Invited lecture of the Simposium N "Surface Engineering - functional coatings and modified surfaces" at the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, in João Pessoa (Brazil). The lecture took place on September 29th, 2014.
The speaker was Christopher Muratore, "Wright Brothers Institute Endowed Chair Professor" at the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering from University of Dayton (USA).
Fabrication and Characterization of 2D Titanium Carbide MXene NanosheetsBecker Budwan
Typically, 2D free-standing crystals exhibit different properties from those of 3D counterparts. In this work, 2D nanosheets of Ti3C2 are synthesized by the room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid. Al is extracted from Ti3AlC2 and a new 2D material that we call MXene is formed to emphasize its graphene-like morphology. The treated powders can be used in the fabrication of Li-ion batteries and capacitors. A NSEM image of the treated powder shows the influence of HF treatment on the basal planes. Furthermore, XRD results shows the broadening of the peaks and loss of diffraction signal in the out-of-plane direction owing to exfoliation.
Fabrication and Characterization of 2D Titanium Carbide MXene NanosheetsBecker Budwan
Typically, 2D free-standing crystals exhibit different properties from those of 3D counterparts. In this work, 2D nanosheets of Ti3C2 are synthesized by the room temperature exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid. Al is extracted from Ti3AlC2 and a new 2D material that we call MXene is formed to emphasize its graphene-like morphology. The treated powders can be used in the fabrication of Li-ion batteries and capacitors. A NSEM image of the treated powder shows the influence of HF treatment on the basal planes. Furthermore, XRD results shows the broadening of the peaks and loss of diffraction signal in the out-of-plane direction owing to exfoliation.
In this presentation, you will be familiar with VSM and Magnetic characterization of materials, especially ferromagnetic materials via their magnetic hysteresis loop.
II. Charge transport and nanoelectronics.
Quantum Hall Effect: 2D electron gas (2DEG) in magnetic field, Landau levels, de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas Effects, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, Spin Hall Effect.
Quantum transport: Transport regimes and mesoscopic quantum transport, Scattering theory of conductance and Landauer-Buttiker formalism, Quantum point contacts, Quantum electronics and selected examples of mesoscopic devices (quantum interference devices).
Tunneling: Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (and wavefunction mapping in nanostructures and molecules), Nanoelectronic devices based on tunneling, Coulomb blockade, Single electron transistors, Kondo effect.
Molecular electronics: Donor-Acceptor systems, Nanoscale charge transfer, Electronic properties and transport in molecules and biomolecules; single molecule transistors.
In this presentation, you will be familiar with VSM and Magnetic characterization of materials, especially ferromagnetic materials via their magnetic hysteresis loop.
II. Charge transport and nanoelectronics.
Quantum Hall Effect: 2D electron gas (2DEG) in magnetic field, Landau levels, de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas Effects, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, Spin Hall Effect.
Quantum transport: Transport regimes and mesoscopic quantum transport, Scattering theory of conductance and Landauer-Buttiker formalism, Quantum point contacts, Quantum electronics and selected examples of mesoscopic devices (quantum interference devices).
Tunneling: Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (and wavefunction mapping in nanostructures and molecules), Nanoelectronic devices based on tunneling, Coulomb blockade, Single electron transistors, Kondo effect.
Molecular electronics: Donor-Acceptor systems, Nanoscale charge transfer, Electronic properties and transport in molecules and biomolecules; single molecule transistors.
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
This research, presented at the 2014 APS March Meeting in Denver, Colorado, characterizes magnetic phase transitions in the manganese-doped dichalcogenide TaS2.
지난 세기, 인류는 원자의 발견과 양자물리학의 발전을 통해 우리 삶을 바꾸는 새로운 물질들을 찾아낸 바 있습니다. 우리가 사용하는 문명의 이기 뒤에는 과학자들의 쉼없는 노력에서 탄생한 물질이 큰 역할을 하기도 합니다. 이 강연에서는 과학자들이 새로운 물질을 찾기 위한 여러 노력을 탄소 나노 물질의 합성과 그 성질에 관한 연구과정을 예로 들어 설명하려고 합니다.
An Elementary Introduction to Intermetallics in Ball BondsChristopher Breach
This short presentation gives a brief introduction to intermetallics in wire bonds on aluminum metallization. This is an excerpt from a 2-day training course on the materials science of wire bonding.
