More than 68% of the household’s people living in rural areas and sanitation condition is still very poor. In the present scenario India has performed poorly in terms of the latrine facilities. In the rural area of the country, 30.7% and 21.9% households are having the latrine facilities period from 2001 to 2011. Some of the better facilities observed in the urban areas. According to New Global Index report, India’s rank stands at 93th place. Sanitation is the primary need of public health and the situation in Telangana is alarming. Studies show that rural households have very little access to the latrine facilities. Telangana state out of 459 Mandals, 327 have rural population. In Telangana 40% and 28.5% of the rural households are having drinking water and latrine facilities within the household premises. There is huge difference between rural and urban household’s facilities. Adilabad district has total 52 mandals and these all mandals having the rural population. North side of the Adilabad district has dense forest and fully occupied with tribal population. The Adilabad district having 72% rural population and having only 61% of the literacy rate. Adilabad district rural households are having very less latrine facilities with 14%. With this back ground, the current paper is based on secondary data focusing mainly on sanitation condition in rural India and Telangana and its districts. Total analysis also examined to the rural Adilabad district including with mandals. GIS Techniques are used to preparing the maps and these maps are used to analyse of the paper
- The document discusses a study on the impact of poverty alleviation programs on skill development of tribal women households in Telangana State, India.
- It analyzes data collected from 130 tribal women on their awareness and utilization of poverty alleviation programs, and the impact on women's empowerment and satisfaction levels.
- The results showed that age group had an impact on tribal women's empowerment. Literacy rates increased and poverty declined with the implementation of government poverty alleviation and skill development programs in the state.
1) The document analyzes the performance of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program in Andhra Pradesh from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015.
2) It finds that the number of employment days generated, works completed, and average employment per household all declined over this period, particularly sharply in 2014-2015.
3) However, expenditure on agriculture and allied activities increased in 2014-2015, reaching 75.7% of total expenditure, and significant percentages of total employment days were generated for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Health and Education Development Level Disparities in Indian Statesinventionjournals
The level of development of different states of Indiawas obtained with help of composite index based on optimum combinations of five educationas well as health development indicators. The study utilizes very recent time point for measurement of development for seventeen non-specific states of India.It is found thatGujaratscores first rank in the health development whereas Odishastands on the last position. In case of educational development, Maharashtra occupies first position while Andhra Pradesh performs very poor in the indicator. Wide disparities have been observed in the level of development between different states of India. Also, Health facilities of the people were found to be positively associated with educationdevelopment.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
MGNREGA AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A Study of Pannur Village in Chittoor District...Premier Publishers
Women empowerment essentially refers to empowering women to change power relations between them and men in their favour. Public works programmes in India have traditionally offered a unique opportunity for women to earn cash incomes and provide resources particularly to poor women that would enable human capital investment especially for children’s education and nutrition apart from improving women’s bargaining power within the household. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is no exception. MGNREGA offers 33 percent employment to women, guarantees child care facility at the worksite and provides scope to women to participate in planning and implementation of MGNREGA and in conducting social audit as members of Gram Sabha and of Gram Panchayat. Available research studies have shown that women have participated in MGNREGA on a large scale in most states in India; have received equal wages with men and earned incomes of their own; single women households and female–headed households have particularly benefited by MGNREGA as it provided them minimum incomes and food security; and participating women in general are frequently feeling empowered as they have now some say in decision making. The present study is an attempt to measure the impact of MGNREGA on women empowerment and gender equality and the factors attributed to potential of women empowerment under MGNREGA. The study reveals that MGNREGA can enhance the women empowerment even though the objective of MGNREGA is either women empowerment or gender equality.
Socio economic differential dimensions on health and educationA comparative s...inventionjournals
Abstract : The aim of this paper was to find out the association between socio economic status and health of
the individuals residing in Delhi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the month of May 2014 in
five areas namely Trilokpuri, Sultanpuri, Seelampur, Seemapuri and Mangolpuri of Delhi. A total sample of 85
participants was conveniently selected from Medical mobile unit (MMU) of HelpAge India A semi structured
questionnaire was developed and pilot study was conducted to validate the tool. A written consent from the
respondents was taken. Kuppuswamy scale was used to calculate the socio economic status. Then the data was
analyzed using SPSS and MS excel. Results are represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. The
study concluded that socio economic status and health as well as socio economic status and education has a
statistically significant association (p<0.05).
Problems of Women Education in India A Case Study of Mangalagiri Mandal in Gu...ijtsrd
This document discusses women's education in India, with a focus on a case study in Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. It finds that while literacy rates have increased overall, female literacy remains lower than male literacy, especially in rural areas. Some of the key problems identified for women's education are low enrollment and high dropout rates for girls in school. The document analyzes literacy rate data from census reports and presents objectives to study the problems of women's education and reasons for school dropouts. It also reviews several other studies on the importance of women's education.
Gender Based Comparison on Participation of Farmers in Agricultural Extension...Premier Publishers
This document analyzes factors affecting female and male farmer participation in agricultural extension activities in Sri Lanka. It finds that for female farmers, marital status, number of dependents, income, expenditures, working hours, and availability of subsidies influence participation. Major constraints for males are lack of time, household responsibilities, and financial problems. The study recommends encouraging wealthy female farmers to participate and educating them on cost management strategies.
- The document discusses a study on the impact of poverty alleviation programs on skill development of tribal women households in Telangana State, India.
- It analyzes data collected from 130 tribal women on their awareness and utilization of poverty alleviation programs, and the impact on women's empowerment and satisfaction levels.
- The results showed that age group had an impact on tribal women's empowerment. Literacy rates increased and poverty declined with the implementation of government poverty alleviation and skill development programs in the state.
1) The document analyzes the performance of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program in Andhra Pradesh from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015.
2) It finds that the number of employment days generated, works completed, and average employment per household all declined over this period, particularly sharply in 2014-2015.
3) However, expenditure on agriculture and allied activities increased in 2014-2015, reaching 75.7% of total expenditure, and significant percentages of total employment days were generated for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Health and Education Development Level Disparities in Indian Statesinventionjournals
The level of development of different states of Indiawas obtained with help of composite index based on optimum combinations of five educationas well as health development indicators. The study utilizes very recent time point for measurement of development for seventeen non-specific states of India.It is found thatGujaratscores first rank in the health development whereas Odishastands on the last position. In case of educational development, Maharashtra occupies first position while Andhra Pradesh performs very poor in the indicator. Wide disparities have been observed in the level of development between different states of India. Also, Health facilities of the people were found to be positively associated with educationdevelopment.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
MGNREGA AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A Study of Pannur Village in Chittoor District...Premier Publishers
Women empowerment essentially refers to empowering women to change power relations between them and men in their favour. Public works programmes in India have traditionally offered a unique opportunity for women to earn cash incomes and provide resources particularly to poor women that would enable human capital investment especially for children’s education and nutrition apart from improving women’s bargaining power within the household. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is no exception. MGNREGA offers 33 percent employment to women, guarantees child care facility at the worksite and provides scope to women to participate in planning and implementation of MGNREGA and in conducting social audit as members of Gram Sabha and of Gram Panchayat. Available research studies have shown that women have participated in MGNREGA on a large scale in most states in India; have received equal wages with men and earned incomes of their own; single women households and female–headed households have particularly benefited by MGNREGA as it provided them minimum incomes and food security; and participating women in general are frequently feeling empowered as they have now some say in decision making. The present study is an attempt to measure the impact of MGNREGA on women empowerment and gender equality and the factors attributed to potential of women empowerment under MGNREGA. The study reveals that MGNREGA can enhance the women empowerment even though the objective of MGNREGA is either women empowerment or gender equality.
Socio economic differential dimensions on health and educationA comparative s...inventionjournals
Abstract : The aim of this paper was to find out the association between socio economic status and health of
the individuals residing in Delhi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the month of May 2014 in
five areas namely Trilokpuri, Sultanpuri, Seelampur, Seemapuri and Mangolpuri of Delhi. A total sample of 85
participants was conveniently selected from Medical mobile unit (MMU) of HelpAge India A semi structured
questionnaire was developed and pilot study was conducted to validate the tool. A written consent from the
respondents was taken. Kuppuswamy scale was used to calculate the socio economic status. Then the data was
analyzed using SPSS and MS excel. Results are represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. The
study concluded that socio economic status and health as well as socio economic status and education has a
statistically significant association (p<0.05).
Problems of Women Education in India A Case Study of Mangalagiri Mandal in Gu...ijtsrd
This document discusses women's education in India, with a focus on a case study in Mangalagiri Mandal, Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. It finds that while literacy rates have increased overall, female literacy remains lower than male literacy, especially in rural areas. Some of the key problems identified for women's education are low enrollment and high dropout rates for girls in school. The document analyzes literacy rate data from census reports and presents objectives to study the problems of women's education and reasons for school dropouts. It also reviews several other studies on the importance of women's education.
Gender Based Comparison on Participation of Farmers in Agricultural Extension...Premier Publishers
This document analyzes factors affecting female and male farmer participation in agricultural extension activities in Sri Lanka. It finds that for female farmers, marital status, number of dependents, income, expenditures, working hours, and availability of subsidies influence participation. Major constraints for males are lack of time, household responsibilities, and financial problems. The study recommends encouraging wealthy female farmers to participate and educating them on cost management strategies.
