both orders & rationality. It consists of basic rules & regulations for smooth running of the organizations.
Classical approaches can be explained in the following manner.
Scientific Management by F.W. Tayler, Frank & Gilbreth & Henry Gantt.
Administrative Management by Henri Fayol.
Bureaucratic Management by Max Weber
Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American engineer who is known as the Father of “Scientific Management” which studies the application of science in management.
According to Taylor there is “One Best Way” to do each thing.
He stressed on involvement of science for each element of man’s work to replace the old rule-of-thumb method.
Scientific training & development helped workers to perform in a better manner than allowing them to choose their own task & perform.
There was the development of spirit of hearty cooperation between workers & management.
Each group was assigned the task for which it was best fitted.
The father of “Motion Study” are Frank & Gilbreth which involves finding the best sequence & minimum number of motions needed to complete a task.
Both were mainly involved in exploring new ways for eliminating unnecessary motions & reducing work fatigue.
They introduced the concept of “Therbligs” which consists of different basic motions like: Search, Select, Position & Hold.
Both are very famous for their experiment of reducing the number of motions in “Bricklaying”, by analyzing brick layers jobs & reducing the number of motions in bricklaying from 18.5-4.
Henry Laurence Gantt was a mechanical engineer & management consultant who is the most famous personality for developing “Gantt Chart” in 1910.
He is one of the associate of F.W. Taylor & his contribution is very helpful in project management task.
Gantt Chart is used for scheduling multiple overlapping tasks over a time period.
He focused on leadership qualities along with motivational schemes & emphasized the greater effectiveness of rewards for good work rather than penalties for poor performance.
He developed a “Pay Incentive System” with a guaranteed minimum wage & bonus for workers. If the workers completed their task before the standard time they would receive bonus definitely.
Henry Fayol is known as the Father of “Administrative Management”. He contributed fourteen management principles on the basis of his experience.
According to Fayol, the business operations of an organization can be divided into six activities: Technical, Commercial, Financial, Security, Accounting & Managerial.
These fourteen principles are: Specialisation of Labour, Authority, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
3. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
It was the rise of the Industrial
Revolution and factories were
becoming more common. Inside
these factories, managers were
constantly looking for ways to
improve productivity and
efficiency.
4. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Greater demand for factories and workers
Low price resulted to greater demand for products
Prices became low for the consumers
Machines were invented improving productivity
AN OVERVIEW TO
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
5. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
As factories increased in numbers, managers
continued to search for ways to;
• Improve productivity
• Lower cost
• Improve product quality
• Increase efficiency
6. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Professes the body of management
thought based on the belief that
employees have only economical
and physical needs and that the
social needs & need for job
satisfaction either does not exist or
are unimportant.
7. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
It advocates high specialization of
labor, centralized decision making &
profit maximization.
8. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Classical approach is the oldest formal school of
thought which began around 1900 and continued into
the 1920s.
• Its mainly concerned with the increasing the
efficiency of workers and organizations based on
management practices, which were an outcome of
careful observation.
9. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Classical approach mainly looks for the universal
principles of operation in the striving for economic
efficiency.
• Classical approach includes scientific, administrative
& bureaucratic management.
10. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Scientific
Management
Bureaucratic
Management
Administrative
Management
11. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Major Contributors to the
Classical Management Theories
Frederick W. Taylor
(1856-1915)
Franck Gilberth
Lillian Gilberth
(1878-1972)
Max Weber
(1864-1920)
Henri Fayol
(1841-1925)
13. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Scientific Management
also called Taylorism, is a theory of management that
analyzes and synthesizes workflows.
Its main objective is improving economic efficiency,
especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest
attempts to apply science to the engineering of
processes and to management.
14. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Scientific Management
Frederick W. Taylor, believed that even the most
basic, mindless tasks could be planned in a way
that dramatically would increase productivity.
To scientifically determine the optimal way to
perform a job, Taylor performed experiments that he
called time studies, (also known as time and motion
studies).
15. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Scientific Management
The main causes of inefficiency according to Taylor’s
theory;
The lack of standard tools or techniques
There is no match between skill and job
No motivation from the management
16. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Scientific Management
The four (4) Principles of Scientific Management;
1. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods
based on scientific study of the tasks
2. Scientifically select, train, and develop each worker
rather than passively leaving them to train themselves
17. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Scientific Management
The four (4) Principles of Scientific Management;
3. Cooperate with the workers to ensure that the
scientifically developed methods are being followed
4. Divide work nearly equally between managers and
workers, so that the managers apply scientific
management principles to planning the work and the
workers actually perform the tasks
19. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Bureaucratic Management
Emphasized the necessity of organizations to operate
in rational way instead of following the “arbitrary
whims” or irrational motions and intentions of owners
and managers.
20. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Bureaucratic Management
Six (6) Principles of Bureaucratic Management Approach
1. Proper Division of Labor
Division of labor specialization should be fixed and there should be
a balance between power and responsibilities.
2. Chain of Command
The chain of command or organizational hierarchy should be
constructed in a way that information related to decision and works
can flow effectively from top to bottom.
21. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Bureaucratic Management
Six (6) Principles of Bureaucratic Management Approach
3. Separation of personal and official property
Owners and organization’s assets are separate and can to be
treated as same by the owner or the organization.
4. Application of Consistent and Complete Rules
There should be proper rules and regulations in the organization for
running the organization.
22. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Bureaucratic Management
Six (6) Principles of Bureaucratic Management Approach
5. Selection and Promotion Based on Qualifications
The selection and promotion of workers should be based on
equalization’s like; skills, experience, age. It should not be
influenced by personal relations and benefits.
6. Training in job requirements and skills
There is a difference between management and other parts of
organization and training and improving skills of management is
important.
24. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Developed at same time as scientific management,
administrative theory "emphasized management
functions and attempted to generate broad administrative
principles that would serve as guidelines for the
rationalization of organizational activities”.
25. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
While Taylor reorganized from "bottom up",
administrative theorists looked at productivity
improvements from the "top down".
Administrative theorists developed general guidelines of
how to formalize organizational structures and
relationships. They viewed the job as antecedent to the
worker. Primarily these principles were broad guidelines
for decision making.
26. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Henry Fayol’s principles carries the concepts of
Administrative Management;
1. Division of Work – When employees are specialized, output can
increase because they become increasingly skilled and efficient.
2. Authority – Managers must have the authority to give orders, but
they must also keep in mind that with authority comes
responsibility.
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld in organizations, but
methods for doing so can vary.
27. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Henry Fayol’s principles carries the concepts of
Administrative Management;
4. Unity of Command – Employees should have only one direct
supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – Teams with the same objective should be
working under the direction of one manager, using one plan. This
will ensure that action is properly coordinated.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest –
The interests of one employee should not be allowed to become
more important than those of the group. This includes managers.
28. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Henry Fayol’s principles carries the concepts of
Administrative Management;
7. Remuneration – Employee satisfaction depends on fair
remuneration for everyone. This includes financial and non-
financial compensation.
8. Centralization – This principle refers to how close employees are
to the decision-making process. It is important to aim for an
appropriate balance.
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should be aware of where they stand in
the organization's hierarchy, or chain of command.
29. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Henry Fayol’s principles carries the concepts of
Administrative Management;
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be clean, tidy and safe for
employees. Everything should have its place.
11. Equity – Managers should be fair to staff at all times, both
maintaining discipline as necessary and acting with kindness where
appropriate.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Managers should strive to
minimize employee turnover. Personnel planning should be a
priority.
30. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
• Administrative Management
Henry Fayol’s principles carries the concepts of
Administrative Management;
13. Initiative – Employees should be given the necessary level of
freedom to create and carry out plans.
14. Esprit de Corps – Organizations should strive to promote team
spirit and unity.
31. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
THE CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Scientific
Management
Bureaucratic
Management
Administrative
Management
Focuses on the individual
worker’s productivity
Focuses on the overall
organizational system
Focuses on the functions
of management
Describe the pictures?
What could the pictures be all about?
Because of Industrial Revolution;
Low-Price = Increasing Demand
High Demand = High Need for Production
Because of Industrial Revolution;
Low-Price = Increasing Demand
High Demand = High Need for Production
Frederick Taylor was the father of the Scientific Management movement. Later on, the Gilberth couple developed other independent theories related to Taylor’s.
Frederick Taylor was the father of the Scientific Management movement. Later on, the Gilberth couple developed other independent theories related to Taylor’s.
Taylor further argued that scientific management of the work was more effective than the "initiative and incentive" method of motivating workers.
Frederick Taylor was the father of the Scientific Management movement. Later on, the Gilberth couple developed other independent theories related to Taylor’s.
Frederick Taylor was the father of the Scientific Management movement. Later on, the Gilberth couple developed other independent theories related to Taylor’s.