Inaugural lecture for Tomasz Liskiewicz, Professor of Tribology and Surface Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Faculty of Science and Engineering
The COREMA system allow for non-destructive resistivity testing of semi-insulating wafers made with materials such as SiC, GaN, GaAs and CdZnTe. The range is 1E5- 1E12 ohm-cm.
In-situ TEM studies of tribo-induced bonding modification in near-frictionles...Deepak Rajput
A presentation on "In-situ TEM studies of tribo-induced bonding modification in near-frictionless carbon films" made by Deepak Rajput. This presentation was based on "critical review of a paper," in All Things Carbon course offered at the University of Tennessee Space Insitute at Tullahoma in Fall 2009.
Laser based coatings and freeform fabrication on graphite. This work was done at the Center for Laser Applications (CLA) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) at Tullahoma.
MSE503 Seminar, Fall 2009, UTSI
In the present study, coatings were deposited on CrC-NiCrFeSiBCoC(80%-20% )a
Fe based SS316 steel substrate to reduce the damage caused by erosion boiler
applications. Erosion studies were conducted on uncoated as well as HVOF coated steels.
The erosion experiments were carried out using an air-jet erosion test rig according to
ASTM G-76 standard at a velocity of 30 m/s and at different impingement angles of 30°,
60° and 90°. The HVOF spraying leads to a high retention of CrC in the coating matrix
accompanied with lower porosity The high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed CrCNiCrFeSiBCoC(
80%-20% )coatings on 316SS boiler tube steal exhibit composite ductile
or brittle modes of erosion under angular alumina sand erodent of size 50 impacted
at 30m/s. The HVOF spraying leads to a high retention of CrC in the coating matrix
accompanied with lower porosity.
Influence of Ion Beam and Carbon Black Filler Type on the Mechanical and Phys...Editor IJCATR
Five types of carbon black nanofillers, namely Intermediate Super-Abrasion Furnace ISAF (N220), High-Abrasion Furnace
HAF-LS (N326), Fast Extruding Furnace FEF (N550), General Purpose Furnace GPF (N660) and Semi-Reinforcing Furnace SRF-HS
(N774) were incorporated with butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) in order to improve its physical properties. Young's modulus was
found to increase with nanofiller content. Percolation concentration was detected in mechanical as well as in Physico-chemical behavior.
The experimental values of the normalized Young's modulus fit well with Pukanszky et al. model; taking into consideration the difference
in carbon black-filler type. It is noticed that the characteristic time of swelling in toluene, τ is higher for NBR loaded with 30 phr ISAF
and for the rest of samples it increases with increasing of particle size. Finally oxygen ion beam irradiation for percolative loading NBR
nanocomposites increases Young's modulus nearly by 2-3 times.
Experimental Study to Improve the Tribological Behaviors of M50 Steel via WS2...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Experimental Study to Improve the Tribological Behaviors of M50 Steel via WS2 Solid Lubricant under High Temperatures by Essa FA* in Crimson Publishers: Journal of Materials Science & Technology
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
Abstract: In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time (Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained
Transition Metal Coatings on Graphite via Laser ProcessingDeepak Rajput
This presentation was made by Deepak Rajput at the International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics in Orlando (on November 3, 2009).
Apresentação do Dr. Felipe de Campos Carreri (ISIEngenharia de Superfícies) no 1° Workshop de Tecnologias a Plasma para o Setor Automotivo, realizado em Belo Horizonte (MG) em 3 de agosto de 2017, pelo ISI de Engenharia de Superfícies (participante do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies).
Apresentação de Prof. José Rubens Gonçalves Carneiro (PUC Minas) no 1° Workshop de Tecnologias a Plasma para o Setor Automotivo, realizado em Belo Horizonte (MG) em 3 de agosto de 2017, pelo Instituto SENAI de Inovação em Engenharia de Superfícies (participante do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies).
Seminário proferido na Universidade de Caxias do Sul em junho de 2017 para estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação pelo prof. Carlos A. Figueroa, pesquisador da seção UCS do Instituto.