Health, education and employment in a forward backward dichotomy based on sta...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined differences in health, education, employment, and standard of living among 9 tribal communities in Kerala, India. The study collected data from 500 households across 3 districts to analyze these socioeconomic indicators for each tribe. It found that tribes like Malayarayan had higher education levels, while tribes such as Paniya and Adiya had lower education. In health as well, tribes like Urali and Kattunaika had lower status compared to others. Based on these variables, the study categorized tribes like Malayarayan, Kuruma and Kurichya as "forward tribes" with better living standards, while tribes such as Paniya, Adiya, Urali
This document summarizes a study on rural health care in Thoubal District, Manipur, India. It finds that while India's constitution recognizes health as a primary duty, rural populations still lack adequate access to health care due to factors like poverty, lack of infrastructure, and social/psychological barriers. The study aims to evaluate health care facilities and services in Thoubal District, examine factors influencing access to primary health care, and assess the quality of services provided by health care workers to rural communities. It analyzes key health indicators for Manipur from the National Family Health Survey and finds that while material well-being is low, Manipur has relatively good public health outcomes, such as low infant mortality.
Maternal Health Care Services and Its Utilization in Bihar, Indiainventionjournals
This document analyzes the utilization of maternal health care services and its determinants in Bihar, India using data from the District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-III) 2007-08. It finds that utilization of services like antenatal care, institutional delivery, and postnatal care is significantly lower in rural areas compared to urban areas of Bihar. Home delivery was found to be more common in rural (74.1%) than urban (46%) areas, while most deliveries were normal in both settings. Socioeconomic factors like education, caste, wealth, and birth order were found to be important determinants of receiving antenatal care and institutional delivery. The study aims to identify ways to increase
While various services under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) have been launched in Rajasthan and community participation promoted through Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC), there has been hardly any convergence achieved with the constitutionally mandated Panchayati Raj system in rural areas.
With support from UNFPA and Government of Rajasthan, PRIA intervened in this regard over a three year period during 2010-13. This Policy Brief analyses the results achieved and the efficacy of interventions deployed.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Education and women’s participation in Indian economy: A regional analysisMain Uddin
The paper examines the work participation rate (WPR) of women in Indian states based on the census
conducted in 2001. As per 2001 census, the WPR of women was 25.6% in India though they constituted
48.27% of the total population. It was well documented that the educational condition of women has
improved in the past few decades but their WPR is still low. Here, the paper tried to see reasons behind
this anomaly. There are many determinants of WPR but the author limit this paper to education. The
paper is based on the hypothesis of increasing women WPR with educational development. The
correlation matrix between occupational composition and educational development shows significant
relation. This implies that education is one of the reasons for increasing WPR. In addition, it was found
that women with primary education are actively engaged in agricultural sector. Finally, the paper
concludes with some general observations and suggestions.
Working Women and Their Professional Life in Modern SocietyAnuragSingh1049
India is a traditional country and there is diversity in religions, culture and customs. Role of the women in India mostly is household and limited to domestic issues. In some cases women can find employment as nurses, doctors, teachers the caring and nurturing sectors. But even if well qualified women engineers or managers or geologists are available, preference will be given to a male of equal qualification. The present study investigated to identify the factors preventing women employees from aspiring for higher post and challenges & problems faced by women workers. Further the study try to explain the real condition of Indian working women and also make an effort to clear main problems of working women.
The document provides a community profile of Bithauli Khurd village in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It summarizes that the village has a total population of 1738 people from 291 households. Most residents belong to scheduled caste or other backward castes. Literacy rates are 52.4% overall, with males at 58% and females at 44%. The village has one sub-center for health that is not open 24/7 and lacks proper facilities. Access to resources like the public distribution system and BPL cards is uneven across socioeconomic groups in the village.
B Sc Agri II Agricultural Extansion Unit 4 Women Development ProgrammesRai University
1. The document discusses several programs aimed at developing women and children in rural areas of India, including the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) program, the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), and the Mahila Samridhi Yojana (MSY).
2. It also discusses the Reorganized Extension System (T&V System) introduced in 1974 with World Bank assistance to improve the transfer of agricultural technology to farmers through contact farmers.
3. The key features of the T&V System included professionalism, a single line of command, concentration of effort, time-bound work, field and farmer orientation, regular training, and linkages with research.
The document discusses rural-urban disparity in India. It provides data on population growth and distribution between rural and urban areas from 1901-2001. There are large disparities in income, employment opportunities, education levels, access to amenities and healthcare between rural and urban populations. Various government programs have aimed to bridge these divides, such as the PURA scheme, but significant gaps remain across many development indicators.
This document analyzes socioeconomic disparities across blocks in Koch Bihar district, West Bengal, India. It uses composite scores across 21 demographic, infrastructural, and economic indicators to classify blocks into development categories. The study finds wide socioeconomic disparities between blocks. Specifically, blocks like Tufanganj I, Dinhata II, Sitai, and Mekhliganj have the lowest composite scores and least favorable demographic conditions in terms of population density, sex ratio, and literacy rates. The study suggests these less developed blocks require improvements across indicators to enhance overall socioeconomic development.
It is important to get practical insights into the problems faced by community dwelling elderly in rural and urban India.
Information collected can act as a guideline for taking necessary steps to reform awareness and attitude of assistive technology amongst professional care providers of the elderly and the elderly in India.This keynote presentation was done at Akita,Japan ,in October 2009.
An explorative study of the present status of People of Amlasole and Its surr...inventionjournals
The study was conducted to know the present socio-economic status of Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Amlasole is located at Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. This Community based crosssectional survey was conducted in 29 villages of Binpur-II Block of Paschim Medinipur. 20 per cent of the total household in each village was selected as sample size. Thus the total sample size was found out to be 398. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 398 households to get an in-depth information on social, economic, cultural and health status of the people of this region. From the study it was found that illiteracy, poverty and ill health prevail extensively in Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Malnutrition, especially among the children, still continues to be a problem there. People still die there due to TB, Malaria, Food Poisoning etc
IRJET- Analysis of Suitability of Poverty Line Measures using Nutritional...IRJET Journal
This document discusses poverty lines and nutritional requirements in India. It analyzes whether individuals in India can meet their nutritional needs using poverty line measures. The document provides an overview of poverty and hunger issues in India. It notes that while food grain production has increased, many people still lack access to adequate nutrition. The document then discusses how poverty lines have been defined in India based on calorie requirements. It analyzes how task forces have modified definitions to account for other nutritional needs beyond just calories. The goal of the document is to use linear programming to model optimal diets for Indians to meet nutritional needs within poverty line budgets.
Towards building an age friendly city :Building community and health service ...Alakananda Banerjee
The projects of Dharma foundation of India are centered around developing care models based on the WHO guidelines of Active Ageing and Towards Building Age Friendly Communities for older persons The strategy supports full participation and inclusion of older persons in the life of their communities.This project taught Self Management of Arthritis and Hypertension to older women.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses mental health and economic conditions in India. It notes that around 70 million Indians suffer from serious to mild mental illnesses, but only 50-70% can access treatment. Poverty is linked to higher rates of mental disorders as it increases stress, hopelessness, and health risks. However, India's strong family and social support networks also promote resilience. The government aims to improve access to affordable mental healthcare.
Methods of Developing Material Information and Measurement Techniques in Rest...inventionjournals
This document discusses the methods and benefits of summer workshops conducted by the Architectural Restoration Program at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. The workshops provide students hands-on experience in restoration techniques, relief work, material analysis, and internship credit. Students participate in relief work, material examination, and restoration projects in various historical locations. The workshops strengthen students' practical skills and theoretical knowledge, and allow them to gain experience that benefits their future employment. Local materials, architecture, and culture are also studied during the workshops.
Occupational health problems of knowledge workers in BPO and KPO industries i...inventionjournals
The explore this study focus on India is a developing country is playing a distinctive role in the service sector. With the onslaught of globalization India has become a preferred destination for IT-BPO and KPO industries. The growth of science and technology and well established educational and research institutes Bangalore has been considered as the hotspot global outsourcing industries. The large populations of welleducated and trained women have taken to the jobs in this new knowledge economy. The objective of the study is to explore and find out the problems of these young people knowledge workers especially the work environment and work pressure on their mental, physical and social health. The study’s findings illustrate that there are sever health hazards that need immediate attention from individuals as well as government to not only identify the problems but to come out with good health education and policy
New Relations and New Concepts Focusing on the Internet Influence upon Chines...inventionjournals
Since the end of last century when the network literature took its initial prototype in China to today's its immense popularity, the Internet has had increasingly prominent influence over multi-leveled aspects such as the way of reading, the readers’psychology, and the popular culture. The changes it has brought to literature; the reforms it has brought to multi-relationships among the public, the literature, and the society; as well as the brand new concept of reading and the cultural spirit of "amusing oneself to death" have exerted enormous impact on and subversion for the traditional literature.Assisted by the network literature, the new rises, relationships and concepts have been continuously mass-produced and disseminated on the new media technology platform and on the condition of network communication means, all of which have produced timely and wide impact on the contemporary Chinese literature and have become a literary existence that cannot be ignored. This powerful rising of network literature has eliminated the original boundary between the classics and the popular literature, expanded the social impact of literature, and brought about development of literary industry, which has certain positive function on and important influence over the expansion of literary territory and reconstruction of literary patterns. But at the same time, this rise has also brought new problems and challenges. Thus, how to propose effective solutions and actively respond to the challenges in the face of this new regular type of literature and new cultural phenomenon has become a topic that should be deeply explored.
