This document discusses assessment and intervention in school psychology. It describes several assessment methods used in school psychology including introspection, observation, experimentation, differential methods, and clinical methods. Introspection involves self-examination of inner thoughts and feelings. Observation allows inference of mental processes by watching external behaviors. Experimentation employs controlled experiments to study relationships between variables. Differential methods measure individual differences using statistical techniques. Clinical methods involve diagnosing and treating individuals' adjustment problems. The document also outlines several interventions used in school psychology such as modifying environments, attitudes, and providing guidance, counseling, and various therapies.

1. “School and Educational Psychology”
“Assessment and intervention”

2. “objectives”
After study this topic, student will be able to;
• Explain the assessment in school psychology.
• Describe introspection method.
• Explain the observational method in assessment of school
psychology.
• Briefly describe the the intervention in school psychology.

3. School psychology:
• School psychology is a field that applies principles of educational
psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology,
community psychology, and applied behavior analysis to meet
children's and adolescents' behavioral health and learning needs
in a collaborative manner with educators and parents.
• School psychologists possess the advance knowledge of the
experiments, theories and the empirical findings related to
the psychology.

4. “Assessment in school or educational
psychology”
• Assessment includes the following:
• Introspection method
• Observational method
• Experimental method
• Differential method
• Clinical method

5. “Introspection method”
• It the old method to study the behavior through a kind of self
examination of inner observation called introspection.
• Basically it mean looking within or looking inward
• It is a sort of self examination in which one perceives (one is
required to get inside one’s own mind).
• Analysis and report one’s own feeling and every thing that take
place in one’s mind during the course of mental act
• Example: in a state of anxiety, fear or anger one may asked to
determine by one’s own observation what one felt sensed and
thought at the time of experiencing that emotion.

6. “Observational method”
• It is the method of studying behavior consist of the perception of an
individual’s behavior under natural condition.
• By this method we can infer the mental process of other through
observation of their external behavior.
• It is indirect approach to the study of the mental process.
• If someone frowns, hoels, grinds his teeth , closes his fist, by
observing the external sign of his behavior , we say that he is angry.

7. “Experimental method”
• It is the most scientific and objective method of studying behavior.
• It lays emphasis on performing experiments in educational
psychology, experiment perform in laboratory, class-room,
outside the class room in physical or social setting to study the
relationship regarding the nature of human behavior.
• For example: the effect of anxiety, drugs or stresses, the effect of
intelligence, etc.
• From these observation certain conclusion are drawn or theories are
formulated.

8. “Differential method”
• It is based on individuals differences.
• Therefore, all the measures applied to the calculation of
individuals differences are included in this method.
• It is also name as normative survey method.
• It is sometime called the statistical method for the reason that
statistical technique become the major devices for the study of
individuals differences.

9. “Clinical method”
• The concept of clinical method is of dealing with the adjustment
problems of the individual for purposes of his optimum social
adjustment and welfare.
• This definition may help us to some of us the characteristics of the
nature and working of clinical method:
1. Clinical method IS applicable to an individual.
2. The individual has some problems.
3. Method or both diagnosis and treatment are involved in dealing
with this problems

10. “Intervention in educational psychology”
The major intervention in educational psychology are as:
• To modifying the environmental forces and the attitude of the
individuals.
• To modifying the physical and socio cultural environmental.
• The attitude of the parents or teachers and other toward
individuals.
• Guidance and counselling, Psychoanalysis.
• Techniques like auto suggestion hypnosis, psychodrama, role
playing.
• Therapy like psychotherapy, group therapy, play therapy,
attitude therapy etc.

11. “References”
• Text book: author “Surfaraz ahmad mayo”

12. Any question
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