Palestra proferida na seção UCS do Instituto em 04/04/17 por Felipe de Campos Carreri, pesquisador no Instituto SENAI de Inovação em Engenharia de Superfícies, Belo Horizonte. Diversos produtos e materiais com quem todos temos contato no dia-a-dia se devem à inovações na área de Engenharia de Superfícies. A necessidade de inovar se torna cada vez mais clara às indústrias que desejam se manter competitivas e presentes no mercado. Porém, em muitos casos, as demandas por parte da indústria por novas funcionalidades e propriedades de materiais está à frente da maturidade das tecnologias em nível de pesquisa básica, tornando mais desafiadora a pesquisa aplicada para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Esta apresentação tem como objetivo, apresentar algumas destas demandas à comunidade acadêmica, incentivando esforços para pesquisa básica em alguns pontos chave, de forma a facilitar no futuro a aplicação de novas tecnologias. Serão apresentadas também algumas tendências e exemplos de casos onde vêm ocorrendo inovações significativas, especialmente na área de tecnologias de plasma para modificação de superfícies. As tendências mostram um aumento da multidisciplinariedade na área, criando interações entre engenharia de materiais, engenharia mecânica, elétrica e computação de forma a criar equipamentos e processos inovadores.
Seminário proferido pelo pesquisador Thiago Burgo (Unicamp) em 26 de agosto de 2015 para cerca de 20 estudantes e professores, na seção UCS (Caxias do Sul, RS) do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies.
Seminário apresentado pelo professor Vladimir Trava Airoldi, da seção INPE do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies, em Caxias do Sul, na seção UCS do Instituto, no dia 4 de agosto de 2015, para cerca de 20 estudantes e professores.
Resumo de trabalho sobre o fenômeno de superlubrificação entre superfícies cerâmicas realizado no Laboratório de Fenômenos de Superfície, associado ao Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies.
Invited lecture of the Simposium N "Surface Engineering - functional coatings and modified surfaces" at the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, in João Pessoa (Brazil). The lecture took place on September 29th, 2014.
The speaker was Tiberiu Minea, Professor at Université Paris-Sud (France), President of the French Federation of Scientific Societies and President of the Scientific and Technical Committee at the French Vacuum Society.
Invited lecture of the Simposium N "Surface Engineering - functional coatings and modified surfaces" at the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, in João Pessoa (Brazil). The lecture took place on September 29th, 2014.
The speaker was Prof. Amilton Sinatora (Escola Politécnica da USP, São Paulo state, Brazil).
Invited lecture of the Simposium N "Surface Engineering - functional coatings and modified surfaces" at the XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting, in João Pessoa (Brazil). The lecture took place on September 30th, 2014.
The speaker was Professor Christoph Genzel, from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), in Germany, where he heads the Department of Microstructure and Residual Stress Analysis and he coordinates a group of diffraction and scattering. Genzel is also Associate Professor at the Technische Universität Berlin.
Workshop oferecido no dia 26 de agosto de 2014 na Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) pelo professor Deniol Tanaka, professor titular da Escola Politécnica da USP (EPUSP), doutor em Engenharia Metalúrgica pela EPUSP, mestre em Ciências pelo ITA e engenheiro mecânico pela UNESP. O workshop foi realizado com a participação de cerca de 40 pessoas, entre outras, graduandos de Engenharias e Fotografia, mestrandos e doutorandos de Materiais e profissionais de empresas.
A workshop formou parte da programação do 1º Seminário de Tecnologia, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Social do Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Tecnologia (CCET) da UCS e foi patrocinado pelo Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies.
ATENÇÃO: O arquivo original desta apresentação tem várias animações. Faça download do arquivo se deseja apreciar a apresentação com animações.
Palestra proferida pelo professor Deniol Tanaka (Escola Politécnica da USP), estudioso de Leonardo da Vinci desde a década de 1970. A apresentação ocorreu no UCS Teatro (teatro da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, UCS, no Rio Grande do Sul) na noite de 25 de agosto de 2014, com um público de cerca de 800 pessoas. Foi a palestra inaugural do 1º Seminário de Tecnologia, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Social do Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Tecnologia (CCET) da UCS e também a palestra comemorativa dos 10 anos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Materiais (PGMAT) da UCS. A palestra foi patrocinada pelo Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies.
ATENÇÃO: O arquivo original desta apresentação tem várias animações. Faça download do arquivo se deseja apreciar a apresentação com animações.
Seminário proferido por Iñigo Braceras Izagirre, do Centro de P,D e I TECNALIA (San Sebastián, Espanha) na seção UCS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies, no dia 17 de abril para um público de cerca de 30 estudantes e professores.
