Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission in a controlled nuclear reactor. Safety measures are crucial given the risks of radiation. Reactors have multiple redundant safety systems, including control rods to regulate the fission reaction, cooling systems to prevent overheating, shielding to block radiation, and strict limits on radiation exposure. Nuclear waste is also carefully disposed of through segregation, filtration, dilution and burial or storage to isolate it from the environment. Emergency response plans are in place in case of any accidents. With proper precautions, nuclear energy can be harnessed safely for its tremendous power potential without harm.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The steam does not come into contact with radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants produce far more energy from uranium fuel than fossil fuel plants and produce no greenhouse gases, but nuclear waste requires careful storage and disposal.
The document describes a pressurized water reactor (PWR). A PWR uses uranium oxide fuel clad in zircaloy and pressurized water as both the coolant and moderator. The heated water from the reactor core transfers its heat to a steam generator to produce steam that drives a turbine and generates electricity. A key component, the pressurizer, maintains the coolant system at a higher pressure than the boiling point of water at operating temperatures. While PWRs are stable and have separate coolant loops, they have higher costs and complexity than other reactor designs.
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
This document discusses nuclear power plant safety and economics. It covers three main sources of radioactive contamination from nuclear power generation. It also discusses safety measures for nuclear power plants including siting them away from population centers and having proper safety systems. The document outlines the economics of nuclear power plants, including capital costs, fuel costs, and operations and maintenance costs. It provides examples of how to calculate costs per kilogram of uranium used as fuel.
This document provides an overview of biomass energy. It discusses that biomass is a renewable source of energy derived from organic material like wood, waste, and crops. Biomass can be converted into useful energy through combustion, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and liquid biofuels. In India, biomass potential is estimated at 95,000 MW and technologies like biogas from waste and co-generation in sugar mills are being utilized. While biomass energy has advantages like being indigenous and reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages like being dispersed and of low energy density.
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
This document discusses nuclear energy and its various aspects. It begins by describing the first nuclear reactor, which was a group of bacteria in Africa. It then explains key concepts like nuclear fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, and the three types of uranium found in nature. The document also covers radiation and its health effects, radioactive decay and half-life, and the different types of nuclear radiation. It discusses issues like nuclear waste and accidents at power plants. In general, the document provides a broad overview of nuclear energy topics.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission in a controlled nuclear reactor. Safety measures are crucial given the risks of radiation. Reactors have multiple redundant safety systems, including control rods to regulate the fission reaction, cooling systems to prevent overheating, shielding to block radiation, and strict limits on radiation exposure. Nuclear waste is also carefully disposed of through segregation, filtration, dilution and burial or storage to isolate it from the environment. Emergency response plans are in place in case of any accidents. With proper precautions, nuclear energy can be harnessed safely for its tremendous power potential without harm.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The steam does not come into contact with radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants produce far more energy from uranium fuel than fossil fuel plants and produce no greenhouse gases, but nuclear waste requires careful storage and disposal.
The document describes a pressurized water reactor (PWR). A PWR uses uranium oxide fuel clad in zircaloy and pressurized water as both the coolant and moderator. The heated water from the reactor core transfers its heat to a steam generator to produce steam that drives a turbine and generates electricity. A key component, the pressurizer, maintains the coolant system at a higher pressure than the boiling point of water at operating temperatures. While PWRs are stable and have separate coolant loops, they have higher costs and complexity than other reactor designs.
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
This document discusses nuclear power plant safety and economics. It covers three main sources of radioactive contamination from nuclear power generation. It also discusses safety measures for nuclear power plants including siting them away from population centers and having proper safety systems. The document outlines the economics of nuclear power plants, including capital costs, fuel costs, and operations and maintenance costs. It provides examples of how to calculate costs per kilogram of uranium used as fuel.
This document provides an overview of biomass energy. It discusses that biomass is a renewable source of energy derived from organic material like wood, waste, and crops. Biomass can be converted into useful energy through combustion, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and liquid biofuels. In India, biomass potential is estimated at 95,000 MW and technologies like biogas from waste and co-generation in sugar mills are being utilized. While biomass energy has advantages like being indigenous and reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages like being dispersed and of low energy density.
