There is an immediate need for water conservation due to factors like variation in rainfall, limited areas for water storage, uncertainty of precipitation, and future water needs. Rainfall varies greatly from place to place and season to season in India. Only 9% of India has adequate rainfall, while 40% is semi-arid. Future population growth will increase water demands for uses like public supply, agriculture, industry, and power. Conservation efforts should target domestic, industrial, and agricultural water use through techniques like fixing leaks, reducing water use, reuse and recycling of water, more efficient irrigation methods, and construction of water harvesting structures.

1. BVM Engineering college, V.V.Nagar 1
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA
Subject : hydrology and water
resources engineering
Year : 3rd (5th sem-Civil)
Water Conservation
Compiled by:
GAGAL DEVRAJ H. 140073106006
Guided by : J.R.Pitroda
Reshma Mam

3. Need for conservation of water
 There are several reasons or points which will stress
that there is immediate need for the conservation of
water. Some of them are discussed here.
 The list is not the end but is beginning two start in
direction.

4.  In over country major areas which forcing us to go for
conservation are :
 1. variation in rainfall
 2. areas of water storage
 3. uncertainty of precipitation
 4. future need

5. variation in rainfall
 There is a large variation in the rainfall from season to
season, place to place and time to time.
 The annual average rainfall in north east is almost
hundred times of that of annual average rainfall in
western part of India.
 For example in Meghalaya rainfall 11000mm
Rajasthan rainfall 100mm.

6. Areas of water storage
 There are e some locations(9% total) in our country,
where there is minimum rainfall is called arid regions
and 40% part of country is semiarid.
 Arid region rainfall less than 500mm
and semiarid region rainfall 500 to 1000mm.

7. Uncertainty of rain
 Natural factors are playing important role for the
rainfall and forms of rain.
 There are area where good crop is gain but because of
uncertainty of rainfall, the failure of crop can occur. Is
know as drought prone areas.
 Example
 Assam and Meghalaya.

8. Future needs
 Day by day increase population of country so increase
water requirement.
 For example in our country population increase in
estimated more than 1.5 % per annum.
 Some of the needs of near future are
 1) public water supply=52 cubic kilometer
 2)agricultural use =770 cubic kilometer
 3)industrial use=120 cubic kilometer
 4) hydroelectric power need=71 cubic kilometer
 5) other use=37 cubic kilometer

9. Measures for water conservation
 1) domestic conservation
 2) industrial conservation
 3) agricultural conservation

10. domestic conservation
 Verify your home is leak free.
 Turn off water while brushing teeth.
 Close tap while soaping and rinsing clothes.
 Use waste water of clothes to clean the floor.
 Develop habit of monitoring water meter.

11. Industrial conservation
 Install waste water treatment in factory.
 Reuse the cooling water for gardening and irrigation.
 Develop new plant process which require less water.
 Use such equipment which require less water.

12. Agricultural conservation
 Use drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
 Avoid flooding method for irrigation.
 Avoid excess irrigation.
 Reducing losses from canals and seepage losses from
canals.
 By constructing structures like
 1) check dams
 2) Khet talawadi
 3) Eurthen bund.

13. Reference
 www.wikipidia.com
 Book of engineering hydrology by k.subramanya
 www.waterconservation/india.com

14. Thank you…..
BVM Engineering college, V.V.Nagar