The document discusses electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles and connected car technology. It provides information on: - How ECUs use sensors and microprocessors to control various systems like engine management, braking, and transmission. - Common types of ECUs like the engine control module and transmission control module. - The CAN bus protocol that allows ECUs to communicate. - On-board diagnostics (OBD) systems that provide vehicle self-diagnostics. - The components and architecture of connected cars, which connect vehicles to the internet and each other using sensors and connectivity networks. - Potential features and services of connected cars like remote diagnostics, infotainment, and software

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SACON International 2017
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India | Bangalore | November 10 – 11 | Hotel Lalit Ashok

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Increasing Technology in Vehicles

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Basics of Cars

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E.C.U.s (Electronic Control Unit) use a microprocessor which can
process the inputs from the engine sensors in real-time.
ECU is a generic term for a wide range of devices. Ex: ABS, Engine Management
Control
• ECU’s consist of a hardware component and software component (Firmware). It
uses closed-loop control, a control scheme that monitors outputs of a system to
control the inputs to a system. ECU gathers data from multiple sensors located all
around the car and performs millions of calculations and takes decisions based
on the calculations.
E.C.Us – Electronic Control Unit

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• Electronic/engine Control Module (ECM): is a type of electronic control unit that
controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal
engine performance.
• Transmission Control Module (TCM): device that controls modern electronic
automatic transmissions to calculate how and when to change gears.
• Anti-Lock Braking system (ABS): automobile safety system that prevents the
wheels from locking up and avoiding uncontrolled skidding based on the driver
inputs while braking.
• Speed Control Unit (SPU): a system that automatically controls the speed of the
vehicle. Used in cruise controls.
• Telematic Control Unit (TCU): A global positioning system (GPS) unit, to keep
track of the latitude and longitude values of the vehicle and an external interface
for mobile communication (GSM, GPRS, Wi-Fi, WiMax, or LTE), which provides the
tracked values to a centralized geographical information system (GIS) database
server
Types of ECUs

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• CAN protocol is a method of communication between various
electronic devices like engine management systems, active
suspension, ABS, gear control, lighting control, air conditioning,
airbags, central locking etc embedded in an automobile
Controlled Area Network or CAN Protocol

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The Controller Area Network (CAN, also known as CAN Bus) is a vehicle
bus standard designed to allow electronic control units and devices to
communicate with each other.
CAN is a peer-to-peer network. There is no master that controls when
individual nodes have access to read and write data on the CAN bus.
When a CAN node is ready to transmit data, it checks to see if the bus
is busy and then simply writes a CAN frame onto the network. CAN
frames that are transmitted use arbitration ID that is unique to each
frame instead of addresses of either the transmitting node or the
receiving node(s).
CAN Bus

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Short for On-Board diagnostics. An electronic system that provides vehicle
self-diagnosis and reporting capabilities for repair technicians to access
subsystem information for the purpose of performance monitoring and
repair.
• OBD II provides access to status information about the following:
• Real-time parameters: RPM, speed, pedal position, spark advance, airflow rate,
coolant temperature, etc.
• Status of “Check Engine” light.
• Emission readiness status.
• Freeze frame: a “snapshot” of parameters at the time a trouble event has occurred.
• Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).
• Oxygen sensor test results
• Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
OBD – On-Board Diagnostics

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Connected cars are those that have access to the Internet and a variety
of sensors, and that are thus able to send and receive signals, sense the
physical environment around them, and interact with other vehicles or
entities.
Connected Cars

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• Multiple Sensors - Sensors for different functionalities offered.
• Vehicle Distance Sensor
• Inside door lock/unlock
• GPS Sensor
• Multiple ECU’s - Electronic Control Units talked about it briefly in the basics of cars section.
• Connectivity networks - V2X, LTE
• V2X - Vehicle –to-Vehicle Communications
• LTE: With upcoming high speed broadband networks it will be possible for Cars can be connected to the
internet providing a lot of features.
• OBD- II → talked about it briefly in the basics of cars section.
• Hardware Automotive end Components - Steering, Traction Control, ABS
• Connected Car Gateway: the entry point for a car to communicate to the external world. Usually
via Connectivity networks
• Remote Cloud Servers: Servers of the Manufacturer or authorized 3rd party collect the data
generated by the Sensors embedded in cars and can use this data to provide functionality such as
Crash Notification, Stolen vehicle tracking and Road Side Assistance
• Application on Smartphone: Mobile Apps which allows customers to interact with the car. Ex:
BMW Connected APP
Components of Connected Cars

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Connected Car Architecture

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• Advanced Diagnostics: Car sensors collect a lot of data in real time. These data
can be shared with Manufactures and vehicle dealers to identify potential issues
with the car and prevent accidents and car failures from happening.
• Telematics: Sensors can provide sufficient data to keep drivers and passengers
safe in event of emergencies, automatic crash notification, roadside assistance
and vehicle tracking.
• GPS Tracking: GPS tracking can be used for real time monitoring for car or truck
fleets.
• Remote Services: Use your mobile device to locate car in parking, unlock car
remotely, remotely warm up or decrease the temperature of the car. Ex:
https://secure.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/connecteddrive/2013/serv
ices_apps/remote_services.html
• Connected Media and Infotainment: Use the networks do listen to music, watch
videos or stream music on the go.
• Vehicle Updates: Update the vehicle firmware and software remotely.
What can connected cars do

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• Parking assistance: include multiple sensors on the forward and rear
bumpers which detect obstacles, allowing the vehicle to sound warnings
and calculate optimum steering angles during regular parking
• Smartphone Interface, Android auto and Apple Play: Connect your
smartphone to your car in order to have easy access to maps, messages,
music and more. These systems aim to replace the infotainment systems of
the car. Users can unlock their cars, check the status of batteries on electric
cars, find the location of the car, or remotely activate the climate control
system
• Autopilot: Multiple sensors placed all round the car, which help the car
understand the environment and make decision on what actions have to be
performed.
• Fatigue Detection: include multiple sensors which monitor the steering
pattern, lane monitoring and analyze the driving behavior and if necessary
advises the driver to rest.
Advanced Features of Modern Cars

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Hacks on Cars so far

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Almost half the 89,000 vehicles broken
into in London last year were hacked.