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
This document discusses nuclear energy and its various aspects. It begins by describing the first nuclear reactor, which was a group of bacteria in Africa. It then explains key concepts like nuclear fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, and the three types of uranium found in nature. The document also covers radiation and its health effects, radioactive decay and half-life, and the different types of nuclear radiation. It discusses issues like nuclear waste and accidents at power plants. In general, the document provides a broad overview of nuclear energy topics.
This presentation provides an overview of nuclear power plants, including their history, key components, and operation. It discusses the basics of nuclear fission and nuclear fuel, and describes the major components of a nuclear reactor like control rods, steam generators, turbines and coolant pumps. It outlines different types of nuclear reactors including boiling water, pressurized water and heavy water reactors. The presentation also provides details about India's nuclear power program and its plans to significantly expand nuclear power generation in the coming decades.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be used as a renewable energy. It rarely occurs naturally on Earth as H2. There are three main production methods - chemical reforming, electrolysis, and thermochemical processes. Chemical reforming, also called steam reforming, uses high temperatures to produce hydrogen. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Thermochemical processes employ chemical reactions and heat to produce hydrogen at lower temperatures than steam reforming. Fuel cells that use hydrogen have higher efficiencies than gasoline engines and can power vehicles. Further improvements to hydrogen production and fuel cells are needed to enable widespread use.
The document discusses wind energy potential and offshore wind potential. It provides information on how wind is created due to differences in atmospheric pressure and heating from the sun. It also describes the basic working principle of wind turbines, how they convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy. Offshore wind potential in India is discussed, with the country having a long coastline and EEZ that provides good potential for offshore wind farms.
Hydrogen has the highest energy content by mass of any fuel and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons. It has a non-polluting burning process. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, including electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical processes, and from fossil fuels. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Filter press electrolyzers are most widely used due to their ability to operate at high current densities and production rates. There are challenges to storing hydrogen including its low density and challenges maintaining it as a liquid. Storage methods include high pressure gas, liquid storage using cryogenics, underground storage, and chemically storing it in metal hydrides.
A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.
Enrico Fermi is considered to have invented nuclear power, along with his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1942, by successfully demonstrating the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that uses the temperature difference between warm surface ocean water and cold deep sea water to produce electricity. There are three types of OTEC systems - closed loop, open loop, and hybrid. OTEC takes advantage of the sun's energy absorbed and stored in the ocean to drive a turbine that generates electricity. In addition to power generation, OTEC can provide desalinated water, refrigeration, air conditioning, and support aquaculture. While high capital costs currently limit OTEC, it has potential as a renewable source of clean energy without emissions.
The document provides an overview of tidal energy, including:
- Tidal energy harnesses the gravitational pull of the moon and sun to generate waves that can be captured by tidal turbines or barrages.
- While tidal power has been used since the 9th century, the first large tidal power plant was built in France in 1967 and generates 240 MW.
- Tidal energy has advantages like being predictable and having high energy density, but also challenges like high costs and potential environmental impacts.
- The document discusses different tidal energy technologies and their applications, environmental effects, and regulatory considerations.
This document discusses tidal power and tidal energy generation. It begins with an introduction to tidal power and the causes of tides. It then describes the different types of tides and tidal barrages used in tidal power plants. The main parts of a tidal power plant including the barrage, sluice gates, and turbine generators are explained. Advantages like being renewable and efficient and disadvantages like high costs and environmental impacts are highlighted. Major tidal power plants currently operating in the world are briefly mentioned. The future potential of tidal energy is discussed in the conclusion.
Offshore wind farms provide a green source of energy and have significant advantages over onshore wind farms. The document discusses the history and types of wind turbines and wind farms, including horizontal-axis and vertical-axis turbines. Offshore wind farms are located at sea and Europe leads in offshore wind power development. Challenges of offshore wind farms include difficulties building structures in deep water and risks from waves and hurricanes. Both offshore and onshore wind farms provide pollution-free energy but also have ecological impacts that must be considered.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the origins of winds and factors that affect wind distribution. It then describes the key components of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) including the rotor, nacelle, tower, and foundation. It also discusses Betz's law on turbine efficiency and introduces vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) as an alternative design.
