Scanline rendering
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Scanline rendering is a common method used in computer graphics to render 3D scenes. It works by breaking scenes down into individual geometric primitives and drawing them one scanline at a time from top to bottom. A Z-buffer tracks which parts of the scene are closest to the camera to remove hidden areas as primitives are rendered. Individual polygons are rasterized into micropolygons and each pixel is colored correctly based on attributes like normal, depth and texture coordinates compared to the existing Z-buffer value.
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The presentation contains animations and it can not play properly! Please send e-mail to get the original one: sinaee@ce.sharif.ir
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Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers. Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with help from specialized graphical hardware and software. It is a vast and recent area in computer science.
Sergey A. Sukhanov, "3D content production"
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Distinctive image features from scale invariant keypoint
Distinctive image features from scale invariant keypoint
Similar to Scanline rendering
Computer Graphics Notes
The document provides an overview of an introductory computer graphics course. It outlines the course objectives of understanding fundamental graphical operations, recent advances in computer graphics, and user interface issues. It then lists and briefly describes the main topics that will be covered in the course, including basic raster graphics, 2D transformations, clipping, filling techniques, 3D graphics, visibility, and advanced topics like rendering, raytracing, antialiasing and fractals.
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GDSC KIIT Huddle Session 4 - "Graphics Pipelining"
Cna yuo raed tihs?
Ever wondered how?
Imagine, every pixel, every color, every detail harmoniously coming together to present this very message. If you're intrigued by how this digital canvas works, then prepare to be intrigued even further.
Are you the aspiring game developer, craving a solid foundation in GUI intricacies?
Or perhaps, a budding designer yearning to unravel the screen's layout with a more discerning eye?
Or maybe you're the tech enthusiast, eager to decode the magic behind every pixel.
Well, you're in for a treat!
GDSC KIIT proudly presents our latest Huddle Tech Talk that promises to quench your curiosity. Allow us to introduce:
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Event Details:
Date: August 27, 2023
Time: 10:30 am - 12:00 pm
Venue: C-WL-101, Campus 14, KIIT University
If you're interested in decoding how modern displays work and unraveling the way all the layers come together to present this screen to you, then this event is for you. Don't miss out on understanding the very medium through which you're engaging with this message.
So, mark your calendar, set your sights on the screen, and prepare to be captivated in a way that only GDSC KIIT can deliver.
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Task 2
An API is a set of routines and protocols that allows software developers to build applications. It provides standard ways to develop applications that will work within an operating system. Popular 3D graphics APIs like OpenGL and Direct3D define standard pipelines that graphics hardware uses to process 3D scenes and convert them into 2D images for display. The graphics pipeline involves several stages including clipping, lighting, texturing, rasterization, and display.
Technologies Used In Graphics Rendering
The document discusses various technologies used for graphics rendering, including pixels, resolution, frame rate, GPUs, rendering, anti-aliasing, ambient occlusion, high dynamic range rendering, anisotropic filtering, PhysX, motion blur, depth of field, vertical sync, bloom, bump mapping, particle systems, and crepuscular rays. It provides examples of these techniques and how they are used to produce more realistic computer graphics images, especially in video games. Future areas that may improve graphics are also mentioned like parallel processing, virtual reality headsets, and higher resolution displays.
04. The Rendering Pipeline
In this course concepts and requirements of the video game development will be taught. Students will get familiar to the fundamentals of the game industry and finally put all the learned stuff together to work on a small game project.
Automatic no. plate recognition
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1. Introduction of Computer Graphics
This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as the creation, representation, manipulation and display of pictures with a computer. It discusses the key components of computer graphics including modeling, storing/representation, manipulation/transformation, rendering, interaction, and viewing/presentation. It also covers related concepts like pixels, resolution, aspect ratio, and the differences between raster and vector displays. Finally, it discusses applications of computer graphics and different character generation methods.
Graphics pipelining
A complete lecture on graphics pipelining.
A very important concept that every graphics person should understand.