A New Gate Way of Promoting Handloom Industry in Phuliainventionjournals
Phulia is developed after setting up handloom cooperatives and became a well developed township in Santipur Community Development Block and in future it would become a big weaving hub. Here the study mainly focuses on the identification of socio-economic and cultural transformation due to modern cooperatives based handloom practices like as weaving. It is one of the heavily prospering handloom cluster part of Santipur handloom cluster. It becomes a well developing handloom centre. The Indian handloom fabrics have been known for times immemorial for their beauty, excellence in design; texture and durability. The Cooperative Societies have a major role in the movement of revival and development of Tangail Industry in Phulia.
Geo-Environmental Study of Kaliasaur Landslide in District Rudraprayag of Gar...inventionjournals
This paper deals with historical and massif landslide of Kaliasaur in district Rudraprayag of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The study area lies between the two districts of Uttarakhand state i.e., Pauri and Rudraprayag, belongs to lesser Himalaya of Garhwal Region. Kaliasaur landslide is located along Srinagar-Badrinath Highway about 15 km upstream of Srinagar at left bank of Alaknanda River. This slide is very important because it is located on NH-58 which is the only connecting road to outer world and affects daily life of the people.The main focus of the paper is to understand the nature of landslide and its causes, and finally with the help of the intensive field observation, the authors suggested treatment and concrete solution of this geo-environmental problem of the study area.
Health, education and employment in a forward backward dichotomy based on sta...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined differences in health, education, employment, and standard of living among 9 tribal communities in Kerala, India. The study collected data from 500 households across 3 districts to analyze these socioeconomic indicators for each tribe. It found that tribes like Malayarayan had higher education levels, while tribes such as Paniya and Adiya had lower education. In health as well, tribes like Urali and Kattunaika had lower status compared to others. Based on these variables, the study categorized tribes like Malayarayan, Kuruma and Kurichya as "forward tribes" with better living standards, while tribes such as Paniya, Adiya, Urali
This document summarizes a study on rural health care in Thoubal District, Manipur, India. It finds that while India's constitution recognizes health as a primary duty, rural populations still lack adequate access to health care due to factors like poverty, lack of infrastructure, and social/psychological barriers. The study aims to evaluate health care facilities and services in Thoubal District, examine factors influencing access to primary health care, and assess the quality of services provided by health care workers to rural communities. It analyzes key health indicators for Manipur from the National Family Health Survey and finds that while material well-being is low, Manipur has relatively good public health outcomes, such as low infant mortality.
Maternal Health Care Services and Its Utilization in Bihar, Indiainventionjournals
This document analyzes the utilization of maternal health care services and its determinants in Bihar, India using data from the District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-III) 2007-08. It finds that utilization of services like antenatal care, institutional delivery, and postnatal care is significantly lower in rural areas compared to urban areas of Bihar. Home delivery was found to be more common in rural (74.1%) than urban (46%) areas, while most deliveries were normal in both settings. Socioeconomic factors like education, caste, wealth, and birth order were found to be important determinants of receiving antenatal care and institutional delivery. The study aims to identify ways to increase
While various services under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) have been launched in Rajasthan and community participation promoted through Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC), there has been hardly any convergence achieved with the constitutionally mandated Panchayati Raj system in rural areas.
With support from UNFPA and Government of Rajasthan, PRIA intervened in this regard over a three year period during 2010-13. This Policy Brief analyses the results achieved and the efficacy of interventions deployed.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Education and women’s participation in Indian economy: A regional analysisMain Uddin
The paper examines the work participation rate (WPR) of women in Indian states based on the census
conducted in 2001. As per 2001 census, the WPR of women was 25.6% in India though they constituted
48.27% of the total population. It was well documented that the educational condition of women has
improved in the past few decades but their WPR is still low. Here, the paper tried to see reasons behind
this anomaly. There are many determinants of WPR but the author limit this paper to education. The
paper is based on the hypothesis of increasing women WPR with educational development. The
correlation matrix between occupational composition and educational development shows significant
relation. This implies that education is one of the reasons for increasing WPR. In addition, it was found
that women with primary education are actively engaged in agricultural sector. Finally, the paper
concludes with some general observations and suggestions.
Working Women and Their Professional Life in Modern SocietyAnuragSingh1049
India is a traditional country and there is diversity in religions, culture and customs. Role of the women in India mostly is household and limited to domestic issues. In some cases women can find employment as nurses, doctors, teachers the caring and nurturing sectors. But even if well qualified women engineers or managers or geologists are available, preference will be given to a male of equal qualification. The present study investigated to identify the factors preventing women employees from aspiring for higher post and challenges & problems faced by women workers. Further the study try to explain the real condition of Indian working women and also make an effort to clear main problems of working women.
The document provides a community profile of Bithauli Khurd village in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It summarizes that the village has a total population of 1738 people from 291 households. Most residents belong to scheduled caste or other backward castes. Literacy rates are 52.4% overall, with males at 58% and females at 44%. The village has one sub-center for health that is not open 24/7 and lacks proper facilities. Access to resources like the public distribution system and BPL cards is uneven across socioeconomic groups in the village.
B Sc Agri II Agricultural Extansion Unit 4 Women Development ProgrammesRai University
1. The document discusses several programs aimed at developing women and children in rural areas of India, including the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) program, the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), and the Mahila Samridhi Yojana (MSY).
2. It also discusses the Reorganized Extension System (T&V System) introduced in 1974 with World Bank assistance to improve the transfer of agricultural technology to farmers through contact farmers.
3. The key features of the T&V System included professionalism, a single line of command, concentration of effort, time-bound work, field and farmer orientation, regular training, and linkages with research.
The document discusses rural-urban disparity in India. It provides data on population growth and distribution between rural and urban areas from 1901-2001. There are large disparities in income, employment opportunities, education levels, access to amenities and healthcare between rural and urban populations. Various government programs have aimed to bridge these divides, such as the PURA scheme, but significant gaps remain across many development indicators.
This document analyzes socioeconomic disparities across blocks in Koch Bihar district, West Bengal, India. It uses composite scores across 21 demographic, infrastructural, and economic indicators to classify blocks into development categories. The study finds wide socioeconomic disparities between blocks. Specifically, blocks like Tufanganj I, Dinhata II, Sitai, and Mekhliganj have the lowest composite scores and least favorable demographic conditions in terms of population density, sex ratio, and literacy rates. The study suggests these less developed blocks require improvements across indicators to enhance overall socioeconomic development.
It is important to get practical insights into the problems faced by community dwelling elderly in rural and urban India.
Information collected can act as a guideline for taking necessary steps to reform awareness and attitude of assistive technology amongst professional care providers of the elderly and the elderly in India.This keynote presentation was done at Akita,Japan ,in October 2009.
An explorative study of the present status of People of Amlasole and Its surr...inventionjournals
The study was conducted to know the present socio-economic status of Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Amlasole is located at Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. This Community based crosssectional survey was conducted in 29 villages of Binpur-II Block of Paschim Medinipur. 20 per cent of the total household in each village was selected as sample size. Thus the total sample size was found out to be 398. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 398 households to get an in-depth information on social, economic, cultural and health status of the people of this region. From the study it was found that illiteracy, poverty and ill health prevail extensively in Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Malnutrition, especially among the children, still continues to be a problem there. People still die there due to TB, Malaria, Food Poisoning etc
IRJET- Analysis of Suitability of Poverty Line Measures using Nutritional...IRJET Journal
This document discusses poverty lines and nutritional requirements in India. It analyzes whether individuals in India can meet their nutritional needs using poverty line measures. The document provides an overview of poverty and hunger issues in India. It notes that while food grain production has increased, many people still lack access to adequate nutrition. The document then discusses how poverty lines have been defined in India based on calorie requirements. It analyzes how task forces have modified definitions to account for other nutritional needs beyond just calories. The goal of the document is to use linear programming to model optimal diets for Indians to meet nutritional needs within poverty line budgets.
Towards building an age friendly city :Building community and health service ...Alakananda Banerjee
The projects of Dharma foundation of India are centered around developing care models based on the WHO guidelines of Active Ageing and Towards Building Age Friendly Communities for older persons The strategy supports full participation and inclusion of older persons in the life of their communities.This project taught Self Management of Arthritis and Hypertension to older women.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses mental health and economic conditions in India. It notes that around 70 million Indians suffer from serious to mild mental illnesses, but only 50-70% can access treatment. Poverty is linked to higher rates of mental disorders as it increases stress, hopelessness, and health risks. However, India's strong family and social support networks also promote resilience. The government aims to improve access to affordable mental healthcare.