A steam power plant generates electrical power through a process of converting the chemical energy in fossil fuels into mechanical energy that drives electric generators. Coal is burned to produce steam and raise the steam's temperature and pressure in boilers. The high-pressure steam spins turbines that are coupled to generators, converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy. Steam power plants provide electric power and steam for industrial processes like manufacturing.
The boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor that is used to generate electrical power. In a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which boils and turns to steam to directly drive a turbine. The steam then goes to a condenser and is converted back to liquid water before returning to the reactor core. This differs from a pressurized water reactor where the heated water does not boil. BWRs have advantages like higher thermal efficiency due to eliminating a heat exchanger circuit and using a lower pressure vessel than PWRs. However, BWRs also have disadvantages such as potential radioactive contamination of turbine mechanisms and requiring more elaborate safety precautions.
India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves. It aims to increase access to electricity and transition to more renewable resources like solar and wind over the long term. Currently, coal contributes over half of India's primary energy while oil and natural gas make up most of the remainder. The document outlines India's current energy sources and consumption patterns as well as strategies to improve efficiency, expand electricity access, develop renewable energy, and transition its energy mix to be more sustainable.
Coal-based thermal power plants generate electricity through a four stage process. In the first stage, coal is burned in a boiler to produce heat energy. In the second stage, this heat is used to convert water to high-pressure steam. The third stage involves using this steam to spin turbines connected to generators. Finally, in the fourth stage the rotational energy of the turbines is converted to electrical energy. Key components of coal power plants include the coal handling system, boiler, steam turbine, condenser, ash handling system, and electrical equipment. Newer ultra-supercritical technologies can improve the efficiency and reduce emissions of coal power generation.
This document discusses nuclear energy and its uses. It describes how nuclear fission and fusion work to produce energy. Nuclear fission splits atoms to release energy, which is used in nuclear power plants. Nuclear fusion joins atoms together and occurs in the sun. The basic principle of a nuclear power plant is to produce heat energy through a nuclear fission core, which then converts it to mechanical and electrical energy. The document also lists some advantages like large energy production and lack of air pollution, and disadvantages such as radiation, non-renewability, and accidents.
The document discusses steam power plants and their components. It begins with classifying power plants based on the energy source used to generate electricity. It then describes the basic working of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle to convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy via steam turbines. The major components of a modern steam power plant are identified including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and generator. The document further discusses the layout and circuits involved in steam power plants, with a focus on coal handling and combustion systems. Different types of stokers and their working mechanisms are explained.
India's electricity sector has an installed capacity of 250 GW as of 2014. Thermal power makes up the majority at 87.5% of capacity, while renewable sources like hydro, solar and wind make up the remaining 12.5%. Coal fired plants account for 59% of India's installed capacity. India faces challenges in meeting rising demand due to insufficient domestic coal reserves and transmission and distribution losses. However, the government is promoting renewable energy and aims to increase nuclear and hydro power generation to meet its growing needs in a sustainable manner.
In this presentation a brief introduction is given on parts of wind turbine, classification of wind turbines, importance of wind turbines, current status like installed capacity (annual and cumulative) . Then there is a explanation on theory behind the design of wind turbine blades i.e, AERODYNAMICS OF WIND TURBINES which includes explanation about shape of an aerofoil, its different parameters, lift force, drag force, different equations about lift drag force, NACA profiles, Blade Element Momentum Theory, etc.
PWR is the most common type of nuclear reactor, representing about 60% of all nuclear power reactors in the world.
PWRs keep water under pressure so that it heats, but does not boil.
Water from the reactor and the water in the steam generator that is turned into steam never mix. In this way, most of the radioactivity stays in the reactor area.
Light Water Cooled
Gas turbine power plants work by compressing air which is then mixed with fuel and ignited in a combustion chamber. This powers a turbine, which drives both a generator to produce electricity and the air compressor. Gas turbines have three main parts - an air compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. They can use fuels like oil, natural gas, or pulverized coal and are used for power generation especially for peak loads or as backup. Advantages include easier fuel storage and handling as well as lower maintenance costs compared to steam plants.
Power point presentation on Nuclear Power in IndiaMoniSarker
This is a ppt on Nuclear Power in India.Firstly a rough idea about Nuclear Power is given and then most of the slides point out the activities regarding Nuclear Power occuring in India .
List of Nuclear power plants in India and the World. Information about the construction, safety features, environmental effects of Kudankulum Nuclear Power Plant. Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Advanatges and disadvantages Nuclear Plant.