Arquivo do seminário proferido no dia 29 de agosto pelo professor Roberto Martins (USP) na seção UCS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies sobre métodos numéricos na análise de esforços de contato em sistemas com e sem revestimento para um público de cerca de 20 estudantes de graduação e pós e professores.
Arquivo do seminário apresentado pelo professor Fernando Alvarez, pesquisador da seção Unicamp do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies, no dia 20 de agosto de 2013, na seção UCS do Instituto, para um público de 30 estudantes e professores de cursos de graduação e pós-graduação.
Arquivo do seminário apresentado pelo doutor Alexandre Martins Barros, diretor do Instituto SENAI de Inovação em Engenharia de Superfícies, no dia 4 de abril na seção UCS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies para um público de 30 estudantes e professores.
Palestra apresentada por Carlos A. Figueroa, co-fundador da Plasmar Tecnologia (empresa spinoff da seção UCS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies), na Câmara de Indústria, Comércio e Serviços de Caxias do Sul em 24 de agosto de 2012 para cerca de 200 pessoas e na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, no dia 1° de novembro, para cerca de 20 professores e estudantes.
Este livro eletrônico reúne 17 artigos de divulgação escritos por pesquisadores do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies sobre processos, materiais, aplicações e métodos da engenharia de superfícies. Faça download aqui ou entre em contato para solicitar o PDF: http://engenhariadesuperficies.com.br/fale-conosco.asp.
Versão do seminário apresentado por Celia Olivero (Horiba) na seção UCS do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies no dia 28 de junho para um público de 18 estudantes, professores e profissionais de empresas.
Apresentado pelo professor Israel Baumvol para lideranças dos sindicatos parceiros da seção UCS do Instituto, na CIC-Caxias do Sul no dia 27 de junho de 2012.
More from Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies (20)
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides.
1. Mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties of
transition metal dichalcogenides
Christopher Muratore
University of Dayton Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH USA
Research funded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research
Laboratory, and Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute
SBP MAT XIII
Joao Pessoa, Brazil
September 29, 2014
2. key co-workers (mechanical)
AFRL co-workers
Voevodin Zabinski Hu Bultman Safriet
External collaborators
Aouadi
Southern Illinois U.
Rebelo de Figueiredo
Mitterer
U. of Leoben, Austria
Wahl
Naval Research Lab
Sawyer
U. of Florida
Clarke
Harvard University
(ex) students and post docs, including: Matt Hamilton (UF), Tim Smith (OSU),
Rich Chromik, Colin Baker (NCSU), Jason Steffens (UF) and D’Arcy Stone (SIU)
3. key co-workers (thermal and electronic)
Vikas Varshney-MD simulations
Jamie Gengler—laser spectroscopy (TDTR measurements)
Mike Jespersen—XPS analysis
John Bultman—thin film growth, XPS
Aman Haque (PSU)—device nanofabricaton and characterization
Jianjun Hu—Transmission electron microscopy
Andrey Voevodin—XPS analysis
Ajit Roy—MD simulations
Current students, Randall Stevenson, Jessica Dagher, Phil Hagerty, Rachel Rai
4. tribology: study of contact interfaces in relative motion
(friction and wear of materials)
Wear of stainless steel
(collaboration with Sawyer, University Florida)
5. interferometric analysis of wear tracks during sliding tests
c. wear track analysis (adaptive
nanocomposite)
b. friction data (adaptive nanocomposite)
results from AFRL/UF collaboration found in Tribo. Lett. 32 (2008)92
a. instrument
contact
interferometer
objective
reciprocating
stage
coating
6. sensitivity of graphite to ambient atmosphere