Methods of Developing Material Information and Measurement Techniques in Rest...inventionjournals
This document discusses the methods and benefits of summer workshops conducted by the Architectural Restoration Program at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. The workshops provide students hands-on experience in restoration techniques, relief work, material analysis, and internship credit. Students participate in relief work, material examination, and restoration projects in various historical locations. The workshops strengthen students' practical skills and theoretical knowledge, and allow them to gain experience that benefits their future employment. Local materials, architecture, and culture are also studied during the workshops.
Occupational health problems of knowledge workers in BPO and KPO industries i...inventionjournals
The explore this study focus on India is a developing country is playing a distinctive role in the service sector. With the onslaught of globalization India has become a preferred destination for IT-BPO and KPO industries. The growth of science and technology and well established educational and research institutes Bangalore has been considered as the hotspot global outsourcing industries. The large populations of welleducated and trained women have taken to the jobs in this new knowledge economy. The objective of the study is to explore and find out the problems of these young people knowledge workers especially the work environment and work pressure on their mental, physical and social health. The study’s findings illustrate that there are sever health hazards that need immediate attention from individuals as well as government to not only identify the problems but to come out with good health education and policy
New Relations and New Concepts Focusing on the Internet Influence upon Chines...inventionjournals
Since the end of last century when the network literature took its initial prototype in China to today's its immense popularity, the Internet has had increasingly prominent influence over multi-leveled aspects such as the way of reading, the readers’psychology, and the popular culture. The changes it has brought to literature; the reforms it has brought to multi-relationships among the public, the literature, and the society; as well as the brand new concept of reading and the cultural spirit of "amusing oneself to death" have exerted enormous impact on and subversion for the traditional literature.Assisted by the network literature, the new rises, relationships and concepts have been continuously mass-produced and disseminated on the new media technology platform and on the condition of network communication means, all of which have produced timely and wide impact on the contemporary Chinese literature and have become a literary existence that cannot be ignored. This powerful rising of network literature has eliminated the original boundary between the classics and the popular literature, expanded the social impact of literature, and brought about development of literary industry, which has certain positive function on and important influence over the expansion of literary territory and reconstruction of literary patterns. But at the same time, this rise has also brought new problems and challenges. Thus, how to propose effective solutions and actively respond to the challenges in the face of this new regular type of literature and new cultural phenomenon has become a topic that should be deeply explored.
A New Gate Way of Promoting Handloom Industry in Phuliainventionjournals
Phulia is developed after setting up handloom cooperatives and became a well developed township in Santipur Community Development Block and in future it would become a big weaving hub. Here the study mainly focuses on the identification of socio-economic and cultural transformation due to modern cooperatives based handloom practices like as weaving. It is one of the heavily prospering handloom cluster part of Santipur handloom cluster. It becomes a well developing handloom centre. The Indian handloom fabrics have been known for times immemorial for their beauty, excellence in design; texture and durability. The Cooperative Societies have a major role in the movement of revival and development of Tangail Industry in Phulia.
Geo-Environmental Study of Kaliasaur Landslide in District Rudraprayag of Gar...inventionjournals
This paper deals with historical and massif landslide of Kaliasaur in district Rudraprayag of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The study area lies between the two districts of Uttarakhand state i.e., Pauri and Rudraprayag, belongs to lesser Himalaya of Garhwal Region. Kaliasaur landslide is located along Srinagar-Badrinath Highway about 15 km upstream of Srinagar at left bank of Alaknanda River. This slide is very important because it is located on NH-58 which is the only connecting road to outer world and affects daily life of the people.The main focus of the paper is to understand the nature of landslide and its causes, and finally with the help of the intensive field observation, the authors suggested treatment and concrete solution of this geo-environmental problem of the study area.
Analysis of Households’ Electricity Consumption with Ordered Logit Models: Ex...inventionjournals
Percentage of households’ electricity demand in total energy demand of households is increasing day by day. However, households’ electricity consumption fails to provide the added value to Gross National Product unlike industry sector. Therefore, the factors that increase the energy consumption of households should be analyzed and in this respect, required energy saving policies should be generated. In this paper, the ordered logit models examined the variables affecting the electricity consumption of households in Turkey. According to goodness of fit indicators, Partial Proportional Odds Model was determined as the best model that fits into our dataset. The results obtained from model show that electrically powered items and their quantities, household size, income, housing type and properties are important factors that increase households’ electricity consumption.
Fınancıal Rısk Management 'S Impact On Company Valueinventionjournals
This document summarizes a study examining the impact of financial risk management on company value. It provides background on the increased importance of financial risk management for companies due to globalization and financial instability. It then discusses various financial risk management methods companies use, including identifying risks, risk measurement techniques like decision trees and the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and developing risk management strategies. The study aims to analyze how effective financial risk management may increase company profitability and value.
Albania aims to achieve a rapid, balanced and sustainable economic development, which requires the possession of capable human resources to cope with different challenges. In this context, among others, the employment and training of young people remain challenges that the Albanian society is facing from many years. High unemployment rates along with low labor force participation and low employment rates characterize the Albanian youth labor market (ILO, 2014, Youth employment and migration, Country brief Albania, pg.2). Studies and research on this phenomenon are important in order to create effective policies to overcome this problem. In this article, is treated the subject of employment for the age group of 15-29 years old. The main data analyzed in this paper are those of INSTAT, taking into consideration are the reports and studies carried out in this sector. The purpose is to show what are the difficulties of young people to enter the labor market and the main factors that influence it.
Citizen Satisfaction with Police: A Pillar of Law Enforcement Governanceinventionjournals
Increasing use of governance practices in public administration have had broad repercussions in law enforcement and policing. As a result, law enforcement services have witnessed significant changes that shifted police from a bureaucratic, incident driven force to a proactive service oriented organization. Among other governance indicators, citizen satisfaction and confidence in law enforcement services has increasingly been one of the central tenets of the governance structures in the contemporary world.In this new era of policing, enhancing community relations and improving the satisfaction of citizens have become the main objective of police departments. This study first explains the governance approach to law enforcement and policing and then focuses on citizen satisfaction with police. It explores the general determinants of citizen satisfaction, and assesses the impact of police citizen encounters on citizen satisfaction with police. Based on the literature and research studies, this article shows that socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, race, gender, and income independently determine the attitudes toward police. Police contact also has a significant effect on satisfaction level. Favorable contacts with police improve citizens’ satisfaction regardless of the type of contact. Residential location of an individual and physical police presence in the neighborhood also affects attitudes toward police.
Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Small and Medium Sized Enter...inventionjournals
The study investigated the impact of Strategic Human Resource management on small and medium enterprises in some selected local government areas in Abia State, Nigeria. 126 respondents were selected from 235 population of businessmen and women in the fourlocal government areas of Abia State. The general objective of the study is to investigate the place of Strategic Human Resource Management in improving corporate performance among SMEs in Abia State Nigeria. The study used descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) to answer the three research questions posed for the study. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used to test the three hypotheses that guided the study. The results obtain from the analysis showed that there is a strong positive correlation between strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and performance level of competition in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The major finding of the research work is that SHRM is an important and indispensable tool for any organizations performance and for any organization that wants to gain competitive advantage over others. The study therefore recommends that further studies be carried out in Nigeria to investigate the causes of non-adoption of Strategic HRM in Abia state in particular. The causes of this when known and curbed, small and medium scale industries in Nigeria might become more competitive in boosting the development of Nigerian economy.
Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in the West African States: A Panel Frameworkinventionjournals
This paper examines the impact of economic variables namely, foreign direct investment (FDI), investment, export, foreign aid and broad money supply on economic growth, approximated by gross domestic product (GDP)using annual data covering a period 1981-2008 on a group of West African countries. The impact of variables on GDP is estimated using three panel estimation models: pooled model (pooled), fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM). We explore the hypothesis that foreign aid can promote growth in developing countries. We test this hypothesis using panel data series,while the findings of previous studies are generally mixed, our resultsindicate that foreign direct investment has purely positive effects on economic growth in West African countries
Indian migration is estimated at 20 – 25 million worldwide. This includes inexperienced, semi-skilled and able workers moving from India over the past two centennials (Khadria, 2006)[1]. People have desires for recognition, achievement and fulfillment of dreams. In order to reach their desires, they migrate to places which they think are better, create societal and cultural norms and try and come up with strategies which would guarantee a positive result. Berlant terms this as Cruel Optimism, which determines the relationship between desires and hindrances. She illustrates that cruel optimism can occur “when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing… It might rest on something like a new habit that promises to induce in you an improved way of being” (Berlant, 2006: 21)[2]. In the course of achieving their desires, many people get disappointed. They can lose their identity, their family, their homeland, and many more. Many a times, it is imagined that life can be better if one moves to another country, after marriage or when the societal norms are refused. This imagined world is different from the real world as desires and longings do not bring satisfaction to everyone. The aim of this paper is to observe the distinction between the world-as-it-is-imagined and the world as it is constructed in our day-to-day lives. With reference to two fictions of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, this paper will determine that people many times get cruelly optimistic and choose to move to another place. Divakaruni’s novels are about Indians moving from India to America, however, the idea is universal and very much relevant to the Pacific, and to transnational identity and diaspora.