This presentation provides an overview of nuclear power plants, including their history, key components, and operation. It discusses the basics of nuclear fission and nuclear fuel, and describes the major components of a nuclear reactor like control rods, steam generators, turbines and coolant pumps. It outlines different types of nuclear reactors including boiling water, pressurized water and heavy water reactors. The presentation also provides details about India's nuclear power program and its plans to significantly expand nuclear power generation in the coming decades.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be used as a renewable energy. It rarely occurs naturally on Earth as H2. There are three main production methods - chemical reforming, electrolysis, and thermochemical processes. Chemical reforming, also called steam reforming, uses high temperatures to produce hydrogen. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Thermochemical processes employ chemical reactions and heat to produce hydrogen at lower temperatures than steam reforming. Fuel cells that use hydrogen have higher efficiencies than gasoline engines and can power vehicles. Further improvements to hydrogen production and fuel cells are needed to enable widespread use.
The document discusses wind energy potential and offshore wind potential. It provides information on how wind is created due to differences in atmospheric pressure and heating from the sun. It also describes the basic working principle of wind turbines, how they convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy. Offshore wind potential in India is discussed, with the country having a long coastline and EEZ that provides good potential for offshore wind farms.
Hydrogen has the highest energy content by mass of any fuel and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons. It has a non-polluting burning process. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, including electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical processes, and from fossil fuels. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Filter press electrolyzers are most widely used due to their ability to operate at high current densities and production rates. There are challenges to storing hydrogen including its low density and challenges maintaining it as a liquid. Storage methods include high pressure gas, liquid storage using cryogenics, underground storage, and chemically storing it in metal hydrides.
A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.
Enrico Fermi is considered to have invented nuclear power, along with his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1942, by successfully demonstrating the first controlled self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that uses the temperature difference between warm surface ocean water and cold deep sea water to produce electricity. There are three types of OTEC systems - closed loop, open loop, and hybrid. OTEC takes advantage of the sun's energy absorbed and stored in the ocean to drive a turbine that generates electricity. In addition to power generation, OTEC can provide desalinated water, refrigeration, air conditioning, and support aquaculture. While high capital costs currently limit OTEC, it has potential as a renewable source of clean energy without emissions.
The document provides an overview of tidal energy, including:
- Tidal energy harnesses the gravitational pull of the moon and sun to generate waves that can be captured by tidal turbines or barrages.
- While tidal power has been used since the 9th century, the first large tidal power plant was built in France in 1967 and generates 240 MW.
- Tidal energy has advantages like being predictable and having high energy density, but also challenges like high costs and potential environmental impacts.
- The document discusses different tidal energy technologies and their applications, environmental effects, and regulatory considerations.
This document discusses tidal power and tidal energy generation. It begins with an introduction to tidal power and the causes of tides. It then describes the different types of tides and tidal barrages used in tidal power plants. The main parts of a tidal power plant including the barrage, sluice gates, and turbine generators are explained. Advantages like being renewable and efficient and disadvantages like high costs and environmental impacts are highlighted. Major tidal power plants currently operating in the world are briefly mentioned. The future potential of tidal energy is discussed in the conclusion.
Offshore wind farms provide a green source of energy and have significant advantages over onshore wind farms. The document discusses the history and types of wind turbines and wind farms, including horizontal-axis and vertical-axis turbines. Offshore wind farms are located at sea and Europe leads in offshore wind power development. Challenges of offshore wind farms include difficulties building structures in deep water and risks from waves and hurricanes. Both offshore and onshore wind farms provide pollution-free energy but also have ecological impacts that must be considered.
This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the origins of winds and factors that affect wind distribution. It then describes the key components of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) including the rotor, nacelle, tower, and foundation. It also discusses Betz's law on turbine efficiency and introduces vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) as an alternative design.
A steam power plant generates electrical power through a process of converting the chemical energy in fossil fuels into mechanical energy that drives electric generators. Coal is burned to produce steam and raise the steam's temperature and pressure in boilers. The high-pressure steam spins turbines that are coupled to generators, converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy. Steam power plants provide electric power and steam for industrial processes like manufacturing.
The boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor that is used to generate electrical power. In a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which boils and turns to steam to directly drive a turbine. The steam then goes to a condenser and is converted back to liquid water before returning to the reactor core. This differs from a pressurized water reactor where the heated water does not boil. BWRs have advantages like higher thermal efficiency due to eliminating a heat exchanger circuit and using a lower pressure vessel than PWRs. However, BWRs also have disadvantages such as potential radioactive contamination of turbine mechanisms and requiring more elaborate safety precautions.
India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves. It aims to increase access to electricity and transition to more renewable resources like solar and wind over the long term. Currently, coal contributes over half of India's primary energy while oil and natural gas make up most of the remainder. The document outlines India's current energy sources and consumption patterns as well as strategies to improve efficiency, expand electricity access, develop renewable energy, and transition its energy mix to be more sustainable.
Coal-based thermal power plants generate electricity through a four stage process. In the first stage, coal is burned in a boiler to produce heat energy. In the second stage, this heat is used to convert water to high-pressure steam. The third stage involves using this steam to spin turbines connected to generators. Finally, in the fourth stage the rotational energy of the turbines is converted to electrical energy. Key components of coal power plants include the coal handling system, boiler, steam turbine, condenser, ash handling system, and electrical equipment. Newer ultra-supercritical technologies can improve the efficiency and reduce emissions of coal power generation.
This document discusses nuclear energy and its uses. It describes how nuclear fission and fusion work to produce energy. Nuclear fission splits atoms to release energy, which is used in nuclear power plants. Nuclear fusion joins atoms together and occurs in the sun. The basic principle of a nuclear power plant is to produce heat energy through a nuclear fission core, which then converts it to mechanical and electrical energy. The document also lists some advantages like large energy production and lack of air pollution, and disadvantages such as radiation, non-renewability, and accidents.
The document discusses steam power plants and their components. It begins with classifying power plants based on the energy source used to generate electricity. It then describes the basic working of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle to convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy via steam turbines. The major components of a modern steam power plant are identified including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and generator. The document further discusses the layout and circuits involved in steam power plants, with a focus on coal handling and combustion systems. Different types of stokers and their working mechanisms are explained.
India's electricity sector has an installed capacity of 250 GW as of 2014. Thermal power makes up the majority at 87.5% of capacity, while renewable sources like hydro, solar and wind make up the remaining 12.5%. Coal fired plants account for 59% of India's installed capacity. India faces challenges in meeting rising demand due to insufficient domestic coal reserves and transmission and distribution losses. However, the government is promoting renewable energy and aims to increase nuclear and hydro power generation to meet its growing needs in a sustainable manner.
In this presentation a brief introduction is given on parts of wind turbine, classification of wind turbines, importance of wind turbines, current status like installed capacity (annual and cumulative) . Then there is a explanation on theory behind the design of wind turbine blades i.e, AERODYNAMICS OF WIND TURBINES which includes explanation about shape of an aerofoil, its different parameters, lift force, drag force, different equations about lift drag force, NACA profiles, Blade Element Momentum Theory, etc.
PWR is the most common type of nuclear reactor, representing about 60% of all nuclear power reactors in the world.
PWRs keep water under pressure so that it heats, but does not boil.
Water from the reactor and the water in the steam generator that is turned into steam never mix. In this way, most of the radioactivity stays in the reactor area.
Light Water Cooled
Gas turbine power plants work by compressing air which is then mixed with fuel and ignited in a combustion chamber. This powers a turbine, which drives both a generator to produce electricity and the air compressor. Gas turbines have three main parts - an air compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. They can use fuels like oil, natural gas, or pulverized coal and are used for power generation especially for peak loads or as backup. Advantages include easier fuel storage and handling as well as lower maintenance costs compared to steam plants.
Power point presentation on Nuclear Power in IndiaMoniSarker
This is a ppt on Nuclear Power in India.Firstly a rough idea about Nuclear Power is given and then most of the slides point out the activities regarding Nuclear Power occuring in India .
List of Nuclear power plants in India and the World. Information about the construction, safety features, environmental effects of Kudankulum Nuclear Power Plant. Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Advanatges and disadvantages Nuclear Plant.