(Ramadanoff & Glass, Trans. AIEE, 1944)
Laboratory testing to accompany flight tests conducted in Areas A & C
7. sensitivity of graphite to ambient atmosphere
(Ramadanoff & Glass, Trans. AIEE, 1944)
Laboratory testing to accompany flight tests conducted in Areas A & C
8. sensitivity of graphite to ambient atmosphere
(Ramadanoff & Glass, Trans. AIEE, 1944)
Laboratory testing to accompany flight tests conducted in Areas A & C
10. sensitivity of graphite to ambient atmosphere
(Ramadanoff & Glass, Trans. AIEE, 1944)
Laboratory testing to accompany flight tests conducted in Areas A & C
12. an overarching materials science dilemma: linking performance
Existing and future
aircraft are loaded
with mission critical
interfaces that must
operate in extreme
environments
to structure & composition
Performance measured in air at
temperatures between -50 to >800 oC
Physical limits on ambient
conditions required for
materials characterization
are often very different
than operating
environments
Structure and composition
measured in a UHV environment
Drawing courtesy of Greg Sawyer
properties
performance
processing
structure & composition
“materials science tetrahedron”
13. results available from prior in situ macroscopic tribology studies
Low temperature
lubricant (MoS2)
-Raman studies
-composition and thickness of transfer film
-relationship between friction coefficient
and transfer film thickness
-interferometry studies
-steady state wear rates
-correlation of friction and coating wear
-electron microscopy studies
-atomic scale view of contact pair
Optical
image of
contact
interface
14. interferometric and spectroscopic analysis of
interfacial films through wear counterpart
a. instrument b. transfer film thickness data (Pb-Mo-S coating)
slide courtesy of Sawyer and Wahl
c. wear track analysis (Pb-Mo-S film)
transfer film after sliding
as-deposited Pb-Mo-S coating
15. results available from prior in situ macroscopic tribology studies
Low temperature
lubricant (MoS2)
-Raman studies
-composition and thickness of transfer film
-relationship between friction coefficient
and transfer film thickness
-interferometry studies
-steady state wear rates
-correlation of friction and coating wear
-electron microscopy studies
-atomic scale view of contact pair
Optical
image of
contact
interface
16. preparation of contact pair cross-section for TEM analysis
FIB cutting
applied load
P
Ga+
Ga+
Ga+
Ga+
Sample
1) re-deposition
of incident Ga+
ions from cutting
beam and
sputtered carbon
welds loaded
contact in place
re-depos. mat.
2) friction
contact is now
preserved on
surface
10 mm
3)liftout of
cross-section
wear counterpart
film
Si substrate
Tribol. Lett. 32 (2008) 49
17. 5nm
HRTEM of sliding contact interface
wear counterpart
randomly
oriented film
5 nm
-atomic scale reorientation and recrystallization of
TMD surface at contact interface
-in situ technique holds promise for identifying where
sliding takes place and how friction is reduced at
solid-solid interfaces
each line represents
one S-Mo-S layer
Mo-W-S-Se composite film
Tribol. Lett. 32 (2008) 49
18. Interactive ISS experiments for in situ characterization of
materials in space environments
Test
apparatus
NASA Image
FIB welding of loaded
interface
Demonstration of multi-phase
nanocomposites for terrestrial &
space applications (AFRL/AFOSR
MURI/industry collaboration)
MoS2/graphite
inclusions in ceramic
matrix
250 mm 25 mm
10 nm
5 cm
Atomic structure at contact interface
Environmental adaptation of mechanical properties
MISSE 7 test-bed
2 nm
19. knowledge gaps remaining with previously
demonstrated in situ techniques
-Raman studies
-surface chemistry of coating leading to
changes in friction coefficient?
-coating failure mechanisms?
-interferometry studies
-surface chemistry leading to friction events?
-high temperature friction events?
-electron microscopy studies
-high temperature friction events?
-low throughput!