Towards Indian Agricultural Information: A Need Based Information Flow Modelinventionjournals
Information is crucial for agriculture and rural development. ICT based services in agriculture is gaining importance day by day. Paper proposes to study the nature of agricultural information its uniqueness and problems of handling and organization. Agri informatics and use of different web portals for agriculture also discussed. Paper also highlighted the ICAR and IARIs contribution towards development of NARS (National Agricultural Research System) and models showing Information flow and strategic plan for organization of agricultural information. Some recommendations for proper organization and dissemination of agricultural information have been made to reach grass root level with desired agricultural information.
An Analysis on the Attitudes of Academic Staff towards Distance Educationinventionjournals
This document analyzes the attitudes of academic staff at Namık Kemal University towards distance education. A survey was administered to 283 of the university's 955 academic staff. The survey found that staff had moderate attitudes towards the positive aspects of distance education, weak attitudes towards the negatives, and high attitudes towards the advantages. Attitudes varied by academic title but not by age or gender. The findings provide insights for establishing a Distance Education Center at the university and increasing awareness of distance education among staff.
Social Maturity of Adolescents In Relation To Their Home Environmentinventionjournals
Social maturity is a necessary aspect for the individual and society. Each individual is expected to show mature behavior in adolescence period because the socially immature behavior of child can be ignored but not the adolescent. Only a socially matured adolescent can be accepted both by the peers and society. The present study was undertaken to study the social maturity of adolescent students in relation to their home environment. The sample comprised of 500 adolescent students studying in 11th and 12th standards of Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of South Haryana. Rao’s Social Maturity Scale was used to asses social maturity of adolescent students and Mishra’s Home Environment Inventory was used to study home environment of students. The obtained data was analyzed using Mean , S.D. ,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation through SPSS version(17). The result of the present study revealed that there is significant negative relation between social maturity of adolescent students and various dimensions of home environment related to them.
On the Contingency and Necessity of Social Career Choice from the Perspective...inventionjournals
This article discusses social career choice on the perspective of development of mathematical history. Although various causes contribute to the career choice, there exist its chance and inevitability. However, as long as you choose it, you should pay the effort to get a good result. This paper provides college students with good employment guidance.
Information Literacy: ‘Medicine’ in Improving Ways of Managing Information Ex...inventionjournals
We are now living in the information society and global village of which we are bombarded with huge sums of information which is not all relevant to us. It is therefore imperative to be well equipped with information literacy skills so as to curb the information explosion. Simply being exposed to a great deal of information will not make people informed citizens, they need information literacy skills. Information literacy comes as a ‘medicine’ in curing the information exposition. Information seekers can tackle information explosion by employing strategies such as information literacy education, development of information search skills, library education, user orientation, bibliographic user instruction, information fluency and all other information literacy competencies.
“But, Did It Work?”Effects of Teacher-Implemented ComputerAssisted Instructio...inventionjournals
Four students with learning disabilities participated in a supplemental repeated reading intervention in order to increase oral reading fluency (ORF) skills. Teachers implemented the computerized intervention with the students in an inclusive classroom during reading/language arts time. The students engaged with the computerized repeated reading program three times per week for 10 weeks. Teachers administered generalization passages once a week to determine each student’s reading skills on passages that had not been read. Study data revealed mixed results as the students increased their ORF on progress monitoring generalization passages and tended to reach their goals, but only two of the four students showed a positive level change on the computerized repeated reading intervention passages. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Climate Change and Climate-Induced Disasters in Odisha, Eastern India: Impact...inventionjournals
There is no doubt that climate change and climate induced-disasters pose a significant challenge to poverty reduction, health and development in many developing countries, including India. Odisha’s geographic location on the east coast of India and its climatic condition have meant that the state has historically been highly prone to climate change and multiple hazards, mainly cyclones, droughts and floods. Its fluctuating weather conditions suggest that Odisha is stumbling under climatic chaos. The state has been declared disaster-affected for 95 years of the last 105 years: floods have occurred for 50 years, droughts for 32 years and cyclones have struck the state for 11 years. After independence less importance has been given to the state as well as the development strategies of the state have tended to overlook the climate change, health, poverty related issues. The findings of the study highlight that there is a scarcity of research which can focus on different climatic induced calamity issues. Strong political will, strengthen infrastructures, public private partnership and community involvement and better planning can go beyond risk management to look at actions that address climate change and deliver benefits for growth and development. There is an urgent need to focus on the climate change, disasters and their vulnerability, and adaptation and coping mechanisms among the people in the state. The study recommends for future research and policy advocacy for better solutions and development strategies in the state.
Knowledge Management Practices In (Comsat) Academic Library Networkinventionjournals
Our society today is immensely impacted by the progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs). Literature names this change and the rise of new environment as “period of rapid change”. There is hardly any professional or field which has not stirred by the ICTs. In this globally competitive environment, librarianship is also deeply affected by ICTs and acts as a web among all the educational institutions. Libraries of various educational institutions must go with the flow by transforming the information into knowledge and introduce productive and new services. Knowledge is indeed the root to stay firm in this economy-run society today. This research article attempts to analyze the KM tools, their usage, awareness, and advantages. This study will show how COMSAT University (CIIT) Library network around different campuses convert the intellectual assets of Library and there workers and staff members into higher productive services by using KM tools and techniques.
The document provides details about a minor project on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan conducted in two districts of Jharkhand, India. It discusses the context and rationale for the study which aims to assess the impact of a Swachh Bharat Abhiyan project implemented by Aarogya Foundation of India in 105 villages across two blocks. The methodology section outlines the objectives, scope, research methodology and sampling process involving 506 respondents from the community, schools and Aarogya Foundation functionaries.
Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Healt...ijtsrd
Open defection is the practice of people defecting outside and not into a designated toilet. In rural India the open defection practices is the way of life. According to 2011 Census of India, 53.12 Per cent of the rural household did not use any kind of toilet. Human excreta are the principal source of over 50 types of infections and causes almost 80 per cent of human diseases. The main objectives of this research paper is to know the health related problems of open defecators people and what are the major causes to such practices. Malda district of West Bengal has been selected as a study area, which is the gateway of North Bengal. The study is based on primary and secondary sources of data. The study reveals that the practice of open defection poses serious health risk to the rural peoples of Malda district of West Bengal. It is evident from the study that Diarrhea Dysentary is the highest prone disease 36.67 per cent and Cholera is the lowest diseases 1.00 per cent among the peoples caused by open defection especially 0 5 years children . The study also provoked that, the major causes of open defection in the study area are unwillingness to discontinue the personal habits of open defection that is 41.67 per cent and attitude of the people like construct a toilet in home brings impurity and unhygienic etc. The Central and state government has enforced many schemes like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Nirmal Bangla Abhiyan, Clean India Mission for Open Defection Free ODF but these schemes are fruitful in the study area. Dr. Mohammad Taufique | Naved Ansari | Md Areful Hoque "Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Health and Dignity: A Micro Level Analysis of Indian Villages" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30702.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/30702/open-defecation-and-poor-sanitation-condition-a-serious-menace-to-human-health-and-dignity-a-micro-level-analysis-of-indian-villages/dr-mohammad-taufique
This document presents a cost-benefit analysis framework for evaluating India's Total Sanitation Campaign which aims to provide rural sanitation through individual household latrines and community latrines. It outlines the various stakeholders involved, costs associated with construction, information campaigns and maintenance, and potential health and economic benefits of reduced diarrhea incidence. While benefits include healthcare savings, increased productivity, and time savings, there are challenges in accurately quantifying reductions in disease and assigning monetary values to intangible benefits. The framework is intended to help assess the balanced approach between individual and community latrines and provide evidence of the financial benefits of the sanitation program.
This document summarizes the present status of sanitation in India, challenges faced, and recommendations for moving forward. It notes that 58% of Indians, or approximately 70 crore people, still defecate in the open. Open defecation costs India an estimated Rs. 2,70,000 crores annually in economic losses. While 40% of households have toilet structures, only 18.9% are functional. Challenges include improper installation, choked toilets, pit leakage, and cultural perceptions. Moving forward, the document recommends increasing awareness, demand-driven programs, penal provisions, priority bank lending, and community-led total sanitation models. Breaking social barriers will be key to improving sanitation in India
Human development index (hdi) a case study of aasgaon village, dist satara,...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the Human Development Index (HDI) of Aasgaon village in Satara district, Maharashtra, India.
2. It finds that Aasgaon village has achieved a high HDI of 0.641, higher than Maharashtra's HDI of 0.523 and India's HDI of 0.547. This is due to active participation of villagers in various development initiatives.
3. The village is self-sufficient in water availability, literacy rates, and employment opportunities. All school-aged children are enrolled in primary education, and literacy rates for adults exceed district and state levels.
11.human development index (hdi) a case study of aasgaon village, dist sata...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the Human Development Index (HDI) of Aasgaon village in Satara district, Maharashtra, India.