Eip 1 report format-2019 for research project (1)YADAV VIKAS
This document is a project report submitted by four students at Indrashil University on a "Solar panel cleaning system". It includes a title page, certificate signed by their guide and department head certifying the work, acknowledgements thanking those who helped, and an abstract summarizing the project. The project intends to increase the efficiency of solar panels by removing dust particles through development of a fully automated permanent cleaning system that can be retrofitted directly onto solar panel arrays. It aims to provide a uniform clean without risks to worker health from manual cleaning currently used.
India's Millennium Development Goals are linked to increasing access to electricity. The document discusses India's energy needs and options to meet projected electricity demand over the coming decades. Coal will remain important but India will need to increase its use of nuclear, hydro, solar and wind power to achieve its development targets in a sustainable manner. Nuclear power is presented as a viable clean energy option given India's reserves of uranium and thorium. Pressurized heavy water reactors are described as the current focus of India's nuclear program.
Nuclear power generates electricity through nuclear fission reactions that produce heat to power steam turbines. A nuclear power plant has a reactor core that sustains a controlled nuclear chain reaction to heat water and produce steam. This turns turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear power has advantages like reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. However, it also has disadvantages like radioactive waste, safety risks from accidents, high construction costs, and potential military applications.
Hey friends, let us have a look on nuclear power plant...!!!! Are they really safe or not???...Read the presentation and find out the answer...!!! A special info with updated knowledge is provided.
WATER PURIFICATION USING HIGH VOLTAGE PLASMAIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on using plasma to purify water. Plasma is generated using a high voltage generator between electrodes submerged in water.
2) Experiments show that plasma treatment significantly reduces the number of microorganisms and dissolved ions in water. It is an effective method for removing various contaminants from water.
3) While plasma water purification has advantages over traditional methods, further research is needed to optimize plasma generation and improve energy efficiency for large-scale applications.
atomic power and waste india how it get affected the environment -pdfrajdutt1111
This document summarizes India's radioactive waste management system and nuclear power program. The system aims to safely and economically manage radioactive waste from generation to disposal using an integrated approach. Nuclear power currently produces a small portion of India's energy but is growing, with 20 reactors currently operational and 7 more under construction. Radioactive waste comes from nuclear power generation and other uses, and is categorized as high or low level waste depending on its radioactivity.
This document provides information on radioactive waste management in India. It discusses India's integrated system approach to managing radioactive waste from generation to disposal. This includes characterizing, segregating, treating, conditioning, and storing or disposing of various waste streams. The system aims to be safe, efficient and economically viable for managing waste from nuclear power and other applications.
This study is define on the nanotechnology with energy application. In this technology explain the energy conversion, generation, storage and transportation.it is in unique technique, capacity, great potential to fabricate new structure at atomic scale has produced novel material and devices. Its technique have great potential applications with wide fields.to required large no. of energy in the world.in present available energy is not sufficient for comparison on world requirement energy. That’s vision of fulfillment the required no. of energy by through this new technique.in hence present advance of the nanotechnology to suitable useful energy generation, production, storage and use. The main function and aim of this technology working from different fields, areas and points, to find out the better solutions. Which is the great challenge of our life?
1) Nuclear power provides around 20% of the world's electricity and is the fourth largest source of electricity in India. As of 2016, India had 22 nuclear reactors across 7 power plants generating over 30,000 GWh annually.
2) Nuclear fission and fusion are the two types of nuclear reactions that release energy. Fission occurs in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs, while fusion powers the sun.
3) Nuclear power has advantages like producing large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel and not emitting greenhouse gases. However, nuclear energy also has disadvantages like the difficult and long-term storage of radioactive nuclear waste.
The document discusses nuclear energy and nuclear waste. It provides information on what nuclear energy and radioactive waste are, how nuclear power plants produce electricity, and the process of nuclear fission. It then discusses the pros and cons of nuclear energy, including the benefits of low emissions but the challenges of disposing of nuclear waste safely due to associated hazards like long half-lives of radioactive materials. Risks of nuclear accidents and the finite nature of uranium fuel are also addressed.
Nuclear power plant - IV Semester PGE Module 3- VTUDrCVMOHAN
This document provides an overview of nuclear power plants and nuclear reactors. It discusses the economics of nuclear power, including capital costs, operating costs, external costs, and additional costs. It also covers site selection factors for nuclear power plants such as water supply, waste disposal, distance from populated and load centers, and transportation access. The document then explains nuclear reactions, fission, chain reactions, fuels, and the layout of nuclear power plants including the reactor, heat exchanger, turbine, condenser, and generator. Key parts of the nuclear reactor like the core, reflector, control rods, moderator, and coolant system are also outlined.
