Salts are ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and base. Salts exist in many colors and can be transparent, opaque, metallic, or lustrous. They are used for various industrial purposes like water conditioning, deicing, and producing chemicals. Salts can be produced through deep shaft mining, solution mining, or solar evaporation. Deep shaft mining involves drilling, blasting, crushing, and transporting salt rock, while solution mining dissolves salt beds with injected water that is then pumped out and evaporated.

1. SALTS

2. HISTORY
The word salt comes
from the Latin word
‘salarium’ meaning
salary.

3. SALT
In chemistry, salts are
ionic compounds that result
from the neutralization reaction
of an acid and a base.

4. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Color
–Transparent
–Opaque
–Metallic
–Lustrous

5. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Salts exist in many different colors:
Yellow (Sodium chromate)

6. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Orange (Potassium dichromate)

7. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Red (Cobalt nitrate)

8. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Blue (Copper sulfate pentahydrate)

9. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Purple (Potassium permanganate)

10. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Green (Nickel chloride hexahydrate)

11. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Colorless

12. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Taste
Five Basic Tastes
1. Salty (sodium chloride)
2. Sweet (lead diacetate)
3. Sour (potassium bitartrate)
4. Bitter (magnesium sulfate)
5. Umami (monosodium glutamate)

13. PROPERTIES OF SALT
Conductivity
Liquid salts (solution of salts)
conduct electricity

14. INDUSTRIAL USES
Water Conditioning
Food Grade Salt
Agriculture
Highway Deicing
Industrial Chemicals

15. INDUSTRIAL USES
A. Water Conditioning
Softens the water avoiding scale build-up
on water appliances.

16. INDUSTRIAL USES
A. Water Conditioning
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride

17. INDUSTRIAL USES
B. Highway De-icing

18. INDUSTRIAL USES
B. Highway De-icing
Sodium chloride
the most widely
used de-icing agent

19. INDUSTRIAL USES
C. Industrial Chemicals
Example:
The chlor-alkali industry uses
salt, primarily as salt in brine
from captive brine wells, to
produce chlorine and caustic
soda.

20. INDUSTRIAL USES
CAUSTIC SODA
An element used in making
glass, rayon, polyester and
other synthetic fibers,
plastics, soaps and
detergents.

21. INDUSTRIAL USES
CHLORINE
Used primarily in
producing polymers that are
used in manufacture of
plastics, synthetic fibers and
synthetic rubber; also used in
crude oil refining, for making
pesticides; in household
bleach, water treatment and
sewage treatment.

22. INDUSTRIAL USES
A. Metal processing
B. Remove impurities
C. Separate rubber from latex
D. Vitrifying the surface of heated clays

23. SALT PRODUCTION
THREE POSSIBLE WAYS
1. Deep-shaft mining
2. Solution mining
3. Solar evaporation

24. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
At the base of the
rock, using a machine
called an Under
Cutter, an opening is
made at the bottom of
the rock face.

25. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
Then using and electro-
hydraulic rotary drill,
holes are carefully made
on the rock face.

26. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
The face is then blasted,
by charging the holes
with explosives.

27. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
To make transporting the
rock easier, it is crushed
to about the size of a
soccer ball; using a
feeder- breaker.

28. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
It is then transported to
the “main crusher” by
means of a conveyor belt,
and is broken down into
smaller pieces.

29. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
It is also has to go
through a screen or sieve
to make sure that is an ok
size for use.

30. SALT PRODUCTION
DEEP-SHAFT
MINING
The salt is then lifted to
the surface.

31. SALT PRODUCTION
Solution Mining
Wells are built over salt
beds or domes, then
water is ejected into the
salt to dissolve it.

32. SALT PRODUCTION
Solution Mining
The solution is then
pumped out, and taken to
the plant where it will be
evaporated.

33. SALT PRODUCTION
Solution Mining
What will be left will be
the salt, which will be
prepared for use.

34. SALT PRODUCTION
Solar Evaporation