2. It finds that Aasgaon village has achieved a high HDI of 0.641, higher than Maharashtra's HDI of 0.523 and India's HDI of 0.547. This is due to active participation of villagers in various development initiatives.
3. The village is self-sufficient in water availability, literacy rates, and employment opportunities. All school-aged children are enrolled in primary education. Aasgaon has emerged as a model village for rural development in India.
Amit_Kapoor_EOL_Index_#theindiadialogue Feb 2023.pdfDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Amit Kapoor, Lecturer, Stanford University & Honorary Chairman, Institute for Competitiveness on "Building Human Foundation" at #TheIndiaDialog on February 23 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
Addressing Challenges of Equitable Health, Nutrition and Well-being in Rapidl...siddharthagarwal9050
This presentation was delivered as a Public Health Lecture at the request of National Institute of Health and Family Welfare and National Health Systems Resource Centre, at NIHW Auditorium, Munirka, New Delhi
Current trends & standards in Nursing managementARPITASARASWAT3
The document discusses current trends, standards and challenges in community health nursing in India. It outlines key objectives of community health nursing such as increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality rates. It then summarizes trends in health status including population growth, sex ratio, life expectancy, birth and death rates. It also discusses progress in reducing communicable diseases and emerging health issues. Finally, it outlines developing standards in community health nursing to define the scope of practice and promote excellence.
The document discusses rural development in India. It notes that the Ministry of Rural Development aims to accelerate socio-economic development in rural areas by focusing on healthcare, education, water, housing, and roads. Some key issues facing rural development include poverty, lack of access to clean water, low literacy rates, child labor, poor sanitation and health, lack of electricity, unemployment, and inadequate road infrastructure. The document argues that a major challenge is lack of awareness among rural populations about existing development schemes and resources not always being used for their intended purposes.
PROPOSAL FOR VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT / VILLAGE ADAPTION - FOUNDATION JPSFoundation JPS
Foundation JPS proposed a Proposal for Village Adaption / Village Development porogram for the CSR activities to ensure every village of India should have basic facility like Sanitation, Pure Water, Electricity, Health awareness, Good Education and equality of each and every person of the village.
Shake hand with Foundation JPS CSR Program Implementation partner of Many PSU / Govt. Organizations like HIMCON, HARDICON etc.
A Conceptual Model of Rural Development IndexAI Publications
Rural Areas are deprived of basic amenities such as access to drinking water, electricity, toilets and sewage systems giving rise to unhygienic conditions in the rural areas. Lack of healthcare facility in terms of infrastructure and staff has aggravated problems of health leading to infant mortality, death of pregnant mothers, decreased average life span in rural areas. Poor quality of teaching fraternity and non availability of infrastructure are major reason for illiteracy and unemployment. Non-agricultural income such as animal husbandry, sericulture and vocational trainings that supplement the agricultural income that needs to be focused. Mechanization should be the priority in enhancing agricultural yield followed by storage and transportation facility to the market in raising agricultural income. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides due to lack of knowledge among farmers contribute to water as well as air pollution deteriorating the environment. The disposable income spent on cultural aspects needs to be taken into consideration in assessing the status of the rural area. There is a need to assess rural areas from five dimensions such as economic, education, health, environment and disposable income in understanding present level of development in rural areas. Cause and effect diagram is established contributing to the development of specified domains. The conceptual index is a composition of Result Index and Cause Index. This distinction aids in examining the result index to measure the current level of rural development and cause index to evaluate the process of rural development for policy makers in identifying the areas of improvement in the overall development of the rural area.
This document provides an overview of family planning in India, including:
1. India was the first country to launch a national family planning program in 1952, which has since expanded nationwide and helped reduce birth rates.
2. Technological advances and improved healthcare have led to rapid declines in birth and population growth rates, though population is still expected to increase by 15.7% by 2026.
3. The government is committed to further reducing maternal and infant mortality rates by 2017 by increasing access to family planning services and education.
4. Recent surveys show increased contraceptive use nationwide, though some states still have high unmet need and total fertility rates above 3.0.
This document summarizes a study on sanitation and disease patterns in Haryana, India. It discusses how lack of sanitation leads to various infectious diseases and negatively impacts health and development. The objectives are to analyze spatial patterns of sanitation facilities and diseases across Haryana's districts. Data on sanitation from the 2001 Census and disease data from 2003 is used. Diseases are classified and analyzed with a focus on relationships between sanitation and water/excreta-borne diseases. While the data has limitations, it provides a broad view of regional disease patterns.
THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND INCOME: A CASE STUDY OF DAVAN...AkashSharma618775
India is the agriculture based country in the world and most of the people were depend on agriculture
mode of life. The major livelihoods in this area of the study are related to irrigation based agricultural practices.
How far irrigation has influence on income of youth cultivators? What is the other non-water related factors
influencing income level of youth cultivators? The paper addresses these questions. Irrigation plays an important
role in improving production and productivity of agriculture.
The present research study try to highlight the involvement of youth in agricultural activities and income impact
of irrigation study has been done in Nalluru village of Davanagere district, Karnataka. Consisting of 150
households, having different livelihoods, a set of 55 respondents have been found out whose main occupation is
cultivation and annual income comes under below poverty line (BPL). Among these 55 cultivators a sample of 20
youth cultivators has been selected by using simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) method
and further required data have been collected for this sample group using a pre-tested questionnaire consisting of
both quantitative and qualitative variables. Finally, conclude the findings of study.
This document provides an overview of sanitation issues around the world and in India specifically. Some key points:
- Globally, 61% of people had access to basic sanitation in 2008, while 40% lacked access to improved sanitation facilities. Inadequate sanitation increases disease incidence.
- In rural India, open defecation is common and poses health risks. Diarrhea is a major killer of children under 5. Lack of sanitation also impacts education and economic productivity.
- Urban India faces challenges of sanitation access in slums and safe disposal of human waste. Programs like Nirmal Shahar Puraskar aim to recognize best practices in urban sanitation.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Strategies for revamping of national rural health mission in indiaAlexander Decker
This document discusses strategies for revamping India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). It provides background on NRHM, launched in 2005 to strengthen rural health infrastructure and address gaps in health services. The document outlines NRHM's goals of reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to public health services, and integrating vertical health programs. It also discusses NRHM's strategies, functioning through local health committees and Accredited Social Health Activists, and issues with coordination between programs and lack of performance monitoring. The document concludes with recommendations to address lack of trained personnel and improve association of district health societies for better NRHM implementation.
Rural India has seen positive developments in recent years but still faces challenges. Literacy and female literacy rates have increased significantly from 2001 to 2011. School enrollment has also increased while the number of children not enrolled has decreased. Over a million women now serve as local representatives. However, rural areas still lack good infrastructure, teachers, and healthcare. Malnutrition and poverty remain problems. Ensuring access to education, healthcare, drinking water and sanitation as well as increasing rural employment opportunities are key tasks to further develop rural India.
Similar to Rural Sanitation in India and Telangana State: A Special Reference to Rural Adilabad district (20)
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS ANTI-FREEZING AGENT
Rural Sanitation in India and Telangana State: A Special Reference to Rural Adilabad district
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 5 ||May. 2016 || PP.27-33
www.ijhssi.org 27 | P a g e
Rural Sanitation in India and Telangana State: A Special
Reference to Rural Adilabad district
Dr. Parupally Anjaneyulu, Research Associate
DCS-CESS, Hyderabad.
ABSTRACT: More than 68% of the household’s people living in rural areas and sanitation condition is still
very poor. In the present scenario India has performed poorly in terms of the latrine facilities. In the rural area
of the country, 30.7% and 21.9% households are having the latrine facilities period from 2001 to 2011. Some of
the better facilities observed in the urban areas. According to New Global Index report, India’s rank stands at
93th place. Sanitation is the primary need of public health and the situation in Telangana is alarming. Studies
show that rural households have very little access to the latrine facilities. Telangana state out of 459 Mandals,
327 have rural population. In Telangana 40% and 28.5% of the rural households are having drinking water and
latrine facilities within the household premises. There is huge difference between rural and urban household’s
facilities. Adilabad district has total 52 mandals and these all mandals having the rural population. North side
of the Adilabad district has dense forest and fully occupied with tribal population. The Adilabad district having
72% rural population and having only 61% of the literacy rate. Adilabad district rural households are having
very less latrine facilities with 14%. With this back ground, the current paper is based on secondary data
focusing mainly on sanitation condition in rural India and Telangana and its districts. Total analysis also
examined to the rural Adilabad district including with mandals. GIS Techniques are used to preparing the maps
and these maps are used to analyse of the paper.
Key words: Sanitation, Rural, Households, GIS, Forest.
I. Introduction
Sanitation is a broad term which includes safe disposal of human waste, waste water management, solid waste
management, water supply, control of vectors of diseases, domestic and personal hygiene, food, housing, etc.
Sanitation includes environmental sanitation which is largely viewed as “the control of all those factors in man‟s
physical environment which exercise a deleterious effect on his physical environment, health, alleviating
poverty, enhancing quality of life and raising productivity- all of which are essential for sustainable
development” (WHO 1992). Sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and human
development index. Good sanitary practices prevent contamination of water and soil thereby prevents diseases.