Today one of the major challenges facing by mankind is to provide proper management for radioactive waste management. Any industrial activity results in generation of some waste material. Nuclear industry is no exception and the presence of radiation emitting radioactive materials which may have adverse impact on living beings and which is likely to continue to the subsequent generation as well is what sets nuclear or radioactive wastes apart from other conventional hazardous wastes. Another unique feature of the radioactive waste is the decay of radioactivity with time. This fact is gainfully exploited by the nuclear waste managers. The NRC regulates the management,storage and di sposal of radioactive waste produced as a result of NRC - licensed activities. The agency has entered in to agreements with 32 states,called Agreement States,to allow these states to regulate the management,storage and disposal of certain nuclear waste. A ny industrial activity results in generation of some waste material. Nuclear industry is no exception and the presence of radiation emitting radioactive materials which may have adverse impact on living beings and which is likely to continue to the subsequ ent generation as well is what sets nuclear or radioactive wastes apart from other conventional hazardous wastes.
This document provides a summary of a project charter for replacing the power generating station in Cambridge Bay, NWT. The key points are:
1. The project aims to develop a reliable source of electricity for Cambridge Bay by replacing the existing power plant.
2. Risks include the challenges of building such a large construction project in a remote location, as well as potential cost increases from complying with greenhouse gas regulations.
3. Estimated total project costs are provided, including $1.5 million for 3 generators, $2 million for building construction, $1 million for auxiliary equipment, and $500,000 for other costs.
Manisha Gurung of Bengal College of Engineering and Technology for Women gave a presentation on nuclear power stations on September 2, 2014. She discussed how nuclear power stations use nuclear fission to generate electricity, provided examples of early nuclear power plants and current major plants in India. She also covered nuclear reactor types, the nuclear fission process, advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy, and future reactor technologies.
IRJET- Analysing Efficiency of Solar Collector using ETC Absorber TubeIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the efficiency of a solar collector using an evacuated tube (ETC) absorber. It describes testing a parabolic trough solar collector initially and then with different absorbers to enhance performance. Testing was conducted at KIET, Ghaziabad from morning to evening. Results found that efficiency increased by around 8% when using an ETC tube compared to other absorbers. The highest temperature difference of 23.3°C was achieved with the ETC tube at an air flow rate of 28.5 kg/hr. Overall, the efficiency of an ordinary collector was 9-21% during the day, which increased to 10-23.4% when using an ETC absorber tube.
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1. 2/05/2019 SEMINAR 1
NET’s
NAVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RAICHUR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
A SEMINAR ON
SAFETY IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Under the supervision of
Mr. Maheshwar S M
Assistant professor
Department of civil engineering
NIT-Raichur
Presented by
Mohammad Yaseen
3NA16CV427
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WORKING PRINCIPLE
NUCLEAR WASTE
SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR REACTOR
CONTROL
BY PRODUCT OF NUCLEAR GENERATION
APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR BYPRODUCTS
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 2
4. INTRODUCTION
Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), Maharashtra was the
first nuclear power plant in India. TAPS is not only oldest and
but also largest nuclear power station in India.
FIG Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS)
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 4
The plant construction was started in 1962 and completed in
1969. It is housed with boiling water reactors (BWRs), the first
in Asia
5. INTRODUCTION(CONTINUOUS)
Thermal power station in which a nuclear reactor is used as heat
source instead of furnace.
Nuclear Reactor-It is an apparatus in which heat is produced by
a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction.
It differs from conventional power plant only in steam
generating part.
India ranks 6th in nuclear power generation in the world with its
numerous nuclear power plants in operation.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 5
6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
A nuclear power plant works in a similar way as a thermal power
plant. The difference between the two is in the fuel they use to
heat the water in the boiler(steam generator).
Inside a nuclear power station, energy is released by nuclear
fission in the core of the reactor.
1 kg of Uranium U235 can produce as much energy as the
burning of 4500 tones of high grade variety of coal or 2000 tones
of oil.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 6
7. ADVANTAGES
Space required is less when compared with other power
plants.