20. measurements during tests in diverse
environments allow instantaneous
identification of surface chemistry to reveal:
sample rotation
Raman tribospectrometer for in situ measurements
cut-away of heater
assembly
high temperature
Raman probe
V-block
mount
test
sample
Raman
spectrometer
scattered light
Ar laser
ball
holder
laser sampling
area
objective
lens
friction contact
-wear & failure mechanisms of coating materials
-onset temperature for oxidation or sublimation
-evolution of compound formation
nitrogen cooling
line
21. TiCN: interesting but difficult
(low Raman intensities)
objective: develop an
understanding of TiCN run
in process using in situ
Raman analysis of WT
22. 0 cycles 515 cycles 1035 cycles
1200 1400 1600 1800
Raman shift (cm-1)
1200 1400 1600 1800
Raman shift (cm-1)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
friction coefficient
number of cycles
1200 1400 1600 1800
Raman shift (cm-1)
2076 cycles
1200 1400 1600 1800
Raman shift (cm-1)
3638 cycles
1200 1400 1600 1800
Raman shift (cm-1)
in situ detection of amorphous carbon decay
during “run in” of TiCN
a-C a-C a-C
Tribo. Lett. 40 (2010)
amorphous
carbon peak
is absent after
peak friction
coefficient is
reached
23. carbon hydrogenation induced by wear in humid air
2900 3000 3100 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
2900 3000 3100 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
friction coefficient
number of cycles
2900 3000 3100 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
a-C:H
2076 cycles
2900 3000 3100 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
a-C:H
3638 cycles
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
a-C:H a-C:H
0 cycles 515 cycles 1035 cycles
Tribo. Lett. 40 (2010)
hydrogenated
carbon signal
increases as
test
progresses
24. complimentary observations of transfer film during sliding
on TiCN at 25% RH using NRL technique
100
80
60
40
20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Coefficient of friction
Number of cycles
Transfer film thickness (nm)
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
C-H
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
C-H
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
G G
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
1400 1600
Raman shift (cm-1)
D
Raman shift (cm-1)
1000 2000 3000 4000 14000
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
13500 cycles
4680 cycles
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
3638 cycles
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
2076 cycles
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
515 cycles
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
1400 1600
3000 3200
Raman shift (cm-1)
1000 cycles
Coefficient of friction
Number of cycles
0 cycles
D
C-H
G
D
C-H
Generation
of wear
debris
Lubricious C-H
film sliding on
TiCN
Transfer film
accumulation
Tribo. Lett. 40 (2010)
25. 1000
500
1000
750
500
250
wear of MoS2 at 330-350 oC
1000
750
500
250
1000
750
500
250
0-6500 cycles
MoO3
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 15000
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
friction coefficient
number of cycles
200 400 600 800 1000
0
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
200 400 600 800 1000
0
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
200 400 600 800 1000
0
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
200 400 600 800 1000
0
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
330 °C
MoS2
7100 cycles
From the data we can
see :
(a) the evolution of the
wear track
composition from
MoS2 (at 330 °C)
(b) to a mixture of
MoS2/MoO3 (7000
cycles)
(c) the failed coating
where the
substrate peak is
just as prominent
as the coating
8100 cycles
8700 cycles
Increase temperature
to 350 °C
MoO3
MoO3
MoS2
MoS2
MoS2 Si
Wear 270 (2011)
(a)
(b)
(c)
26. Ann. Rev. Mat. Res. 39 (2010)
environmentally adaptive nanocomposites
27. catalytic tribo-oxidation at elevated temperatures
YSZ-20%Ag-10%Mo-8%MoS2
MoO
Ag2MoO 4
-1
MoO
Mo
O
Mo
O
MoO
Mo
O
coatings relying on both
lubrication mechanisms yield
record low friction
coefficients for the 25-700 °C
temperature range
10
10
5
MoS2
MoS2
MoS2
1000 cycles
at 300 °C
5
MoS
2 MoS
2 MoS
2
200 400 600 800
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
10
0
MoO 3
MoO 3
MoO 3
Ag2MoO 4
Ag 2MoO 4
Ag2Mo4O7
5
Ag2Mo4O7
Ag2MoO 4
Ag2Mo4O7
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm ) -1
1000 cycles
at 700 °C
MoS2 transfer film
at moderate temperatures
S catalyzes Ag--Mo-O
formation at high temperatures
YSZ-24%Ag-10%Mo
0 200 400 600 800
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
YSZ-20%Ag-10%Mo-8%MoS2
friction coefficent
temperature (°C)
O-Ag-O
layer
Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 4125
Ag2MoO4
Ag-O bond (220 kJ mol-1)
Mo-O bond (560 kJ mol-1)
O-Ag-O
layer
O-Ag-O
layer
mixed
MoO3 and
AgO layers
analogous
to MoS2?