The concept of sanitation was therefore expanded to include persona hygiene, home sanitation, safe water,
garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal. But globally, Sanitation is primarily used for Safe
disposal of human excreta (used by UNICEF-WHO Joint Monitoring Program)
In India, Government were launched Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 and the main
objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and also to provide privacy and dignity to women.
Later on this CRSP, another programme started the name was Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)”. The main
objective of the TSC is to eradicate open defecation in rural areas and to give subsidy to construct toilet who is
under poor category. TSC gives support to schools and Anganwadis also. TSC gives strong emphasis on
Information, Education and Communication (IEC). To give a fillip to the TSC, Govt. of India also launched
Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) that sought to recognise the achievements and efforts made in ensuring full
sanitation coverage. Encouraged by the success of NGP, the government renamed to TSC as „Nirmal Bharat
Abhiyan‟ (NBA). The objective is to accelerate the sanitation coverage in the rural areas. Recently the Prime
Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October, 2014 which aims to achieve Swachh
Bharat by 2019, as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhiji. The main objective of
this programme is removing the bottlenecks that were hindering the progress during the previous programs such
as Total Sanitation Campaign and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan and focusing on critical issues affecting outcomes.
State and Central Governments are more concentrated on the facilitate latrines to the every households in the
country. Recently, Indian prime minister says if one lady went to the open defecation that will shame to the
country also.
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Objectives of the study
To study the Sanitation facility in rural India and Telangana state.
To study district wise rural Sanitation facility in new formation state.
To analyse the study area situation and to find out causes of the poor facilities.
GIS techniques
This paper has utilized the information and decision support systems to enhance its effectiveness in the analysis
of data. GIS techniques are used to prepare maps for this paper. The maps are compared and further analysed to
understand the categories of the sanitation facilities across the state and country. From the analysis of such data
various conclusions and recommendations are incorporated in this study.
Current Scenario in Rural India
In spite of the best efforts of the Government of India and respective State Governments‟ to improve the
sanitation conditions in the country, the toilet coverage in rural India is only 30.7% which shows around 70% of
the rural people still practice open defecation in the country. Out of 36 states, 14 States are in the country are
still below the national average of toilet coverage. Asper the 2011 Census, Rural India have 16.78 crores
households in that 69.3% household don‟t have latrine facility within the household premises including with all
states.
Graph 1: Area wise Percentage of Households having No Latrine Facilities in India
Source: Census of India
If compare to the previous decade from 2001 to 2011, the total country was not covered 63.6% and 53.1%
respectively which means 36.4% and 46.9% of the households having latrine facilities within the household‟s
premises. In the rural area, 30.7% and 21.9% households are having the latrine facilities respective period. In
urban area covered more latrine facilities camper to the rural areas. Urban India households are having 81.4%
(2011) and 73.7% (2001) latrine facilities within the household‟s premises. Asper the 69th NSSO Survey during
the July 2012 to December 2012, 59.4% of the country rural households are defecate in the open. Jharkhand and
Odisha households are doing 90.5% and 81.3% respectively.
If categorised 4 parts of the availability of the latrine facility < 25%, 25-50, 50-75 and > 75%.
First category > 75: Out of 36 states only 8 states like Lakshadweep, Kerala, Chandigarh (88%), Manipur
(86%), Mizoram (84.6%), Sikkim (84.1%), Tripura (81.5%) and Delhi (76.3%) having < 75% latrine facilities.
Lakshadweep and Kerala states are having above 90% of the latrine facilities.
Second category from 50-75%: 11 states are fallen this category. In Goa, 71% rural households having the
latrine facilities, Punjab also maintain almost same percentage (70.4%) other states like Nagaland (69.2%),
Himachal Pradesh (66.6%), and Andaman (60.2%) states are having above the 60% latrine facilities. Assam,
Haryana, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Daman dayyu states are having 50 to 60% latrine
facilities.
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Third category from 25-50%: only 8 states are having 25-50% latrine facilities. West Bengal only has 46.7%
latrine facility and other states such as Puducherry, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka and Dadra Nagar haveli states are fallen in this category. Maharashtra (38%), Gujarat (33%), Andhra
Pradesh (32.2%) and Karnataka (28.4) states are well advanced situation in all other indicators but availability
of latrine facilities is very poor and states are having above the country average.
Figure 1: State wise toilet coverage in Rural India
Fourth category < 25%: Jharkhand (7.6), Madhya Pradesh (13.1%), Odisha (14.1%), Chhattisgarh (14.5%),
Bihar (17.6%), Rajasthan (19.6%), Uttar Pradesh (21.8%) and Tamilanadu (23.2%) states are having below 25%
of the latrine facilities within the households premises.
II. Telangana Overall Situation
Latrine facilities are very poor in total Telangana state. Overall in the state, 52.5% households have latrine
facilities within the household‟s premises. 47.5% household population does not have the facility. Urban areas
households‟ population has excellent latrine facilities; it has above 90% and only 10% of household‟s
population does not have latrine facilities in their household‟s premises. It is different in rural and urban points
of view. In rural areas, 30% of households have latrine facilities in the household premises.
Urban households have excellent latrine facilities (90%). If government and other organization put in efforts in
these lacking areas, it will improve the situation. People hoping Telangana state‟s “Drinking water grid” project
will fulfil
Graph 2: Area wise sanitation coverage in Telangana State
this gap. Telangana government concentrated on the sanitation facilities and they fixed target to achieve Open
Defecation Free (ODF) state up to 2019. But recent data shows the availability of the latrine facilities is very
poor in across the state. The Telangana government estimates out of the total of 1, 01, 93,027 households, in
accordance with the 214-15 household survey it had carried out, 42, 10,019 households do not have toilet
facilities and defecating in open places. The Telangana government has launched the ODF project on October 2,
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2015 and aiming to ensure one toilet to each household in rural areas at an estimated cost of Rs 199.02 crore till
date completed ODF programme in 975 gram panchayats and Mahbubnagar stood top with 215 GPs with ODF
followed by Nizamabad (165), Karimnagar (145), Warangal (106), Medak and Adilabad (102), Rangareddy
(58), Nalgonda (47) and Khammam (35). Khammam is having the lowest ODF villages in the state.
III. District Wise Scenario
In Total households, Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts performed above state average. Hyderabad 98% and
Rangareddy 81% households‟ are having latrine facilities within the households‟ premises. If both the districts
are excluded, the remaining Telangana districts are having Latrine facilities of just 40.3%. Whereas in
Khammam district have 51% and Karimnagar 64% of households got latrine facility in their house premises.
Other districts such as Medak, Warangal, Nizamabad and Nalgonda have above 40% households with toilets
facility within the premises. Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts are very poor situation in sanitation situations
with 33-35% only.
The rural Telangana state has 29.5% of the latrine facilities within the household premises. Other 70.5%
households are not having latrine facilities. The rural household‟s data decreased up to 1% because after
bifurcation of AP and Telangana states, Central government has merged 7 mandals from Telangana state to
Andhra Pradesh state. In that situation urban area not merged only merged rural area from Telangana state due
to the Polavaram Irrigational Project. The Table 1 shows after merging figures of the Telangana state and these
figures are approximate only. Asper the table rural Khammam households are having highest (39.9%) latrine
facilities followed by Karimnagar (34.9%), Medak (31.6%), Nizamabad (31.3%), Nalgonda (30.3%) and
Warangal (30%) districts rural households are having above the state average. None of the district not reached
40% mark. Hyderabad not having rural population and other three districts such as Mahbubnagar (17.8%),
Rangareddy (16.3%) and Adilabad (14%) districts are having very poor facilities within the household‟s
premises. Overall Telangana state, Khammam rural district having top position and bottom position is Adilabad
district.
Asper 2011 Census data, Total Telangana has 49.3 lakhs rural households but Baseline survey (BLS)-2012
showing 44.9 lakhs households but Total Detail Entered households 44.6 lakhs only. The difference between the
Census 2011 and BLS-2012 survey is almost 4.7 lakhs households. Asper the BLS-2012 survey the percentage
of the latrine facility coverage is very low compare to the Census 2011. Total rural Telangana has 28.5%
(Census 2011) and 25.8% (BLS-2012). These difference up to gram panchayat level also but SBM (Gramin) is
the major source to the central and state governments.
Figure 2: District wise rural household’s Latrine coverage in Telangana State
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IV. Rural Adilabad District
Adilabad is very poor performing districts in overall Telangana with 14% latrine coverage in rural areas due to
this reason district selected to analyse. Adilabad district rural households are having only 14% of the latrine
facilities within the household‟s premises. It situated between 77° 47' and 80° E, of the eastern longitudes and
18.40' and 19.56 N', of northern latitudes. The area of the district is 16.1000 sq. km. The district is bounded on
north Maharashtra, on the east by Chanda district, on the south by Karimnagar and Nizamabad districts and on
the west by Nanded district of Maharashtra State. The district is world famous for its Nirmal toy making &
Dhokra casting. The most important river that drains the district is the river Godavari. The Penganga, the
Wardha, and the Pranahita com next importance. The Kadam and the Peddavagu are tributaries of the Godavari.