Nuclear power plant is the only source which can meet
the increasing demand of electricity at a reasonable cost.
A nuclear power plant uses much less fuel than a fossil-
fuel plant.
1 metric tone of uranium fuel = 3 million metric tones of
coal = 12 million barrels of oil
DISADVANTAGES
Radioactive wastes must be disposed carefully,
otherwise it will adversely affect the health of workers
and the environment as a whole.
Maintenance cost of the plant is high.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 7
8. Nuclear waste
They are highly radioactive
Many of them have very long half-lives.
Radioactive waste must be stored carefully.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 8
9. Types of Nuclear Waste
High-level radioactive waste (HLW)
Used nuclear fuel
Highly radioactive "Mixed waste” because hazardous chemicals
& radioactivity
National risk because the waste could be extracted and used to
make nuclear weapons
Embedded in concrete and stored deep underground for several
thousand years
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 9
10. Types of Nuclear Waste(CONTINUE)
Low level radioactive waste (LLW)
It Is obtained from Cooling water pipes, radiation Suits, etc.
Stored in storage facilities
Radioactivity will fall to a safe level after 10 to 50 years.
90% of nuclear waste is LLW not HLW
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 10
11. SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR CONTROL
A nuclear power plant should be constructed away from
human habitation ( exclusion zone of 160km radius)
The materials used for construction should be of required
standards.
Waste water should be purified.
Should have a proper safety system, plant could be shut
down when it is not required.
Regular periodic checks to be performed
While disposing off the wastes it should be ensured that it
doesn’t contaminate the river or sea.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 11
12. SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR CONTROL(CONTINUE)
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 12
13. 2/05/2019 SEMINAR 13
SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR
CONTROL(CONTINUE)
Waste Disposal: The most challenging task is the proper disposal
of waste materials from the nuclear power plant.
These waste materials come in different forms such as solid,
liquid and gaseous. All these types of wastes have their own
methods of disposal .
The radioactive liquid wastes generated are segregated and
filtered as per procedure and after adequate dilution disposed to
the environment water body.
The radioactive solid wastes are disposed off in earthen
trenches, Re-enforced cement concrete (RCC) vaults or tile
holes, depending on the radioactivity content and the radiation
levels.
14. SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR CONTROL(CONTINUE)
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 14
15. SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR CONTROL(CONTINUE)
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 15
16. SAFETY MEASURES IN NUCLEAR
REACTOR CONTROL(CONTINUE)
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 16
17. BY PRODUCT OF NUCLEAR
GENERATION
The Nuclear plants supply many by-products like isotopes which
have many useful applications in our day-to-day life.
The radioactive isotopes are widely used in Biology, Medicine,
Agriculture and Industries.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 17
18. Application of Nuclear Byproducts
Industrial Applications :
(1) Position location : Buried pipelines can be traced by using
portable Geiger Counters.
(2) Flow patterns : in pipes can be detected by injecting
radioactive isotopes into the flow. The radiation will be different
for laminar and turbulent flows.
(3) Leakage detection : can be done by injecting isotopes into
fluid in pipes. The reactivity will be different at leakage points.
(4) Radiography (Flaw detection): X-rays, which are having a
high penetrating power are made to pass through castings, welds
etc.
(5) Application in chemistry : Substances deteriorate when
exposed to radiation and the destroyed molecules are rejoined
(6) Direct electrical power generation: can be done in devices
called atomic battery.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 18
19. 2/05/2019 SEMINAR 19
Conclusions
The benefits resulting from the nuclear reactors truly justify the
reasons of its scope of development in future.
If the above mentioned dictums should be followed properly, it
would ensure that the tremendous energy which lies in the atom
is harnessed in a proper manner without causing damage to men,
material, or environment .
20. REFERENCES
1. Michael I Ojovan,William E Lee (An Introduction to Nuclear
waste Immobilisation) Third Edition
2. Holt , M. (2006, March 15). Nuclear Energy Policy. Research
Service.
3. World Nuclear Association. (2014, February).
4. Nuclear Energy Institute (2011) . World statistics . Retrieved
from :
www.nei,org/resourcesandstats/nuclearstatics/worldstatics.
2/05/2019 SEMINAR 20