Ag
Mo
O
200 400 600 800
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm-1)
400 800 1200
MoO
3
Ag
2
4
MoO
3
Ag
2
4
7
MoO
3
Ag
2
4
Ag
2
MoO
4
Ag
2
4
7
Ag
2
4
Ag
2
4
7
Raman shift (cm-1)
Scripta Materialia 62 (2010) 735–738
28. Ann. Rev. Mat. Res. 39 (2010)
environmentally adaptive nanocomposites
29. surprisingly low thermal conductivity for MoS2
MEMS heater device
Free-standing
MoS2
ribbon
Very steep thermal gradient means
k is much lower than we expected
30. simulation results: in-plane & out-of-plane
dQ dt
Very small phonon group velocity across basal planes dx
hot cold
In plane phonons have high group velocity
2.26 nm
Tilted view of
simulated MoS2
crystal
k across basal planes: 4.2 W m -1K-1
k along basal planes:: 18.0 W m-1 K-1
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
A dT
/
k
Step 1: Forces from bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions calculated
and verified by simulating vibrational modes
Step 2:Thermal conductivity calculated from Fourier Law analysis of steady
temperature gradient in the crystal using this equation:
1
i
i i i C v l
3V
-group velocity
li-phonon mean free path
Predicted differences in thermal conductivity due to
crystal anisotropy
k
Ci-spectral heat capacity
ni
Comp.Mat.Sci. 48 (2010)
31. Mode-Locked
Ti:Sapphire (140 fs) 775-830 nm
80 MHz
Electro – Optic Modulator
@ 9.8MHz
Variable Delay
RF Lock – in Amp.
Sample Photodiode
Translation Stage
Lens
Iris
Ref.
CCD
Camera
OPO
505-1600 nm
Pulse Spectrometer
Compressor
Lens Lens
l Filter
Signal
time domain thermal reflectance (TDTR) measurement technique
TDTR schematic
Cahill, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 (2004) 5119
Comp. Sci. Technol. 14 (2010), 2117
probe pump
reflective layer
material of
interest
quantified
interface for
conductance
sample architecture for TDTR
32. orientation control of layered atomic structures
(100) oriented
[lower rate & ion energy]
(002) oriented
[higher rate & ion energy]
substrate
reactive surface [2]
surface energy~25,000 mJ m-2
substrate
MoS2 (100) edge planes
Deposited atoms
are more likely to
desorb from
(002) surface if
burial is slower
than 1 second
1 second desorption 1 second t
1 1 /
E RT
e
c oc
desorption
a
k v
t
Desorption time is
long on (001)
planes allowing
growth at low
deposition rates
5 nm
Thin Solid Films 517 (2009)
Crystal orientation dependence on
growth rate and ion energy magnetron
sputtering
Control of MoS2
orientation via
plasma power
modulation
Processing development enables studies of anisotropic
crystal properties
MoS2 (002) basal planes
33. demonstration of orientation control of MoS2
X-ray diffraction data
Log-plot shows all orientations
are accessible by selecting
appropriate sputtering process
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
anneal
repeat until desired
thickness is obtained
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
intensity (arb. units)
2 (degrees)
MoS2
(002)
MoS2
(100)
/intermittent sputtering
Intermittent sputtering for strong
002 orientation
deposit 5
atomic layers
example diffractogram of
highly oriented sample
34. orientation and exposure history dependence on
MoS2 thermal conductivity
MoS2
Depiction of Al cap
Al
MoS2 capped with Al in vacuo
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
50 nm pristine MoS2
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
intensity (arb. units)
2 (degrees)
(002)
(004)
Inconel
substrate
Both orientations show k values ~4 x
lower than predicted
002 bulk crystal
0 50 100 150 200
10
1
0.1
(002) pristine
amorphous
(002) 48 hour exposure
(100) pristine
Thermal Conductivity (W m-1K-1)
Thickness (nm)
5 nm
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 1008
35. Pulsed dc with
TMD target
XRD of MoS2 and WS2 films cross-sectional TEM shows
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
2000
1500
1000
500
0
intensity (arb. units)
2 (degrees)
MoS
2
WS
2
TEM of WSe2 film
film surface
substrate
5 nm
PVD processing of all MoX2 and WX2 TMDs
Identical
microstructures
under similar
conditions (T, P, etc.)
