class 10 chemistry

1. Salts
t
Ionic
compounds which are
produced after
neutralisation reaction between acid & base .
E HCl + NaOH → NaCl +
H2O
@alt)
* Most of the salts are soluble in water .
Family of salt :
salts
having common + ve or
- we radicals .
Ex: Nacl & Caa
,
→
belong to chloride
family
Caso
,
& lack →
belong to calcium
family.

2. Nature of salts -
Based on
pH of Salle
Neutral Salt Acidic Salt Basic Salt
It 1 It
salt produced by salt produced by salt
produced by
oexn
of strong acid
rxnofstrongaeid rxnofweakacid
&
strong base .
& weak base &
strong base
pH=7 pH less than 7- pH is
greater
than 7 .
E¥.
Nacl, Mayson E Ammonium chloride Ex:
Naacoz ,
(NHqC1);(NHu)zS04
Kel,
etc
Naltcozete

3. Chemicals from Common Salt
Common Salt : NaCl ,
sodium chloride
• Also known as Table Salt
* sources → sea water ,
rock salt
I
Rock salt is Deposits of solid
brown in
salt . These are
←
large crystals
colour
t
due to presence of impurities .
Common salt -
A raw material for chemicals
like NaOH ,
baking soda
,
bleaching powder,
etc

4. LI ) Caustic soda :
chemical name : sodium
hydroxide
chemical formula: NaOH
PrqHn : Chlor-
alkali process
aclcaq) + Hzot)
ÉÉ NaOH +
Clzt Hz
T
Brine
Anode Cathode
ltses:
Hz Clz NaOH
•
As fuel • Water treatment •
Degreesing of metals
• In
making margarine
.
Manufacturing of
•
Manufacture of paper
•
Making of ammonia
PVC •
Manufacture of
•
Pesticides .
soaps &
detergents .
for fertilisers

5. (1) Bleaching Powder : → Yellowish while
chemical name : calcium
oxychloride
chemical formula:
Caoclz
Preparation :
Ca@H
)
,
-1 Clz → Ca 042 + H2O
bleaching
powder
Uses :
Used as
disinfectant to clean water
• Used
for bleaching of cotton in textile
industry ,
bleaching of
wood
pulp in
paper industry
•
Bleaching powder is used as
oxidising agent
in
many
industries such as textile
industry .

6. )
Baking soda
chemical name : sodium
hydrogencarbonate
chemical formula :
Natlcoz
Preparation :
By Solvay process
NaCl t
H2O 1-
coz +
NHz→ Natl
coz + Ntlgcl
* Thermal decomposition of baking soda
NAHCO
,
-0
> Nagcoz 1-
coz -1 110
Uses :
① Used as an antacid
Cii ) It is also used in
fire extinguishers

7. Ciii ) Used for making baking powder.
Baking powder :
Ingredients
C)
Baking
soda mild edible acid
v11 like tartaric acid
Role : Nah
coz
-0
>
Nasncoztco,
t
mild base → +
Hao
of
which gives
It
helps to remove
bitter make bread 4 cake bitter taste due to
taste soft &
spongy
.
formation of Nazcoz .

8. (E) Washing soda
chemical name : sodium carbonate deca
hydrate
chemical formula:
Nazcoz-
10h20
Preparation :
step 1 : NaCl -1 Hzo + coz 1-
NHz→ Natl coz + Ntlycl
stepII : Natlcoz -0
> Nails 1- coz + tho
stepII : Re
crystallisation of Nazca
Naz coz
+ 10
H2O →
Nazcoz-
101120
Uses :
1) Cleaning of cloths
m
) for
making detergents , glass &
paper
industries
(iiij Removal
of permanent hardness of water .