As per the 2011 census, the district has population of 27, 41,239 which accounts for 7.79% of the total
population of the State with 10.18% decadal growth. Total male population is 1369597 and female is 1371642.
In that urban population is 760259 (27.7%) and 1980980 (72.2%) population living in the rural areas. Adilabad
has a sex ratio of 1003 females for every 1000 males. Literacy rate of the district is 61.01% and male literacy
rate (70.81%) is more than female literacy rate (51.3%). Out of the 16 thousand sq. km area, 7231.89 sq. km
area under the forest department and it has one Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) known as
Utnoor division. It covered 5 mandals and for this agency area and Komaram Bheem project facilitate drinking
water. The district has the great Kawal Wild Sanctuary and covered 893 square km-long sanctuary. The
sanctuary is one of the richest Teak forests in the State with dense pristine areas free of human disturbance. The
River Kadam flows through this area.
As per the Census 2011, overall the district 35% households having drinking water within the premises. Total
29% of the households are having latrine facilities within the household‟s premises. Rural Adilabad district
covered 14% of the rural households are having latrine facilities were as the SBM (Gramin) 2012 data showing
the 8.9% households are having the latrine facilities. But this paper analysis is done based on the Census 2011
data only. Almost 86% of the household‟s population don‟t have the latrine facilities within the household‟s
premises. Adilabad district having above 40% of the area covered dense forest and has Integrated Tribal
Development Agency (ITDA) Utnoor division. These mandalas not having much latrine facilities.
Figure 3: Mandal wise rural household’s Latrine coverage in Adilabad District
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Out of 52 mandals, only 10 mandals households are having above the 20% latrine coverage within the
household‟s premises. If observed figure 3, the red colour patch is less than 10% latrine coverage only such as
Sirpur (U) mandal is the lowest latrine facility coverage mandal in the district with 3.8% followed by Asifabad
(4.3%), Narnoor (4.3) and Tiryani (4.9%). These four mandals are having below 5% of the facilities.
Bazarhathnoor, Kerameri, Ichoda, Tanoor, Jainoor, Wankdi, Vemanpalle, Bhimini, Kotapalle, Dahegaon,
Inderavelly, Bejjur, Nennal and Chennur mandals are having 5 to 10% latrine facilities. Tamsi, Adilabad,
Utnoor, Bhainsa, Bela, Kaddam, Khanapur, Lokeswaram mandals also having between 10 to 15% of the
facilities. District head quarter Adilabad rural area also not covered much facilities. The Integrated Tribal
Development Agency (ITDA) centre Utnoor households are also do not have more latrines. The ITDA
headquarters was shifted from Adilabad to Utnoor in September, 1979 with the jurisdiction of (44) Mandals,
covering with SCA (Special Central Assistance) funds and (1) Mandal i.e., Kubeer with cluster funds. The tribal
sub plan area comprises 38.13% of the geographical area of the district. Due to this reason also the latrine
facilities coverage are not much increased.
From 15 to 20% of the latrine facilities coverage in Jainad, Mamda, Boath, Kagaznagar, Luxmanchanda, Jaipur,
Mudhole mandals. Only 10 mandals are having above the 20% of the latrine facilities within the household‟s
premises. Jinnaram (20.3%), Nirmal (21.1%), Rebbena (23%), Luxettipet (23.3%), Mandamarri (23.7%),
Dandepalli (24.4%) and Dilwarapur (25.4%) mandals are having 20 to 25% and other three mandals such as
Bellampalle (30.6%), Mancherial (31.2%) and Tandur (33.3%) mandals having some better facilities compare to
the other all district of the mandals.
Asper the Census 2011, Adilabad district having approximately 1800 villages. In all villages only Kosai village
from the Talamadugu mandal having 100% latrine facilities within the household‟s premises and Rechini village
from Bejjur mandal having 98.3% latrine facilities. Recently government (December 2015) of Telangana
officials are declared 102 villages are Open Defecation Free villages in Adilabad district.
Causes of the Backwardness
This district has more rural population (72%) and it is the one of the most backward district in the new
state. Main Reason is Illiteracy and more rural and tribal population.
Forest also one of the cause of the open defecation. Availability of the more open space also a reason.
Levels of the understanding the situation is very poor due to more tribal population.
Illiteracy is the one of the main causes of the backwardness of the progress in the latrine facilities.
Lack of Funds in Adilabad leads to inadequate infrastructure in the district, some Municipalities in
Adilabad district are facing the funds problems.
Geographically it is having dense forest and much not urbanised. It is located north side of the
Telangana and far away from the state capital.
One of the important reasons for people not interested to construct the toilet is problems in availing the
government incentive system due to lack of effective monitoring systems.
Recommendation
Government to take serious action plane to improve the situation of the latrine facilities through the
motivation of people and encourage to constrict the individual toilet in their household premises.
Involving the all political leaders including opposite party leaders also then only it gives good result.
Frequent change in policy and the program guidelines lead to frequent change in implementation
mechanism of the sanitation program at all levels. This has become the major bottleneck in the filed for
slow progress in providing water sanitation and hygiene facilities in the rural areas.
Sanitation has become the responsibility of the stakeholders as rural development department is
involved, related government departments are conducting different programmes, and this has created a
confusion among the stakeholders as well as the beneficiaries in obtaining the benefits of the
designated schemes for sanitation facilities.
Frame a community group to monitoring the government schemes in the villages with Surpanch, Ward
Members, School Head Master and village people.
Strengthen the already formed group such as Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC) under
Gram Jyothi Scheme.
Lack of awareness also one of the major reason for having low sanitation facilities in rural areas.
Awareness programmes or schemes are explained in the regional or local language because of the
various tribal population.
There is a Chance of duplicating the benefits of the programs due to lack of beneficiary centred
monitoring mechanism.
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Implementing Mobile Application based monitoring system for construction of IHHLs. Already it is
running programme across the country. It shall be an effective monitoring tool to accelerate the
sanitation coverage, provided it is user friendly and cost effective in a large scale implementation.
The development plan would also involve many steps of different sizes like stakeholder‟s mobilization,
sanitation mapping, sanitation campaign and monitoring outcomes and others.
V. Conclusion
Water supply and sanitation is a State responsibility under the Indian Constitution. States may give the
responsibility to the Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRI) in rural areas. Ministry of Housing and other government
departments will do policy setting and their proper implementation. To eradicate the practice of open defecation,
Gram Panchayat in rural areas would need to focus not only on building infrastructure, but also on preventing
open defecation through peer pressure and shame approach. Rural areas need for sensitization at the grass root
level about the health hazards of open defecation. In India huge population and lot of development and welfare
programs for the wellbeing of the poor communities needs to have effective monitoring and evaluation systems
for proper implementation of the welfare programs which actually designated for the poor. It is observed from
the recent reports, India has the major contributor of Open defecators across the world. Around 6 crores people
in the country still practices open defection due to lack of toilet facility is the major cause for open defecation.
Overall country, North east states are having good facilities compare to the Central and West and South Indian
states. Indian capital city (New Delhi) surrounding states like Panjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and
Haryana states rural households are having some better conditions and new born Telangana state (29.5%) also
having below the country average.
In Telangana north Telangana districts like Khammam, Nizamabad, Medak and Karimnagar districts rural
households are having good latrine facilities compare to south Telangana. One of the surprising issue is
Hyderabad surroundings districts like Rangareddy, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda rural households are don not
having much latrine facilities. In Telangana some of the districts rural people are doing in the morning and
night time monitoring in the open defecation fields and it will gives good result and eradicate open defecation in
rural areas. Adilabad district having very low latrine coverage the main reasons are illiteracy and more rural and
Tribal population, dense forest and lack of awareness about the sanitation facilities. The district has lowest toilet
covered mandal in entire Telangana state that is Sirpur (U) mandal. It is covered only 3% household‟s in the
mandal.
VI. Acknowledgement
The author is highly thankful to DCS-CESS and UNICEF unit for utilising the data from the publication of
“Constituency wise analysis of drinking water and sanitation conditions in Telangana State” their help is
immense in bringing out the present paper.
References
[1] AP Re-organization bill-2014
[2] Access to Public Health-Care in the Rural Northeast India by Dilip saikia and Kalyani Kangkana das
[3] Adilabad : Swachh Vidyalaya Campaign
[4] Constituency wise analysis of Drinking water and Sanitation Conditions in Telangana State- CESS-
UNICEF report, 2015.
[5] Directorate of Census Operation occurred during May-June 2010, Census report 2011
[6] Drinking Water and Sanitation Facility in India and Its Linkages with Diarrhoea among Children under
Five by Ashwini Kumar and , K. C. Das
[7] Handbook on planning, Monitoring and evaluating For development results - United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP)
[8] http://itdautnoor.com/
[9] http://rural.nic.in
[10]http://sbm.gov.in/tsc/NBA/NBAHome.aspx
[11]http://www.nrega.telangana.gov.in
[12]Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) guidelines – Government of India
[13]Telangana State Portal.
[14]WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Progress update and MDG assessment report