Save water in vineyards
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Water Conservation.pptx
This document provides information about water conservation. It discusses various goals of water conservation like understanding the need for monitoring water usage. It then discusses typical household water usage and gives facts about bathroom usage claiming nearly 75% of water. It provides many tips for conserving water in bathrooms, showers, toilets, kitchens, laundry and outdoors through practices like installing water efficient fixtures, shorter showers, only running full loads of dishes and clothes. It also discusses greywater systems, xeriscaping and identifying leaks using a water meter.
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原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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Save water in vineyards
- 1. How much water does it take to grow grapes?
- 3. Wine is Awesome But how much water does a vineyard use?
- 4. • California makes 90% of all U.S. wine • 4,100 bonded wineries (nearly all family owned) • 214.6 million cases produced • 5,900 wine grape growers • 570,000 acres of wine grapes • 4.24 million tons of wine grapes harvested Source: Wine Institute, http://www.wineinstitute.org/
- 5. • IME also estimates that 30-50% (1.2 billion tons of all food produced is lost before reaching a human stomach, and water required to meet food demand in 2050 could about triple the current amount used annually by humans Common beverages Amount of Water Milk 255 liters per 250 ml glass Wine 109 liters per 250 ml glass Beer 74 liters per 250 ml glass Tea 27 liters per 250 ml cup Water needed to produce common beverages (Institute of Mechanical Engineers)
- 6. On average, it takes 6 gallons of water to produced 1 gallon of wine
- 7. It’s up to California • Wineries are conserving water • Wineries are reducing water • At UC Davis Research winery, they’ve achieved a 4.5 gallons of water to produce a gallon of wine.
- 8. What Water? • Backwash/effluent from process water system • Ion exchange regeneration • General sanitation/crush equipment • Product fermentation • Tank Washing • Filtration
- 9. What are Vineyard managers doing to conserve water?
- 10. In Paso Robles Vineyard managers are saving water by: • Pressure Bombs to measure sap flow and water needs of vines (J. Lohr) • Dry Farm IE, rely on rainfall for deep rooted vines (Turley Wine Cellars) • Monitor soil moisture is all sections of vineyard, to optimize irrigation ( Pear Vineyards Valley ) • Use recycled wastewater from winery plus rainwater collection (Pear valley Vineyards) • Use rainwater collection to feed pond used as source for irrigation water (Halter ranch) • Select cover crops to give soil better structure and allow water and nutrients to penetrate to root depth (Pipestone Vineyards)
- 11. What Vintners can do additionally to Reduce their Water Consumption • Plant Grapes with Drought Tolerant Root Stocks • Eliminate Excessive Weed or cover Crop Growth • Install modern drip Irrigation • Use Deficit Irrigation, ie less water applied than potential need • Reduce use of sprinkler frost protection—Use wind machines or othe • Expand Use of Moisture sensors - (Source: San Luis Obispo Tribune)
- 12. Drip Irrigation • Less water used overall • Can vary amount used with weather conditions, vows, stress requirements
- 13. Root Stock Examples of Deep Root Stock for Wine Grapes • Ramsey, 140Rv, 1103P, 110R Targets include: • Salt and Drought Tolerance • Disease and Pest Resistance • Vigor and other Growth • Characteristics • Notes: Fumigants are often used before planting vineyard. Soil preparation, choice of irrigation method, and soil nutrient addition affect success of rootstock and variety elections.
- 14. A Sustainable Winery FarNiente Winery and Vineyards Far Niente (Napa) and its sister wineries follow an integrated program of sustainable measures affecting vineyard, winery and day-to-day business practices.
- 15. Far Niente's sustainable wineries are: • Solar powered, net-zero users of electricity • Organically farmed vineyards • Reuse process water from winery operations for vineyard irrigation and frost protection. • Power farming vehicles with biodiesel fuel. • Replaced conventional company cars with hybrid-engine vehicles. • Recycle extensively at the wineries.
- 16. How does your winery save water? • Tell us! Info(at) winsecrets.com
- 17. Presentation by www.winesecrets.com Information Courtesy of James N. Seiber Department of Environmental Toxicology University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Valentino Tiangco and Joselito Real RST Cellars Davis, CA