basal plane alignment
36. manipulating Slack parameters for k reduction: role
of film structure and composition
N = 6 for all compounds
g = 2
measured and predicted thermal conductivities for 20 nm
(002) oriented transition metal dichalcogenide films
10 x reduction of k for thin films
with identical microstructures
Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (2013)
37. scattering at domain boundaries accounts for
10X reduction in thermal conductivity
Simulated acoustic phonon dispersion for TMD materials
Calculation of scattering length by
summing scattering sources:
TEM of WSe2 film
film surface
substrate
5 nm
Domain sizes ~ 3-10 nm
3 1/3
BM N D
2
g
k
T
38. simulation results: in-plane & out-of-plane
dQ dt
Very small phonon group velocity across basal planes dx
hot cold
In plane phonons have high group velocity
2.26 nm
Tilted view of
simulated MoS2
crystal
k across basal planes: 4.2 W m -1K-1
k along basal planes:: 18.0 W m-1 K-1
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
A dT
/
k
Step 1: Forces from bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions calculated
and verified by simulating vibrational modes
Step 2:Thermal conductivity calculated from Fourier Law analysis of steady
temperature gradient in the crystal using this equation:
1
i
i i i C v l
3V
-group velocity
li-phonon mean free path
Predicted differences in thermal conductivity due to
crystal anisotropy
k
Ci-spectral heat capacity
ni
Comp.Mat.Sci. 48 (2010)
39. simulated defect scattering
1 interface
2 interfaces
3 interfaces
4 interfaces
6 interfaces
20 interfaces
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
Heat Flow
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
16 (2014) 1008
Simulated value consistent with
50 W m-1K-1 value reported by:
Sahoo et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013) 9042
40. Naik and Muratore
Geim et al. et al.
Tri-layer
MoS2
Few-layer
graphene 5 Å
robust transistors
Potential to build synthetic superlattices with no
consideration of lattice constant
large strain
accommodation for
flexible electronics
Kis
et al.
2D molecular sensors with
enhanced sensitivity/selectivity
Yoon
et al.
what are 2D TMDs good for?
Muratore
et al.
MoSe2
MoS2
200 250 300 350 400 450
intensity (arb. units)
Raman shift (cm)-1
30% lattice mismatch
accommodation at interface
Easy growth of
multilayers
41. summary of 2D TMD processing SOTA
Solution-based or mechanical exfoliation Chemical vapor deposition
C. Lee et al. ACS Nano 4 2010
a
Zhan et al. small 8 2012
Interflake scattering
inhibits application
Contamination and
structural changes inhibit
application
Najmaei et al.Nat.
Mater. 12 2013
Najmaei et al.Nat.
Mater. 12 2013
van der Zande Nat.
Mater. 6 2013
K. Kaasbjerg, PRB 85
(2012)
42. UHV synthesis for pristine surfaces and interfaces
XPS analysis
Synthesis chamber
chamber
Loa
d
lock
Composition
measured in
vacuuo after
growth
After 1 hour
exposure to
22 oC air at
15%
humidity
Mo (+4)
S
240 236 232 228 224 220
binding energy (eV)
Mo (+4)
edge oxidation
MoO3 S
240 236 232 228 224 220
binding energy (eV)
43. sputtering without energetic particle damage
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
100000
10000
1000
100
10
intensity (arb. units)
kinetic energy (eV)
It takes about 8 eV to create a
vacancy via sputtering a sulfur
atom from MoS2
1
Incident ion energies can be
modulated to stay below this
threshold
1Komsa, et al. Phys. Rev. B 88 (2013) 035301
A narrow window of growth
rates, energetic particle fluxes
and energies results in high
quality, ultra-thin TMD films
at low temperatures
Kinetic energy of incident flux
defect
generation
threshold
44. uniform application of TMD films over large areas
Growth
<250 oC
Hybrid technique for evaluating uniformity over
large areas
5 layer MoS2 on thermally grown
SiO2 ,R = 5 nm
46. are films really “large area”?
Hall mobility measurements via Van der Pauw technique over 1 cm
sample
architecture
5 mm
450 mm Si
(1-10 ohm-cm)
n-type/P doped
300 nm SiO2
cross-sectional
view
physical
isolation
Strong T
dependence
above D
Weak T
dependence
thin MoS2
47. increasing domain size via increased thickness
Domain size increase with thickness reduces mobility
(maybe)—increased phonon-electron coupling?
Z = S2s/k
Promising development
for TE applications
48. summary and conclusions
• Just like the best tribological coatings, scalable 2D TMD synthesis accessible by physical
vapor deposition techniques such as sputtering, etc.
• comparison of different dichalcogenides with similar microstructure demonstrate
strong composition dependence of k, consistent with Slack law prediction
– uniform translation of measured k values suggests effect of TMD micro- or atomic structure
• very low thermal conductivity (0.07<k<0.25 W m-1 K-1) measured for thin film members
of TMD family of compounds
• Suggested mechanism for massive mobility in PVD TMDs related to coherent nanoscale
domains
• Just like MoS2 coatings revolutionized aerospace tribology, they will impact hot
technological areas including ultra-efficient thermoelectrics and selective biosensors