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Any License plate recognition system usually passes through three steps of image processing: 1) Extraction of a license plate region; 2) Segmentation of the plate characters; and 3) Recognition of each character. A number of algorithms have been proposed in recent times for efficient disposal of the application. The purpose of this project was to develop a real time application which recognizes number plates from cars at a gate, for example at the entrance of a parking area or a border crossing. The system, based on regular PC with mobile camera, catches video frames which include a visible car number plate and processes them. Once a number plate is detected, its digits are recognized, displayed on the User Interface or checked against a database.The software aspect of the system runs on mobile hardware and can be linked to other applications or databases. It first uses a series of image manipulation techniques to detect, normalize and enhance the Image of the number plate, and then optical character recognition (ocr) to extract the alpha numeric text of number plate. The system are generally deployed in one of two basic approaches: one allows for the entire process to be performed at the lane location in real-time. The other will reveal the driver’s profile by checking in the registered database.
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The managers achieve organizational objectives by getting work from
others and not performing in the tasks themselves.
Management is an art and science of getting work done through people.
It is the process of giving direction and controlling the various activities
of the people to achieve the objectives of an organization Management is a universal process in all organized, social and economic activities. Wherever
there is human activity there is management.
Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group activity. A
central directing and controlling agency is indispensable for a business concern. The productive
resources –material, labour, capital etc. are entrusted to the organizing skill, administrative ability
and enterprising initiative of the management. Thus, management provides leadership to a
business enterprise. Without able managers and effective managerial leadership the resources of
production remain merely resources and never become production. Management occupies such an
important place in the modern world that the welfare of the people and the destiny of the country
are very much influenced by it.
1.2 MEANING OF MANAGEMENT
Management is a technique of extracting work from others in an integrated and co-ordinated
manner for realizing the specific objectives through productive use of material resources.
Mobilising the physical, human and financial resources and planning their utilization for business
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1.3 DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
Management may be defined in many different ways. Many eminent authors on the subject have
defined the term "management". Some of these definitions are reproduced below:
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organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the
use of people and resources".
According to James L Lundy - "Management is principally the task of planning, co¬ordinating,
motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective",
In the words of Henry Fayol - "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to
co-ordinate and to control".
According to Peter F Drucker - "Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and
manages managers and manages worker and work".
In the words of J.N. Schulze - "Management is the force which leads, guides and directs an
organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object".
In the words of Koontz and O'Donnel - "Management is defined as the creation and maintenance
of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups can
perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals".
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Scanline rendering
- 1. A short introduction into the work with scanline rendering. Scanline rendering is the preferred method for creating most computer graphics in moving images for example for 3D configurators. A special implementation called REYES is so popular that it has almost become the standard in this industry. Scanline rendering is also the method used by video games and mosz scientific and technical visualization programs. Scanline algorithms are also implemented cost-effectively in many hardware solutions. In scanline rendering, drawing is achieved by iterating component parts of scene geoemtry primitives. If the number of output pixels remains constant, the render time tends to increase linearly proportional to the number of primitives. OpenGL and Photorealistic Renderman are two examples of scanline rendering. Before drawing, a Z or depth buffer containing as many pixels as the output buffer is assigned and initialized. The Z buffer is like a height field facing the camera and tracks which part of the scene geometry is closest to the camera, making it easier to remove hidden areas. The Z buffer can store additional attributes per pixel or assign other buffers to achieve this goal. As long as the primitives are not arranged in the order of back-to-front painting and have no pathological depth problems, a Z buffer is mandatory. For each primitive, it either consists of an easy-to-draw part or can be split into such parts. Triangles or polygons that fit into screen pixels are called micropolygons and represent the smallest size a polygon needs to draw. The assignment of colors to output pixels using these polygons is called rasterization. After finding out which image pixel positions the corners of a polygon occupy, the polygon is scanned into a series of horizontal or vertical stripes. Since each scanline is passed pixel by pixel, different attributes of the polygon are calculated so that each pixel can be colored correctly. These include area normal, scene position, Z buffer depth, and polygon s, t coordinates. If the depth of a polygon pixel is closer to the camera than the value for the respective screen pixel in the Z buffer, the Z buffer is updated and the pixel is displayed in color. Otherwise, the polygon pixel is ignored and the next one is tried.